Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Vatandaşı Kadınların Zenofobi Algıları Üzerine Bir Analiz: Ankara Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 36 Issue: 4, 771 - 788, 31.10.2025

Mehmet Demirbaş

https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1538329

Abstract

Son 15 yıllık süreçte ülkemizdeki artan dış göç ile yaşamakta olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşlarının zenofobi algılarını ölçmek üzere yapılan bu araştırma Ankara’da ikamet eden genç kadın nüfusu odak noktasına almıştır. Bu kapsamda Ankara’da 18-35 yaş arası kadınlar ile önceden hazırlanmış, yarı-yapılandırılmış sorular ile yüz yüze mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA 24 programı ile tematik analize tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen verilerin analizine göre, Ankara’da ikamet eden Türkiye Cumhuriyeti genç kadın nüfusunun önemli derecede yabancı korkusuna sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yabancı korkusunun bulunmasındaki nedenler mantıklı argümanlara dayalı olarak açıklanmaktadır. Mevcut koşullarda birlikte yaşamanın göçmenlerin uyum çerçevesinin sağlanması ile sağlanacağı savunulmaktadır. Uyumun sağlanması ve kültüre adapte olunması halinde yabancı korkusunun ciddi derecede ortadan kalkacağı anlaşılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, katılımcıların düşüncelerindeki en dikkat çekici durum yabancıların varlığı değil, yabancıların topluma entegre olamamasından kaynaklanmaktadır.

Keywords

Yabancı Korkusu , Dış Göç , Göçmen Entegrasyonu , Suç Korkusu , Tematik Analiz

An Analysis of Xenophobia Perceptions Among Turkish Female Citizens: The Ankara Case

Abstract

This research, which aims to examine perceptions of xenophobia among citizens of the Republic of Turkey in the context of increasing immigration over the past fifteen years, focuses on the young female population residing in Ankara. In this regard, face-to-face interviews were conducted with women aged 18-35 in Ankara using semi-structured questions and the collected data was analysed thematically by using the MAXQDA 24 software. Findings indicate that the young women residing in Ankara exhibit a significant degree of xenophobia attitudes. The underelying reasons for this xenophobia attitudes are expressed through rational justifications. It argues that cohabitation under current conditions depends on the effective integration of migrants within the framework of social cohesion. It is understood that xenophobia would significantly diminish if integration and cultural adaptation were successfully achieved. Therefore, the most striking aspect of the participants' views is not the presence of foreigners, but rather the perceived inability of foreigners to integrate into Turkish society.

Keywords

Xenophobia , External Migration , Immigrant Integration , Fear of Crime , Thematic Analysis

References

• Beaulieu, M., Dubé, M., Bergeron, C., & Cousineau, M.-M. (2007). Are elderly men worried about crime? Journal of Aging Studies, 21(3), 336–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2007.05.001
• Canetti-Nisim, D., & Pedahzur, P. (2003). Contributory factors to political xenophobia in a multi-cultural society: The case of Israel. European Journal of Political Research, 27, 307-333.
• Çarpar, M. C. (2020). Sosyolojide iki temel niteliksel desen: Fenomenolojik ve etnografik araştırma. The Journal of Social Science, 4(8), 689-704. https://doi.org/10.30520/tjsosci.750923
• Choane, M., Shulika, S. L., & Mthombeni, M. (2011). An analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications of xenophobia in South Africa. Insight on Africa, 3(2), 129-142.
• Chtouris, S., Zissi, A., Stalidis, G., & Rontos, K. (2014). Understanding xenophobia towards immigrant groups in a rapidly changing society of Greece by employing correspondence analysis. European Journal of Sociology, 55(1), 107-133.
• Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Siyasal Kitabevi.
• Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2018). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. SAGE.
• Dominelli, L. (2002). Anti-oppressive social work theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-1400-2
• Kosic, A., Mannetti, L., & Sam, D. L. (2005). The role of majority attitudes towards out-group in the perception of the acculturation strategies of immigrants. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 273-288.
• Morse, J. M. (2004). Theoretical saturation. In M. S. Lewis-Beck, A. Bryman, & T. F. Liao (Eds.), The SAGE encyclopedia of social science research methods (p. 1123). Sage.
• Mudde, C. (1999). Right-wing extremism analyzed: A comparative analysis of the ideologies of three alleged right-wing extremist parties (NPD, NDP, CP'86). European Journal of Political Research, 27(2).
• Pain, R. (2001). Gender, race, age and fear in the city. Urban Studies, 38(5–6), 899–913. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980120046590
• Robinette, J. W., Piazza, J. R., & Stawski, R. S. (2025). Community crime and safety: An investigation of gender differences in the daily stress process. Journal of Community Psychology, 53(2), e23158. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.23158
• Sakamoto, I., & Pitner, R. O. (2005). Use of critical consciousness in anti-oppressive social work practice: Disentangling power dynamics at personal and structural levels. British Journal of Social Work, 35(4), 435–452. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch190
• Scheepers, P., Gijberts, M., & Coenders, M. (2002). Ethnic exclusionism in European countries: Public opposition to civil rights for legal migrants as a response to perceived ethnic threat. European Sociological Review, 18(1), 17-34.
• Skogan, W. G., & Maxfield, M. G. (1981). Coping with crime: Individual and neighborhood reactions. Sage Publications.
• Stanko, E. A. (1995). Women, crime, and fear. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 539(1), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716295539001004
• UNESCO. (2020). Fight against xenophobia in the age of disinformation and artificial intelligence. UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/news/fight-against-xenophobia-age-disinformation-and-artificial-intelligence
• UNHCR. (2015). Protection from xenophobia. University of Witwatersrand.
• Veer, K. V. D., Ommundsen, R., Yakushko, O., & Higler, L. (2011). Cross-national measure of fear-based xenophobia: Development of a cumulative scale. Psychological Reports, 109(1), 27-42.
• Walklate, S. (1997). Risk and criminal victimisation: A modernist dilemma? British Journal of Criminology, 37(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a014148
• Warr, M. (2000). Fear of crime in the United States: Avenues for research and policy. In D. Duffee (Ed.), Measurement and analysis of crime and justice: Criminal Justice 2000 (Vol. 4, pp. 451–489). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
• Yakushko, O. (2008). Xenophobia: Understanding the roots and consequences of negative attitudes toward immigrants. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(1), 36-66.