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Rankıng The Causes Of Crowded Lonelıness Wıth The SWARA Method

Year 2025, Volume: 36 Issue: 4, 617 - 640, 31.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1640279

Abstract

Crowded loneliness is a phenomenon in which individuals experience a deep sense of loneliness despite being in social or crowded physical environments. Crowded loneliness leads to mental health problems, low life satisfaction, and the weakening of social ties in individuals, and it has become a significant public health problem for society. Addressing this situation requires strengthening social ties, encouraging deep relationships over superficial ones, and promoting the conscious use of digital technologies to combat loneliness. The study aims to develop important strategies for both individuals and societies by offering solutions in combating loneliness. It also aims to understand the main causes of crowded loneliness and to rank the effects of these causes on individuals' feelings of loneliness using the SWARA method. The study analyzed factors such as the search for meaning, superficial relationships, social expectations, stress of modern life, emotional needs, digitalization, and family factors. SWARA analyses determined the most important causes of crowded loneliness for both academics and students were "Failure to Meet Emotional Needs" and "Speed and Stress of Modern Life".

References

  • Anlı, G. (2016). İnternet Bağımlılığı: Sosyal Ve Duygusal Yalnızlık. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi (IBAD), 3(2), 389-397.
  • Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid Modernity. Polity. Press. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2017). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Interpersonal development, 57-89.
  • Baumeister, R. F. (2002). The pursuit of meaningfulness in life.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and Depression. New York: Basic Books.
  • Boyd, D. (2014). It's complicated: The social lives of networked teens. Yale University Press.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and aging, 21(1), 140.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. WW Norton & Company.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in cognitive sciences, 13(10), 447-454.
  • Demirbaş, B. (2014). İş yerinde yalnızlığın işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir uygulama (Master's thesis, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
  • Dunbar, R. I. (1998). The social brain hypothesis. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews: Issues, News, and Reviews, 6(5), 178-190.
  • Durkheim, E. (2005). Suicide: A study in sociology. Routledge.
  • Ecer, F. (2020). Çok kriterli karar verme, geçmişten günümüze kapsamlı bir yaklaşım. Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Eriş, H., & Barut, S. (2020). The effect of feeling of loneliness on burnout levels in university students. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 13(2), 369-383.
  • Frankl, V. E. (1973). Psychotherapy and existentialism selected papers on Logotherapy.
  • Frankl, V. E. (2014). The will to meaning: Foundations and applications of logotherapy. Penguin.
  • Frankl, V. E. (1985). Man's search for meaning. Simon and Schuster.
  • Fried, E. I., Bockting, C., Arjadi, R., Borsboom, D., Amshoff, M., Cramer, A. O., ... & Stroebe, M. (2015). From loss to loneliness: The relationship between bereavement and depressive symptoms. Journal of abnormal psychology, 124(2), 256.
  • Fromm, E., & Anderson, L. A. (2017). The sane society. Routledge.
  • Fry, R. (2016). Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America’s largest generation. Pew Research Center, 25(4), 1-36.
  • Goffman, E. (2023). The presentation of self in everyday life. In Social theory re-wired (pp. 450-459). Routledge.
  • Goodwin, R., & Hernandez Plaza, S. (2000). Perceived and received social support in two cultures: Collectivism and support among British and Spanish students. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17(2), 282-291.
  • Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of behavioral medicine, 40(2), 218-227.
  • Hendrick, C., & Hendrick, S. (1986). A theory and method of love. Journal of personality and social psychology, 50(2), 392.
  • Helliwell, J. F., Huang, H., & Wang, S. (2017). The social foundations of world happiness. World happiness report, 8, 8-46.
  • Hochschild, A. R. (2019). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California press.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. International Educational and Professional.
  • Huang, C. (2017). Time spent on social network sites and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(6), 346-354.
  • Karaırmak, Ö., & Güloğlu, B. (2014). Deprem Deneyimi Yaşamış Yetişkinlerde Bağlanma Modeline Göre Psikolojik Sağlamlığın Açıklanması. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 43(2).
  • Karakuş, M. (2019). Sosyal medya kullanımı ve yalnızlık arasındaki ilişki: Üniversite öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma.
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(3), 280-287.
  • Keršuliene, V., Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step‐wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Journal of business economics and management, 11(2), 243-258.
  • Öztürk, E. (2021). Yetişkin bireylerde yalnızlık ve başa çıkma biçimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü).
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. Personal relationships, 3, 31-56.
  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon Schuster. Qualter, P., Vanhalst, J., Harris, R., Van Roekel, E., Lodder, G., Bangee, M., ... & Verhagen, M. (2015). Loneliness across the life span. Perspectives on psychological science, 10(2), 250-264.
  • Rosa, H. (2013). Social acceleration: A new theory of modernity. Columbia University Press.
  • Schnell, T. (2009). The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 483-499.
  • Schor, J. (2008). The overworked American: The unexpected decline of leisure. Basic books.
  • Sennett, R. (1998). The corrosion of character: The personal consequences of work in the new capitalism. WW Norton & Company.
  • Steger, M. F., Oishi, S., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Meaning in life across the life span: Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood. The journal of positive psychology, 4(1), 43-52.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism Westview Press Boulder.
  • Arnd-Caddigan, M. (2015). Sherry Turkle: Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other: Basic Books, New York, 2011, 348 pp, ISBN 978-0465031467 (pbk).
  • Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why today’s super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy and completely unprepared for adulthood and what that means for the rest of us. Simon and Schuster.
  • Uludağ, A. H. D., & Doğan, H. (2021). Üretim Yönetiminde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri. Literatür, Teori ve Uygulama, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Weiss, R. (1975). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. MIT press.
  • Zimbardo, P. (2007). The lucifer effect-Understanding how good people turn evil.
  • Zolfani, S. H., & Saparauskas, J. (2013). New application of SWARA method in prioritizing sustainability assessment indicators of energy system. Engineering economics, 24(5), 408-414.
  • Zolfani, S., & Banihashemi, S. (2014). Personel selection based on a novel model of game theory and MCDM approaches. In Proceedings of 8th International Scientific Conference Business and Management (191- 198. ss.). Vilnius, Litvanya.

Year 2025, Volume: 36 Issue: 4, 617 - 640, 31.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1640279

Abstract

References

  • Anlı, G. (2016). İnternet Bağımlılığı: Sosyal Ve Duygusal Yalnızlık. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi (IBAD), 3(2), 389-397.
  • Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid Modernity. Polity. Press. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2017). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Interpersonal development, 57-89.
  • Baumeister, R. F. (2002). The pursuit of meaningfulness in life.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and Depression. New York: Basic Books.
  • Boyd, D. (2014). It's complicated: The social lives of networked teens. Yale University Press.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and aging, 21(1), 140.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. WW Norton & Company.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in cognitive sciences, 13(10), 447-454.
  • Demirbaş, B. (2014). İş yerinde yalnızlığın işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir uygulama (Master's thesis, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
  • Dunbar, R. I. (1998). The social brain hypothesis. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews: Issues, News, and Reviews, 6(5), 178-190.
  • Durkheim, E. (2005). Suicide: A study in sociology. Routledge.
  • Ecer, F. (2020). Çok kriterli karar verme, geçmişten günümüze kapsamlı bir yaklaşım. Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Eriş, H., & Barut, S. (2020). The effect of feeling of loneliness on burnout levels in university students. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 13(2), 369-383.
  • Frankl, V. E. (1973). Psychotherapy and existentialism selected papers on Logotherapy.
  • Frankl, V. E. (2014). The will to meaning: Foundations and applications of logotherapy. Penguin.
  • Frankl, V. E. (1985). Man's search for meaning. Simon and Schuster.
  • Fried, E. I., Bockting, C., Arjadi, R., Borsboom, D., Amshoff, M., Cramer, A. O., ... & Stroebe, M. (2015). From loss to loneliness: The relationship between bereavement and depressive symptoms. Journal of abnormal psychology, 124(2), 256.
  • Fromm, E., & Anderson, L. A. (2017). The sane society. Routledge.
  • Fry, R. (2016). Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America’s largest generation. Pew Research Center, 25(4), 1-36.
  • Goffman, E. (2023). The presentation of self in everyday life. In Social theory re-wired (pp. 450-459). Routledge.
  • Goodwin, R., & Hernandez Plaza, S. (2000). Perceived and received social support in two cultures: Collectivism and support among British and Spanish students. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17(2), 282-291.
  • Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of behavioral medicine, 40(2), 218-227.
  • Hendrick, C., & Hendrick, S. (1986). A theory and method of love. Journal of personality and social psychology, 50(2), 392.
  • Helliwell, J. F., Huang, H., & Wang, S. (2017). The social foundations of world happiness. World happiness report, 8, 8-46.
  • Hochschild, A. R. (2019). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California press.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. International Educational and Professional.
  • Huang, C. (2017). Time spent on social network sites and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(6), 346-354.
  • Karaırmak, Ö., & Güloğlu, B. (2014). Deprem Deneyimi Yaşamış Yetişkinlerde Bağlanma Modeline Göre Psikolojik Sağlamlığın Açıklanması. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 43(2).
  • Karakuş, M. (2019). Sosyal medya kullanımı ve yalnızlık arasındaki ilişki: Üniversite öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma.
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(3), 280-287.
  • Keršuliene, V., Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step‐wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Journal of business economics and management, 11(2), 243-258.
  • Öztürk, E. (2021). Yetişkin bireylerde yalnızlık ve başa çıkma biçimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü).
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. Personal relationships, 3, 31-56.
  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon Schuster. Qualter, P., Vanhalst, J., Harris, R., Van Roekel, E., Lodder, G., Bangee, M., ... & Verhagen, M. (2015). Loneliness across the life span. Perspectives on psychological science, 10(2), 250-264.
  • Rosa, H. (2013). Social acceleration: A new theory of modernity. Columbia University Press.
  • Schnell, T. (2009). The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 483-499.
  • Schor, J. (2008). The overworked American: The unexpected decline of leisure. Basic books.
  • Sennett, R. (1998). The corrosion of character: The personal consequences of work in the new capitalism. WW Norton & Company.
  • Steger, M. F., Oishi, S., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Meaning in life across the life span: Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood. The journal of positive psychology, 4(1), 43-52.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism Westview Press Boulder.
  • Arnd-Caddigan, M. (2015). Sherry Turkle: Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other: Basic Books, New York, 2011, 348 pp, ISBN 978-0465031467 (pbk).
  • Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why today’s super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy and completely unprepared for adulthood and what that means for the rest of us. Simon and Schuster.
  • Uludağ, A. H. D., & Doğan, H. (2021). Üretim Yönetiminde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri. Literatür, Teori ve Uygulama, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Weiss, R. (1975). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. MIT press.
  • Zimbardo, P. (2007). The lucifer effect-Understanding how good people turn evil.
  • Zolfani, S. H., & Saparauskas, J. (2013). New application of SWARA method in prioritizing sustainability assessment indicators of energy system. Engineering economics, 24(5), 408-414.
  • Zolfani, S., & Banihashemi, S. (2014). Personel selection based on a novel model of game theory and MCDM approaches. In Proceedings of 8th International Scientific Conference Business and Management (191- 198. ss.). Vilnius, Litvanya.

Kalabalık Yalnızlık Nedenlerinin SWARA Yöntemiyle Sıralanması

Year 2025, Volume: 36 Issue: 4, 617 - 640, 31.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1640279

Abstract

Kalabalık yalnızlık, bireylerin sosyal çevrelerinde veya kalabalık ortamlarda bulunmalarına rağmen derin bir yalnızlık hissi yaşamalarını ifade eden bir olgudur. Kalabalık yalnızlık, bireylerde zihinsel sağlık sorunları, düşük yaşam memnuniyeti ve sosyal bağların zayıflaması gibi sonuçlara neden olurken, toplum için de önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir. Bu durum, yalnızlıkla mücadele için sosyal bağların güçlendirilmesini, yüzeysel ilişkiler yerine derinlemesine ilişkilerin teşvik edilmesini ve dijital teknolojilerin bilinçli kullanılmasını gerektirmektedir.
Çalışma, yalnızlıkla mücadelede çözüm önerileri sunarak hem bireyler hem de toplumlar için önemli stratejiler geliştirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca kalabalık yalnızlığın temel nedenlerini anlamayı ve bu nedenlerin bireylerin yalnızlık hissi üzerindeki etkilerini SWARA yöntemiyle sıralamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, anlam arayışı, yüzeysel ilişkiler, toplumsal beklentiler, modern yaşamın stresi, duygusal İhtiyaçlar, dijitalleşme ve ailevi faktörler gibi unsurlar ele alınmıştır. SWARA yöntemi ile yapılan analizler sonucunda hem akademisyenlerde hem de öğrencilerde kalabalık yalnızlığın en önemli nedeni “Duygusal İhtiyaçların Karşılanamaması” ve “Modern Yaşamın Hızı ve Stresi”olarak belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Anlı, G. (2016). İnternet Bağımlılığı: Sosyal Ve Duygusal Yalnızlık. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi (IBAD), 3(2), 389-397.
  • Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid Modernity. Polity. Press. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2017). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Interpersonal development, 57-89.
  • Baumeister, R. F. (2002). The pursuit of meaningfulness in life.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and Depression. New York: Basic Books.
  • Boyd, D. (2014). It's complicated: The social lives of networked teens. Yale University Press.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and aging, 21(1), 140.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. WW Norton & Company.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in cognitive sciences, 13(10), 447-454.
  • Demirbaş, B. (2014). İş yerinde yalnızlığın işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir uygulama (Master's thesis, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
  • Dunbar, R. I. (1998). The social brain hypothesis. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews: Issues, News, and Reviews, 6(5), 178-190.
  • Durkheim, E. (2005). Suicide: A study in sociology. Routledge.
  • Ecer, F. (2020). Çok kriterli karar verme, geçmişten günümüze kapsamlı bir yaklaşım. Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Eriş, H., & Barut, S. (2020). The effect of feeling of loneliness on burnout levels in university students. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 13(2), 369-383.
  • Frankl, V. E. (1973). Psychotherapy and existentialism selected papers on Logotherapy.
  • Frankl, V. E. (2014). The will to meaning: Foundations and applications of logotherapy. Penguin.
  • Frankl, V. E. (1985). Man's search for meaning. Simon and Schuster.
  • Fried, E. I., Bockting, C., Arjadi, R., Borsboom, D., Amshoff, M., Cramer, A. O., ... & Stroebe, M. (2015). From loss to loneliness: The relationship between bereavement and depressive symptoms. Journal of abnormal psychology, 124(2), 256.
  • Fromm, E., & Anderson, L. A. (2017). The sane society. Routledge.
  • Fry, R. (2016). Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America’s largest generation. Pew Research Center, 25(4), 1-36.
  • Goffman, E. (2023). The presentation of self in everyday life. In Social theory re-wired (pp. 450-459). Routledge.
  • Goodwin, R., & Hernandez Plaza, S. (2000). Perceived and received social support in two cultures: Collectivism and support among British and Spanish students. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17(2), 282-291.
  • Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of behavioral medicine, 40(2), 218-227.
  • Hendrick, C., & Hendrick, S. (1986). A theory and method of love. Journal of personality and social psychology, 50(2), 392.
  • Helliwell, J. F., Huang, H., & Wang, S. (2017). The social foundations of world happiness. World happiness report, 8, 8-46.
  • Hochschild, A. R. (2019). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California press.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. International Educational and Professional.
  • Huang, C. (2017). Time spent on social network sites and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(6), 346-354.
  • Karaırmak, Ö., & Güloğlu, B. (2014). Deprem Deneyimi Yaşamış Yetişkinlerde Bağlanma Modeline Göre Psikolojik Sağlamlığın Açıklanması. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 43(2).
  • Karakuş, M. (2019). Sosyal medya kullanımı ve yalnızlık arasındaki ilişki: Üniversite öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma.
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(3), 280-287.
  • Keršuliene, V., Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step‐wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Journal of business economics and management, 11(2), 243-258.
  • Öztürk, E. (2021). Yetişkin bireylerde yalnızlık ve başa çıkma biçimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü).
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. Personal relationships, 3, 31-56.
  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon Schuster. Qualter, P., Vanhalst, J., Harris, R., Van Roekel, E., Lodder, G., Bangee, M., ... & Verhagen, M. (2015). Loneliness across the life span. Perspectives on psychological science, 10(2), 250-264.
  • Rosa, H. (2013). Social acceleration: A new theory of modernity. Columbia University Press.
  • Schnell, T. (2009). The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 483-499.
  • Schor, J. (2008). The overworked American: The unexpected decline of leisure. Basic books.
  • Sennett, R. (1998). The corrosion of character: The personal consequences of work in the new capitalism. WW Norton & Company.
  • Steger, M. F., Oishi, S., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Meaning in life across the life span: Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood. The journal of positive psychology, 4(1), 43-52.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism Westview Press Boulder.
  • Arnd-Caddigan, M. (2015). Sherry Turkle: Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other: Basic Books, New York, 2011, 348 pp, ISBN 978-0465031467 (pbk).
  • Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why today’s super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy and completely unprepared for adulthood and what that means for the rest of us. Simon and Schuster.
  • Uludağ, A. H. D., & Doğan, H. (2021). Üretim Yönetiminde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri. Literatür, Teori ve Uygulama, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Weiss, R. (1975). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. MIT press.
  • Zimbardo, P. (2007). The lucifer effect-Understanding how good people turn evil.
  • Zolfani, S. H., & Saparauskas, J. (2013). New application of SWARA method in prioritizing sustainability assessment indicators of energy system. Engineering economics, 24(5), 408-414.
  • Zolfani, S., & Banihashemi, S. (2014). Personel selection based on a novel model of game theory and MCDM approaches. In Proceedings of 8th International Scientific Conference Business and Management (191- 198. ss.). Vilnius, Litvanya.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yadigar Polat 0000-0001-5603-2149

Publication Date October 31, 2025
Submission Date February 15, 2025
Acceptance Date July 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 36 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Polat, Y. (2025). Kalabalık Yalnızlık Nedenlerinin SWARA Yöntemiyle Sıralanması. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 36(4), 617-640. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1640279