Research Article
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Year 2023, Issue: 2, 8 - 24, 29.06.2023

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Hong Kong Research Grants Council

Project Number

22606121

References

  • Adas, Michael. Machines as the Measure of Men Science, Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.
  • Akyıldız, Ali. “İzmir-Aydın Demiryolu”. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, 1987.
  • Akyıldız, Ali. Anka’nın Sonbaharı: Osmanlı’da İktisadî Modernleşme ve Uluslararası Sermaye. İstanbul: İletişim, 2005.
  • Arıcanlı, Tosun, and Mara Thomas. “Sidestepping Capitalism: on the Ottoman Road to Elsewhere”. Journal of Historical Sociology 7, no. 1 (1994): 25-48.
  • Baer, Gabriel. “Land Tenure in Egypt and the Fertile Crescent, 1800-1950”. in the Economic History of the Middle East: 1800-1914. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1966.
  • Bektaş, Yakup. “The Imperial Ottoman Izmir-to-Aydın Railway: The British Experimental Line in Asia Minor”. Science, Technology and Industry in the Ottoman World. Yay. Haz. F. Günergün, E. İhsanoğlu, A. Djebbar. Turnhout: Brepols, 2000.
  • Christensen, Peter H. Germany and the Ottoman Railways: Art, Empire and Infrastructure. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017.
  • Clarke, Hyde. The Imperial Ottoman Smyrna and Aidin Railway, its Position and Prospects. Constantinople: Koehler Brothers, 1861.
  • Cobb, Elvan. “Mixing Time: Ancient-Modern Intersections along the Western Anatolian Railways”. Producing Non-Simultaneity, Yay. Haz. Eike-Christian Heine, Christoph Rauhut. Routledge, 2017.
  • Cobb, Elvan. “Railway Crossings: Encounters in Ottoman Lands”. Doktora Tezi, Cornell Üniversitesi, 2018.
  • Cole, Camille Lyans. “Precarious Empires: A Social and Environmental History of Steam Navigation on the Tigris”. Journal of Social History 50, no. 1 (2016): 74–101.
  • Convention du Chemin de fer Ottoman de Smyrne à Aidin de sa Majesté Impériale le Sultan. Constantinople: Impr. et lithographie centrales, 1874.
  • Dimmig, Ashley. “Tents and Trains: Mobilizing Modernity in the Late Ottoman Empire”. Making Modernity in the Islamic Mediterranean. Yay. Haz. Margaret S. Graves and Alex Dika Seggerman. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2022.
  • Edwards, Paul N. “Infrastructure and Modernity: Force, Time, and Social Organization in the History of Sociotechnical Systems”. Modernity and Technology. Yay. Haz. Misa Thomas, J Philip Brey, ve Andrew Feenberg. Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 2004.
  • Fahmy, Khaled. All the Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and The Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009.
  • Gardey, Louis. Voyage du Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz de Stamboul au Caire. Paris: E. Dentu, 1865. Geyikdağı, V. Necla. Foreign Investment in the Ottoman Empire International Trade and Relations 1854-1914. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 2011.
  • Haskoll, William Davis. Railway Construction: From the Setting Out of the Centre Line to the Completion of the Works; Containing Instructions for Ranging Curves and Setting Out Lines and Levels in Earthworks, Permanent Way, Bridges & Viaducts. London: Atchley & Co., 1857.
  • Haskoll, William Davis. Railways in the East, and Generally in High Thermometrical Regions. London: Atchley and Co., 1863.
  • Headrick, Daniel R. The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the 19th Century. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1981.
  • İleri, Nurçin. “Allure of the Light Fear of the Dark: Nighttime Illumination Spectacle and Order in Fin-De-Siècle Istanbul”. Comparative Studies of South Asia Africa and the Middle East (2017): 280–298.
  • İnal, Onur. “One-Humped History: The Camel as Historical Actor in the Late Ottoman Empire”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 53.1, 2020, 57-72.
  • İnal, Onur. “The Making of an Eastern Mediterranean Gateway City: Izmir in the Nineteenth Century”. Journal of Urban History (2019): 891–907.
  • İslamoğlu, Huri. “Politics of Administering Property: Law and Statistics in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire”. In Constituting Modernity: Private Property in the East and West. Yay. Haz. Huri İslamoğlu. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004.
  • Karateke, Hakan. T. Padişahım Çok Yaşa!: Osmanlı Devletinin Son Yüz Yılında Merasimler. İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2004.
  • Kasaba, Reşat. The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy: The Nineteenth Century. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988.
  • Kentel, Mehmet. “Pera Kasımpaşa Sewers and Maps: Representing Infrastructural Entanglements in the Nineteenth-Century Istanbul”. Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association. 2021, 405–414.
  • Kerr, Ian J. Engines of Change the Railroads That Made India. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007.
  • Kolay, Arif. Anadolu’da İşletmeye Açılan İlk Demiryolu İzmir-Kasaba Hattı ve Uzantıları (1863-1897). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2019.
  • Kurmuş, Orhan. “The Role of British Capital in The Economic Development Of Western Anatolia 1850 1913”. Doktora Tezi, University of London, 1974.
  • Kurmuş, Orhan. Emperyalizmin Türkiye’ye Girişi. İstanbul: Bilim Yayınları, 1974.
  • Marsden, Ben, and Crosbie Smith. Engineering Empires: A Cultural History of Technology in Nineteenth Century Britain. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • Mentzel, Peter. Transportation Technology and Imperialism in The Ottoman Empire, 1800-1923. Washington: D.C., 2006.
  • Minawi, Mostafa. “Telegraphs And Territoriality in Ottoman Africa and Arabia During the Age of High Imperialism”. Journal Of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 18, no. 6 (2016): 567-587.
  • Mitchell, Timothy. Colonizing Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
  • Nizri, Michael. “Defining Village Boundaries at the Time of the Introduction of the Malikane System: The Struggle of the Ottoman State for Reaffirming Ownership of the Land”. in Law and Legality in the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey. Yay. Haz. Schull, Kent F., M. Safa Saraçoğlu, and Robert W. Zens. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 2016.
  • Owen, Roger, and Martin P. Bunton. New Perspectives on Property and Land in the Middle East. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.
  • Roxburgh, David J. “The Suez Canal Inauguration”. Making Modernity in the Islamic Mediterranean. Yay. Haz. Margaret S. Graves and Alex Dika Seggerman. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2022.
  • Schweig, Alexander. “Progressing into Disaster: The Railroad and the Spread of Cholera in a Provincial Ottoman Town”. History of Science. Online First (2022).
  • Terzibaşoğlu, Yücel. “’A Very Important Requirement of Social Life’: Privatisation of Land, Criminalisation of Custom, and Land Disputes in Nineteenth-Century Anatolia”. in Les Acteurs des Transformations Foncieres Autour de la Mediterranee aux XIXe Siecle. Yay. Haz. Vanessa Gueno ve Didier Guignard. Paris: Editions Karthala, 2013.
  • Tutsak, Sadiye. “Batı Anadolu’nun Ulaşım Meselesinde Uşak-İzmir Yolu Yapım Çalışmaları”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 29 (2014 ): 301-326.
  • Wishnitzer, Avner. Reading Clocks, Alla Turca: Time and Society in the Late Ottoman Empire. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.
  • Zandi-Sayek, Sibel. “Orchestrating Difference, Performing Identity: Urban Space and Public Rituals in Nineteenth- Century Izmir”. Hybrid Urbanism: On the Identity Discourse and the Built Environment. Yay. Haz. Nezar AlSayyad. Praeger, 2001.
  • Zandi-Sayek, Sibel. Ottoman Izmir: The Rise of a Cosmopolitan Port, 1840-1880. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2012.

Osmanlı’nın İlk Demiryolu Tecrübesi: İzmir-Aydın Hattının Zorlu Yılları

Year 2023, Issue: 2, 8 - 24, 29.06.2023

Abstract

Sultan Abdülaziz, 1863 yılında gerçekleştirdiği Mısır seyahatinin güzergahına İzmir’i de dahil eder. 1850'de selefi Sultan Abdülmecid’in şehriziyaret edişinin üzerinden geçen sürede şehirde pek çok değişiklik olmuş, belki de en önemlisi, şehrin ilk demiryolu devreye girmiştir. Hem Osmanlı devletinin modernleşme çabalarının hem de Kırım Savaşı sonrasında İngilizlerle olan yakınlaşmaların bir sonucu olan bu demiryolunun siyasi ve ekonomik önemi aşikardır. Bunların ötesinde, İzmir'i bereketli Menderes vadisi üzerinden Aydın'a bağlayan bu demiryolu hem İzmir'deki kentsel yaşamı hem de bölgedeki hayatı derinden etkiler. Ancak demiryolu inşaatının ilk yılları çok zorlu geçer ve yaşanan sıkıntılar, demiryollarına yönelik bir hoşnutsuzluk oluşturur. Bu olumsuz durumla mücadele edebilmek için demiryolu şirketi şölen ve kutlamalar etrafında odaklanan yoğun bir halkla ilişkiler kampanyası başlatır ve demiryolunun ilk lokomotifinin şehre gelmesi, demiryolu inşaasına başlanması, Alsancak Garı’nın temel atımı gibi vesilelerle şaşaalı merasim ve törenler düzenlenir. Haliyle, Sultan Abdulaziz’in İzmir’i ziyareti demiryolu şirketinin yöneticileri tarafından bir büyük fırsat olarak görülür ve bu vesileyle organize edilen kutlamalar demiryolu şirketinin halkla ilişkiler kampanyasının doruk noktası olur. Bu makale, ilk olarak Anadolu’da yapılan ilk demiryolu olan İzmir-Aydın hattının yapımında yaşanan zorlukları inceler. Sonrasında şirketin bu memnuniyetsizlikleri hafifletme çabalarını Sultan Abdülaziz’in ziyareti üzerinden irdeleyip, Anadolu’nun ilk demiryolunun çetrefilli gelişimini ortaya koyar.

Project Number

22606121

References

  • Adas, Michael. Machines as the Measure of Men Science, Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.
  • Akyıldız, Ali. “İzmir-Aydın Demiryolu”. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, 1987.
  • Akyıldız, Ali. Anka’nın Sonbaharı: Osmanlı’da İktisadî Modernleşme ve Uluslararası Sermaye. İstanbul: İletişim, 2005.
  • Arıcanlı, Tosun, and Mara Thomas. “Sidestepping Capitalism: on the Ottoman Road to Elsewhere”. Journal of Historical Sociology 7, no. 1 (1994): 25-48.
  • Baer, Gabriel. “Land Tenure in Egypt and the Fertile Crescent, 1800-1950”. in the Economic History of the Middle East: 1800-1914. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1966.
  • Bektaş, Yakup. “The Imperial Ottoman Izmir-to-Aydın Railway: The British Experimental Line in Asia Minor”. Science, Technology and Industry in the Ottoman World. Yay. Haz. F. Günergün, E. İhsanoğlu, A. Djebbar. Turnhout: Brepols, 2000.
  • Christensen, Peter H. Germany and the Ottoman Railways: Art, Empire and Infrastructure. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017.
  • Clarke, Hyde. The Imperial Ottoman Smyrna and Aidin Railway, its Position and Prospects. Constantinople: Koehler Brothers, 1861.
  • Cobb, Elvan. “Mixing Time: Ancient-Modern Intersections along the Western Anatolian Railways”. Producing Non-Simultaneity, Yay. Haz. Eike-Christian Heine, Christoph Rauhut. Routledge, 2017.
  • Cobb, Elvan. “Railway Crossings: Encounters in Ottoman Lands”. Doktora Tezi, Cornell Üniversitesi, 2018.
  • Cole, Camille Lyans. “Precarious Empires: A Social and Environmental History of Steam Navigation on the Tigris”. Journal of Social History 50, no. 1 (2016): 74–101.
  • Convention du Chemin de fer Ottoman de Smyrne à Aidin de sa Majesté Impériale le Sultan. Constantinople: Impr. et lithographie centrales, 1874.
  • Dimmig, Ashley. “Tents and Trains: Mobilizing Modernity in the Late Ottoman Empire”. Making Modernity in the Islamic Mediterranean. Yay. Haz. Margaret S. Graves and Alex Dika Seggerman. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2022.
  • Edwards, Paul N. “Infrastructure and Modernity: Force, Time, and Social Organization in the History of Sociotechnical Systems”. Modernity and Technology. Yay. Haz. Misa Thomas, J Philip Brey, ve Andrew Feenberg. Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 2004.
  • Fahmy, Khaled. All the Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and The Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009.
  • Gardey, Louis. Voyage du Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz de Stamboul au Caire. Paris: E. Dentu, 1865. Geyikdağı, V. Necla. Foreign Investment in the Ottoman Empire International Trade and Relations 1854-1914. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 2011.
  • Haskoll, William Davis. Railway Construction: From the Setting Out of the Centre Line to the Completion of the Works; Containing Instructions for Ranging Curves and Setting Out Lines and Levels in Earthworks, Permanent Way, Bridges & Viaducts. London: Atchley & Co., 1857.
  • Haskoll, William Davis. Railways in the East, and Generally in High Thermometrical Regions. London: Atchley and Co., 1863.
  • Headrick, Daniel R. The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the 19th Century. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1981.
  • İleri, Nurçin. “Allure of the Light Fear of the Dark: Nighttime Illumination Spectacle and Order in Fin-De-Siècle Istanbul”. Comparative Studies of South Asia Africa and the Middle East (2017): 280–298.
  • İnal, Onur. “One-Humped History: The Camel as Historical Actor in the Late Ottoman Empire”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 53.1, 2020, 57-72.
  • İnal, Onur. “The Making of an Eastern Mediterranean Gateway City: Izmir in the Nineteenth Century”. Journal of Urban History (2019): 891–907.
  • İslamoğlu, Huri. “Politics of Administering Property: Law and Statistics in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire”. In Constituting Modernity: Private Property in the East and West. Yay. Haz. Huri İslamoğlu. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004.
  • Karateke, Hakan. T. Padişahım Çok Yaşa!: Osmanlı Devletinin Son Yüz Yılında Merasimler. İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2004.
  • Kasaba, Reşat. The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy: The Nineteenth Century. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988.
  • Kentel, Mehmet. “Pera Kasımpaşa Sewers and Maps: Representing Infrastructural Entanglements in the Nineteenth-Century Istanbul”. Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association. 2021, 405–414.
  • Kerr, Ian J. Engines of Change the Railroads That Made India. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007.
  • Kolay, Arif. Anadolu’da İşletmeye Açılan İlk Demiryolu İzmir-Kasaba Hattı ve Uzantıları (1863-1897). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2019.
  • Kurmuş, Orhan. “The Role of British Capital in The Economic Development Of Western Anatolia 1850 1913”. Doktora Tezi, University of London, 1974.
  • Kurmuş, Orhan. Emperyalizmin Türkiye’ye Girişi. İstanbul: Bilim Yayınları, 1974.
  • Marsden, Ben, and Crosbie Smith. Engineering Empires: A Cultural History of Technology in Nineteenth Century Britain. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • Mentzel, Peter. Transportation Technology and Imperialism in The Ottoman Empire, 1800-1923. Washington: D.C., 2006.
  • Minawi, Mostafa. “Telegraphs And Territoriality in Ottoman Africa and Arabia During the Age of High Imperialism”. Journal Of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 18, no. 6 (2016): 567-587.
  • Mitchell, Timothy. Colonizing Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
  • Nizri, Michael. “Defining Village Boundaries at the Time of the Introduction of the Malikane System: The Struggle of the Ottoman State for Reaffirming Ownership of the Land”. in Law and Legality in the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey. Yay. Haz. Schull, Kent F., M. Safa Saraçoğlu, and Robert W. Zens. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 2016.
  • Owen, Roger, and Martin P. Bunton. New Perspectives on Property and Land in the Middle East. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.
  • Roxburgh, David J. “The Suez Canal Inauguration”. Making Modernity in the Islamic Mediterranean. Yay. Haz. Margaret S. Graves and Alex Dika Seggerman. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2022.
  • Schweig, Alexander. “Progressing into Disaster: The Railroad and the Spread of Cholera in a Provincial Ottoman Town”. History of Science. Online First (2022).
  • Terzibaşoğlu, Yücel. “’A Very Important Requirement of Social Life’: Privatisation of Land, Criminalisation of Custom, and Land Disputes in Nineteenth-Century Anatolia”. in Les Acteurs des Transformations Foncieres Autour de la Mediterranee aux XIXe Siecle. Yay. Haz. Vanessa Gueno ve Didier Guignard. Paris: Editions Karthala, 2013.
  • Tutsak, Sadiye. “Batı Anadolu’nun Ulaşım Meselesinde Uşak-İzmir Yolu Yapım Çalışmaları”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 29 (2014 ): 301-326.
  • Wishnitzer, Avner. Reading Clocks, Alla Turca: Time and Society in the Late Ottoman Empire. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.
  • Zandi-Sayek, Sibel. “Orchestrating Difference, Performing Identity: Urban Space and Public Rituals in Nineteenth- Century Izmir”. Hybrid Urbanism: On the Identity Discourse and the Built Environment. Yay. Haz. Nezar AlSayyad. Praeger, 2001.
  • Zandi-Sayek, Sibel. Ottoman Izmir: The Rise of a Cosmopolitan Port, 1840-1880. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2012.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Historical Studies (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Elvan Cobb

Project Number 22606121
Publication Date June 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Cobb, E. (2023). Osmanlı’nın İlk Demiryolu Tecrübesi: İzmir-Aydın Hattının Zorlu Yılları. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi(2), 8-24.
AMA Cobb E. Osmanlı’nın İlk Demiryolu Tecrübesi: İzmir-Aydın Hattının Zorlu Yılları. TT Akademi. June 2023;(2):8-24.
Chicago Cobb, Elvan. “Osmanlı’nın İlk Demiryolu Tecrübesi: İzmir-Aydın Hattının Zorlu Yılları”. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi, no. 2 (June 2023): 8-24.
EndNote Cobb E (June 1, 2023) Osmanlı’nın İlk Demiryolu Tecrübesi: İzmir-Aydın Hattının Zorlu Yılları. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi 2 8–24.
IEEE E. Cobb, “Osmanlı’nın İlk Demiryolu Tecrübesi: İzmir-Aydın Hattının Zorlu Yılları”, TT Akademi, no. 2, pp. 8–24, June 2023.
ISNAD Cobb, Elvan. “Osmanlı’nın İlk Demiryolu Tecrübesi: İzmir-Aydın Hattının Zorlu Yılları”. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi 2 (June 2023), 8-24.
JAMA Cobb E. Osmanlı’nın İlk Demiryolu Tecrübesi: İzmir-Aydın Hattının Zorlu Yılları. TT Akademi. 2023;:8–24.
MLA Cobb, Elvan. “Osmanlı’nın İlk Demiryolu Tecrübesi: İzmir-Aydın Hattının Zorlu Yılları”. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi, no. 2, 2023, pp. 8-24.
Vancouver Cobb E. Osmanlı’nın İlk Demiryolu Tecrübesi: İzmir-Aydın Hattının Zorlu Yılları. TT Akademi. 2023(2):8-24.

Greetings with Our Fifth Issue!

We are delighted to present the latest issue of Toplumsal Tarih Akademi journal. This issue marks the fifth since the journal began its journey in December 2022, but it stands out as the first to not center around a thematic dossier. It also represents our initial experience transitioning from editorial assistants to full editors of the journal. We ask for your forgiveness in advance for any shortcomings.

We extend our gratitude to our former editors, Yaşar Tolga Cora and Nurşen Gürboğa, who rapidly transformed the journal into one of the key publications of the History Foundation. We also thank the former President of the History Foundation and the journal’s former editor-in-chief, Mehmet Ö. Alkan, for his pioneering role in launching the journal. We are fully aware of the responsibility placed on our shoulders to carry the journal forward. With the support of our Editorial Board members and an expanding team of editors, we aim to fulfill this responsibility to the best of our ability.

At this point, we wish to thank our new section editors, who took on the responsibility of shaping the journal with us at the September 2024 Editorial Board meeting, marking the transition in the journal’s management. Our thanks go to Gülhan Balsoy and Cihangir Gündoğdu, who joined as book review editors, and Deniz Türker, who is now overseeing the document review section. We are immensely grateful for their energetic contributions to the process. While Nurşen Gürboğa has passed on the role of editor to us, she continues as the journal’s editor-in-chief. Her guidance and the bridges she builds with the History Foundation’s administration are invaluable to us. We also extend our gratitude to Emre Erkan, our Turkish language editor, who worked meticulously and swiftly to prepare articles for publication, and to our layout editor, Aşkın Yücel Seçkin, for her careful and prompt efforts. Our heartfelt thanks also go to our anonymous referees, the unseen heroes who guide our authors through their revisions.

Our decision to produce this issue with free-topic articles, coupled with changes in our management structure during the process, resulted in some delays. We are particularly grateful to our authors for their patience and understanding.

This issue features four research articles, three document reviews, four book reviews, and an obituary. Let us first introduce the research articles in our fifth issue. The first, authored by Nurhan Davutyan, is titled “The Ottoman Moratorium of 1875 could have been Prevented.” This study provides a fresh perspective on the developments leading to the establishment of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, which violated the fiscal sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire. Drawing on extensive resources and statistical analysis, Davutyan argues that financial measures proposed by Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha in 1867 could have averted the moratorium if implemented earlier, rather than in 1879.

The second article is a collaborative work by Murat Tülek, Jean-François Pérouse, and Funda Ferhanoğlu, titled “Jacques Pervititch before 1922.” This detailed study focuses on the early life and career of Pervititch, a pivotal figure in Istanbul’s cartographic history, before he began creating insurance maps of the city. Rich with visual materials, including one featured on our cover, the article offers valuable insights into Pervititch’s family life, professional development, and early maps.

Our third research article, “Governing the Exception, Negotiating Justice: The Law of the Mountains, Feud Settlements, and Hybrid Punishments in Shkodra,” takes us to the Albanian lands of the late Ottoman period. In this study, Ebru Aykut examines Ottoman governance strategies amidst local mountain laws and centralization efforts. By applying Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality to a series of cases, the article sheds light on fascinating historical events in Shkodra, offering a rewarding read for our audience.

The fourth article bridges natural history and historical research. Titled ““Why the Cormorant?” A 19th-Century Ottoman Intellectual's Perspective on the Lexical History of Karabatak,” Tarkan Murat Akkaya analyzes an 1899 newspaper article on the cormorant bird. This engaging piece explores the origins of bird names, contributing a unique perspective to the field of nomenclature, specifically regarding the cormorant.

Under the editorial guidance of Deniz Türker, our document review section aims to draw attention to overlooked historical documents and present creative interpretations of them. Filiz Yazıcıoğlu’s study highlights the significance of petitions as sources, examining those written by a telegraph operator, Mehmet Tevfik Bey, during the reign of Abdul Hamid II. Mertkan Karaca reviews a 1909 article by Halil Edhem Bey, brother of Osman Hamdi Bey, shedding light on the history of the Imperial Museum, now the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Aysel Yıldız examines two letters that narrate the remarkable life of a Janissary, İbrahim Ben Ali, born in Istanbul in 1756, who endured captivity in Russia and eventually emigrated to the United States.

Our book review section, edited by Gülhan Balsoy and Cihangir Gündoğdu, features analyses of recent publications focusing on various periods of Ottoman and Republican history. Ekrem Yener reviews Ümit Kurt’s Kanun ve Nizam Dairesi’nde Soykırım Teknokratı Mustafa Reşat Mimaroğlu’nun İzinde Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Devlet Mekanizması, while Melis Cankara critiques Uğur Zekeriya Peçe’s Island and Empire: How Civil War in Crete Mobilized the Ottoman World. Ayşe Hilal Uğurlu examines Ali Akyıldız’s Mabeyn-i Hümayun: Osmanlı Saray Teşkilatının Modernleşmesi, and Numan Deniz discusses Nir Shafir’s The Order and Disorder of Communication: Pamphlets and Polemics in Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Empire.

Finally, our obituary section commemorates historian, teacher, and writer Necdet Sakaoğlu, known for his work on local, urban, Seljuk, Ottoman, and educational history. Fahri Aral honors his memory with a heartfelt piece.

According to our Editorial Board's decision, the journal will now publish themed issues in June and open-call issues in December. We encourage you to follow the calls for papers announced on DergiPark and the History Foundation’s website. The deadline for submissions to our December 2025 issue is June 15, 2025, through the DergiPark system.

We value the development of social historiography and the creation of platforms for free and critical thought, especially for publishing high-quality Turkish articles. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi aims to combine the History Foundation’s long-standing tradition of critical publishing with the international standards of academic publishing. To this end, we are actively pursuing the indexing of our journal in national and international databases. Your constructive criticism and contributions are vital to us, and we eagerly await your feedback.

Enjoy reading and have a wonderful year ahead.

Editors of Toplumsal Tarih Akademi
Firuzan Melike Sümertaş & Sırrı Emrah Üçer