Yol Verme Davranışı: Sürücülerin Yol Verme Davranışını Anlamak Üzerine Karma Yöntemli Bir Çalışma

Year 2020, , 53 - 71, 30.04.2020

Ece Naz Demir , Hafize Berin Dönmez , Mehmet Özden , Nursima Ünver , Gizem Fındık , Bahar Öz

https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.690423

Abstract

Sürücülerin yayalara yol verme davranışını incelemek üzere saha gözlemleri ve yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakatlar yapılmıştır. 1140 araç-yaya gözlemi sonucunda yapılan Cramer’in V katsayısı ve lojistik regresyon analizleri, sürücü cinsiyeti ve yaya yaşı ile yol verme davranışı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Yaş ve cinsiyetin yanı sıra, sürücü-yaya ilişkisinin doğasını anlamak adına yol özelliklerinin bu ilişkiye etkisi de incelenmiştir. Mülakatlar ise tematik analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiş ve katılımcıların yol verme davranışı ile ilgili düşünceleri 4 tema altında toplanmıştır. Bunlar; "Karşılaşma yerleri", "Kurallara olan güven", "Yol verme davranışını etkileyen faktörler" ve "Geleceğe yönelik çözümler" olarak belirlenmiştir. Hem saha gözlemleri hem de mülakatlar sürücü-yaya ilişkisinin trafik güvenliği ile ilgili önemli bir faktör olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

sürücüler, yayalar, yol verme davranışı, saha çalışması

Yielding the Right of The Way: A Mixed Design Study for Understanding Drivers’ Yielding Behavior

Abstract

To understand drivers’ yielding behavior, field observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Cramer’s V and logistic regression analyses of the field observation on 1140 drivers and pedestrians demonstrated that driver gender and pedestrian age have significant relationships with the tendency to yield the right of way. Other than gender and age, road characteristics were also investigated to understand the nature of this relationship between drivers and pedestrians to a broader extent. From the interviews’ thematic analysis, four themes related to participants' thoughts about yielding behavior were obtained: "Places of Interaction," "Trust in Rules," "Factors Affecting Yielding Behavior", and "Future Solutions." Both the analysis of interviews and the observations showed that driver-pedestrian interaction is an essential factor regarding traffic safety.

Keywords

drivers, pedestrians, yielding behavior, field study

References

• Akoğlu, H. (2018). User's guide to correlation coefficients. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18(3), 91–93. doi: 10.1016/j.tjem.2018.08.001
• Batson, C. D. (1991). The altruism question: Toward a social‐psychological answer. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
• Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101.
• Cosgrove, L., Chaudhary, N., & Reagan, I. (2011). Four high-visibility enforcement demonstration waves in Connecticut and New York reduce hand-held phone use (No. DOT HS 811 845). United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
• Craig, C., Morris, N., Van Houten, R., & Mayou, D. (2019). Pedestrian safety and driver yielding near public transit stops. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2673(1), 514–523.
• Eby, D. W. (2011). Naturalistic Observational Field Techniques for Traffic Psychology Research. In Handbook of Traffic Psychology. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381984-0.10005-0
• Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü. (2019). Araç ve Sürücü Belgesi İstatikleri 2017
• Fitzpatrick, K. (2006). Improving pedestrian safety at unsignalized crossings. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board.
• Geruschat, D. R., & Hassan, S. E. (2005). Driver behavior in yielding to sighted and blind pedestrians at roundabouts. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 99(5), 286–302.
• Harrell, W. (1993a). Older motorist yielding to pedestrians: Are older drivers inattentive and unwilling to stop? The International Journal of Aging And Human Development, 36(2), 115–127.
• Harrell, W. (1993b). The impact of pedestrian visibility and assertiveness on motorist yielding. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133(3), 353–360.
• Hebert Martinez, K., & Porter, B. (2004). The likelihood of becoming a pedestrian fatality and drivers’ knowledge of pedestrian rights and responsibilities in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 7(1), 43–58.
• Jamieson, B. D. (1977). Sex differences among drivers in yielding right-of-way. Psychological Reports, 41(3_suppl), 1243-1248.
• Kirmizioglu, E. (2010). Analysis of comprehension of traffic signs: a pilot study. (Unpublished master's thesis) Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Ma, C., & He, R. (2015). Green wave traffic control system optimization based on adaptive genetic-artificial fish swarm algorithm. Neural Computing and Applications, 31(7), 2073–2083.
• Özkan, T., Puvanachandra, P., Lajunen, T., Hoe, C., & Hyder, A. (2012). The validity of self-reported seatbelt use in a country where levels of use are low. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 47, 75–77. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.01.015
• Rosenbloom, T., Nemrodov, D., & Eliyahu, A. B. (2006). Yielding behavior of Israeli drivers: interaction of age and sex. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 103(2), 387–390.
• Salamati, K., Schroeder, B., Geruschat, D., & Rouphail, N. (2013). Event-based modeling of driver yielding behavior to pedestrians at two-lane roundabout approaches. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2389(1), 1–11.
• Schneider, R., & Sanders, R. (2015). Pedestrian safety practitioners' perspectives of driver yielding behavior across North America. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2519(1), 39–50.
• Shaon, M., Schneider, R., Qin, X., He, Z., Sanatizadeh, A., & Flanagan, M. (2018). Exploration of pedestrian assertiveness and its association with driver yielding behavior at uncontrolled crosswalks. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2672(35), 69–78.
• Şimşekoğlu, Ö., Nordfjærn, T., & Rundmo, T. (2012). Traffic risk perception, road safety attitudes, and behaviors among road users: a comparison of Turkey and Norway. Journal of Risk Research, 15(7), 787–800.
• Thomas, F. D., Blomberg, R. D., Peck, R. C., Cosgrove, L. A., & Salzberg, P. M. (2008). Evaluation of a high visibility enforcement project focused on passenger vehicles interacting with commercial vehicles. Journal of Safety Research, 39(5), 459–468.
• Trafik Kaza ve Denetim İstatistikleri. (2019, August). Retrieved from https://www.pa.edu.tr//Upload/editor/files/Trafik_Kaza_ve_Denetim_İstatistikleri.pdf
• Veevers, J. (1982). Women in the driver's seat: Trends in sex differences in driving and death. Population Research and Policy Review, 1(2), 171–182.
• World Health Organization. (2015). Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health Organization: Geneva.