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The Relationship between Dispositional Affect and Traffic Locus of Control in Driving

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 84 - 95, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.992975

Abstract

The locus of control and dispositional affect of drivers has been claimed to influence driver behaviors. The positive affect and internal locus of control were usually claimed to be related to safety behaviors, whereas negative affect and external locus of control were shown as related to risky behaviors. To investigate the locus of control in the traffic context, multidimensional traffic locus of control (T-LOC) was developed with four dimensions; self, other drivers, vehicle/environment, and fate. In the current study, these four dimensions were used to investigate traffic locus of control. Even though traffic locus of control and affect factors are widely referred to as related to driver behaviors, their relationship has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between drivers' traffic locus of control and dispositional affect. The results showed that positive affect was related to attributing to other drivers and fate rather than their behaviors. On the other hand, negative affect led drivers to attribute causes of accidents to their behavior. The implications of the results, the limitations of the study, and the future directions were discussed.

References

  • Ambak, K., Daniel, B. D., Mamat, Z., Prasetijo, J., & Rohani, M. (2016). The effect locus of control on driving behaviour among malaysian young drivers. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(20), 11812-11814.
  • Anderson, C. R. (1977). Locus of control, coping behaviors, and performance in a stress setting: a longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 446.
  • Asante, E. A., & Affum-Osei, E. (2019). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: The impact of locus of control on aspiring entrepreneurs' opportunity recognition. Journal of Business Research, 98, 227-235.
  • Ashby, F. G., & Isen, A. M. (1999). A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review, 106(3), 529.
  • Bang, H., Chang, M., Lee, C., Kim, S., & Taliaferro, A. (2019). Sport participation, locus of control, and academic performance among early adolescents. Racial and Linguistic Status Differences. Sociological Spectrum, 39(1), 20-39.
  • Beirness, D. J. (1993). Do we really drive as we live? The role of personality factors in road crashes. Alcohol, Drugs & Driving, 9(3-4), 129-143.
  • Beiser, M. (1974). Components and correlates of mental wellbeing. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 320-327.
  • Berg, A. I., Hassing, L. B., Thorvaldsson, V., & Johansson, B. (2011). Personality and personal control make a difference for life satisfaction in the oldest-old: Findings in a longitudinal population-based study of individuals 80 and older. European Journal of Ageing, 8(1), 13-20.
  • Borowsky, A., Shinar, D., & Oron-Gilad, T. (2010). Age, skill, and hazard perception in driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(4), 1240-1249.
  • Brosschot, J. F., Gebhardt, W. A., & Godaert, G. L. (1994). Internal, powerful others and chance locus of control: Relationships with personality, coping, stress and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 16(6), 839-852.
  • Brown, J. D., & Mankowski, T. A. (1993). Self-esteem, mood, and self-evaluation: Changes in mood and the way you see you. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 421– 430. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.64.3.421
  • Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2019). Teenage locus of control, psychological distress, educational qualifications and occupational prestige as well as gender as independent predictors of adult binge drinking. Alcohol, 76, 103-109.
  • Chukwuorji, J. C., Ituma, E. A., & Ugwu, L. E. (2018). Locus of control and academic engagement: Mediating role of religious commitment. Current Psychology, 37(4), 792-802.
  • Dave, H. P., Mesarosova, K., Siegling, A. B., Tremblay, P. F., & Saklofske, D. H. (2019). Assessing locus of control in pilots: Psychometric evaluation of a self-report measure. Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 9(1), 24.
  • Deery, H. A. (1999). Hazard and risk perception among young novice drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 30(4), 225-236.
  • Desmond, P. A., & Matthews, G. (1997). Implications of task-induced fatigue effects for in-vehicle countermeasures to driver fatigue. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 29(4), 515-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(97)00031-6
  • Diehl, M., & Hay, E. L. (2010). Risk and resilience factors in coping with daily stress in adulthood: The role of age, self-concept incoherence, and personal control. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 1132.
  • Doğan, E. B. (2006). Illusion of control, optimism bias and their relationship to risk-taking behaviors of Turkish drivers (Unpublished master's thesis). Middle East Technical University, Ankara
  • Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü. (n.d.). Trafik İstatistik Bülteni. Retrieved October 31, 2021, from http://www.trafik.gov.tr/kurumlar/trafik.gov.tr/04-Istatistik/Aylik/nisan19.pdf.
  • Folkman, S. (1984). Personal control and stress and coping processes: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 839
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647.
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve negatif duygu ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15, 9-26
  • Gianakos, I. (2002). Predictors of coping with work stress: The influences of sex, gender role, social desirability, and locus of control. Sex Roles, 46(5-6), 149-158.
  • Gianfranchi, E., Tagliabue, M., & Vidotto, G. (2018). Personality traits and beliefs about peers' on-road behaviors as predictors of adolescents' moped-riding profiles. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2483.
  • Golding, J., Gregory, S., Ellis, G., Nunes, T., Bryant, P., Iles-Caven, Y., & Nowicki, S. (2019). Maternal Prenatal External Locus of Control and Reduced Mathematical and Science Abilities in Their Offspring: A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 194.
  • Haas, E. J., & Yorio, P. L. (2019). The role of risk avoidance and locus of control in workers' near miss experiences: Implications for improving safety management systems. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 59, 91-99.
  • Hovenkamp-Hermelink, J. H., Jeronimus, B. F., Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., Schoevers, R. A., & Riese, H. (2019). Differential associations of locus of control with anxiety, depression and life-events: A five-wave, nine-year study to test stability and change. Journal of Affective Disorders, 253, 26-34.
  • Hoyt, M. F. (1973). Internal-external control and beliefs about automobile travel. Journal of Research in Personality, 7(3), 288-293.
  • Ifcher, J., & Zarghamee, H. (2014). Affect and overconfidence: A laboratory investigation. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 7(3), 125.
  • Jones, J. W., & Foreman, R. J. (1984). Relationship of HFPSI Safety Scale scores to motor vehicle reports. Technical report. The St. Paul Companies, St. Paul, MN.
  • Karstoft, K. I., Armour, C., Elklit, A., & Solomon, Z. (2015). The role of locus of control and coping style in predicting longitudinal PTSD-trajectories after combat exposure. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 32, 89-94.
  • Kunzmann, U., Little, T., & Smith, J. (2002). Perceiving control: A double-edged sword in old age. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57(6), 484-491.
  • Lawton, R., Parker, D., Manstead, A. S., & Stradling, S. G. (1997). The role of affect in predicting social behaviors: The case of road traffic violations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(14), 1258-1276.
  • Lemarié, L., Bellavance, F., & Chebat, J. C. (2019). Regulatory focus, time perspective, locus of control and sensation seeking as predictors of risky driving behaviors. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 127, 19-27.
  • Machin, M. A., & Hoare, P. N. (2008). The role of workload and driver coping styles in predicting bus drivers’ need for recovery, positive and negative affect, and physical symptoms. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 21(4), 359-375.
  • Măirean, C., Havârneanu, G. M., Popușoi, S. A., & Havarneanu, C. E. (2017). Traffic locus of control scale–Romanian version: psychometric properties and relations to the driver’s personality, risk perception, and driving behavior. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology And Behaviour, 45, 131-146.
  • Montag, I., & Comrey, A. L. (1987). Internality and externality as correlates of involvement in fatal driving accidents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(3), 339.
  • Mulki, J., & Lassk, F. G. (2019). Joint impact of ethical climate and external work locus of control on job meaningfulness. Journal of Business Research, 99, 46-56.
  • Nykänen, M., Salmela-Aro, K., Tolvanen, A., & Vuori, J. (2019). Safety self-efficacy and internal locus of control as mediators of safety motivation–Randomized controlled trial (RCT) study. Safety Science, 117, 330-338.
  • Öz, C. (2016). The Relationship between Traumatic Life Experiences, Locus of Control and Driver Behaviors (master's thesis). Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2005). Multidimensional Traffic Locus of Control Scale (T-LOC): factor structure and relationship to risky driving. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(3), 533-545.
  • Parkes, K. R. (1984). Locus of control, cognitive appraisal, and coping in stressful episodes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(3), 655.
  • Prihadi, K., Tan, C. Y., Tan, R. T., Yong, P. L., Yong, J. H., Tinagaran, S., ... & Tee, Y. J. (2018). Mediation Role of Locus of Control on the Relationship of Learned-Helplessness and Academic Procrastination. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 7(2), 87-93.
  • Radcliff, Z., Al Ghriwati, N., Derlan, C. L., Velazquez, E., Halfond, R., & Corona, R. (2018). The relationship between Latina/o youth's internal health locus of control, cultural factors, and body mass index. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 6(3), 190.
  • Rhodes, N., & Pivik, K. (2010). Age and gender differences in risky driving: The roles of positive affect and risk perception. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(3), 923-931.
  • Robins, R. W., & Beer, J. S. (2001). Positive illusions about the self: Short-term benefits and long-term costs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(2), 340.
  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and applied, 80(1), 1.
  • Rotter, J. B. (1975). Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 56.
  • Rubio, L., Dumitrache, C. G., & Cordon-Pozo, E. (2018). Do past stressful life events and personal control beliefs predict subjective wellbeing in old age? Evidence from a Spanish nationwide representative sample. Ageing & Society, 38(12), 2519-2540.
  • Strickland, B. R. (1978). Internal–external expectancies and health-related behaviors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46(6), 1192.
  • Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., & Yehiel, D. (2012). Driving styles and their associations with personality and motivation. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 416-422.
  • Ulas, O., & Yildirim, I. (2019). Influence of locus of control, perceived career barriers, negative affect, and hopelessness on career decision-making self-efficacy among Turkish university students. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 19(1), 85-109.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063.
  • World Health Organization. (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. World Health Organization.
  • Xiao, Z., Wu, D., & Liao, Z. (2018). Job insecurity and workplace deviance: the moderating role of locus of control. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(10), 1673-1686.

Sürücülerin Genel Duygu Durumu ve Trafik Kontrol Odakları Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 84 - 95, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.992975

Abstract

Sürücülerin kontrol odaklarının ve genel duygu durumlarının sürücü davranışları üzerinde etkisi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Genel olarak, pozitif duygu durumu ve içsel kontrol odağı güvenli davranışlarla ilişkilendirilirken, negatif duygu durumu ve dışsal kontrol odağı riskli davranışlarla ilişkili bulunmuştur. Kontrol odağı faktörünü sürücülük kapsamında incelemek için Çok Boyutlu Trafik Kontrol Odağı Ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Bu ölçekte dört boyut ortaya çıkmıştır; benlik, diğer sürücüler, araç/çevre ve kader oluşturmaktadır. Literatürde genel duygu durumu ve trafikte kontrol odağı faktörlerinin sürücü güvenliği ile ilişkisi sıkça bahsedilmiş olmasına rağmen bu faktörler arasındaki ilişki henüz çalışılmamıştır. Bundan yola çıkarak, çalışmanın amacı sürücülerin trafik kontrol odakları ile duygu durumları arasındaki ilişkini incelemektir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, pozitif duygu durumu, sürücülerin kaza sonuçlarını kendi davranışlarından ziyade diğer sürücüler ve kader faktörlerine atfetmeleri ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Diğer yandan, negatif duygu durumu ise sürücülerin kazaları kendi davranışlarına atfetmesi ile ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar ile birlikte çalışmanın kısıtlılıkları ve gelecek çalışmalar için öneriler tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Ambak, K., Daniel, B. D., Mamat, Z., Prasetijo, J., & Rohani, M. (2016). The effect locus of control on driving behaviour among malaysian young drivers. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(20), 11812-11814.
  • Anderson, C. R. (1977). Locus of control, coping behaviors, and performance in a stress setting: a longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 446.
  • Asante, E. A., & Affum-Osei, E. (2019). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: The impact of locus of control on aspiring entrepreneurs' opportunity recognition. Journal of Business Research, 98, 227-235.
  • Ashby, F. G., & Isen, A. M. (1999). A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review, 106(3), 529.
  • Bang, H., Chang, M., Lee, C., Kim, S., & Taliaferro, A. (2019). Sport participation, locus of control, and academic performance among early adolescents. Racial and Linguistic Status Differences. Sociological Spectrum, 39(1), 20-39.
  • Beirness, D. J. (1993). Do we really drive as we live? The role of personality factors in road crashes. Alcohol, Drugs & Driving, 9(3-4), 129-143.
  • Beiser, M. (1974). Components and correlates of mental wellbeing. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 320-327.
  • Berg, A. I., Hassing, L. B., Thorvaldsson, V., & Johansson, B. (2011). Personality and personal control make a difference for life satisfaction in the oldest-old: Findings in a longitudinal population-based study of individuals 80 and older. European Journal of Ageing, 8(1), 13-20.
  • Borowsky, A., Shinar, D., & Oron-Gilad, T. (2010). Age, skill, and hazard perception in driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(4), 1240-1249.
  • Brosschot, J. F., Gebhardt, W. A., & Godaert, G. L. (1994). Internal, powerful others and chance locus of control: Relationships with personality, coping, stress and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 16(6), 839-852.
  • Brown, J. D., & Mankowski, T. A. (1993). Self-esteem, mood, and self-evaluation: Changes in mood and the way you see you. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 421– 430. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.64.3.421
  • Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2019). Teenage locus of control, psychological distress, educational qualifications and occupational prestige as well as gender as independent predictors of adult binge drinking. Alcohol, 76, 103-109.
  • Chukwuorji, J. C., Ituma, E. A., & Ugwu, L. E. (2018). Locus of control and academic engagement: Mediating role of religious commitment. Current Psychology, 37(4), 792-802.
  • Dave, H. P., Mesarosova, K., Siegling, A. B., Tremblay, P. F., & Saklofske, D. H. (2019). Assessing locus of control in pilots: Psychometric evaluation of a self-report measure. Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 9(1), 24.
  • Deery, H. A. (1999). Hazard and risk perception among young novice drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 30(4), 225-236.
  • Desmond, P. A., & Matthews, G. (1997). Implications of task-induced fatigue effects for in-vehicle countermeasures to driver fatigue. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 29(4), 515-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(97)00031-6
  • Diehl, M., & Hay, E. L. (2010). Risk and resilience factors in coping with daily stress in adulthood: The role of age, self-concept incoherence, and personal control. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 1132.
  • Doğan, E. B. (2006). Illusion of control, optimism bias and their relationship to risk-taking behaviors of Turkish drivers (Unpublished master's thesis). Middle East Technical University, Ankara
  • Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü. (n.d.). Trafik İstatistik Bülteni. Retrieved October 31, 2021, from http://www.trafik.gov.tr/kurumlar/trafik.gov.tr/04-Istatistik/Aylik/nisan19.pdf.
  • Folkman, S. (1984). Personal control and stress and coping processes: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 839
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647.
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve negatif duygu ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15, 9-26
  • Gianakos, I. (2002). Predictors of coping with work stress: The influences of sex, gender role, social desirability, and locus of control. Sex Roles, 46(5-6), 149-158.
  • Gianfranchi, E., Tagliabue, M., & Vidotto, G. (2018). Personality traits and beliefs about peers' on-road behaviors as predictors of adolescents' moped-riding profiles. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2483.
  • Golding, J., Gregory, S., Ellis, G., Nunes, T., Bryant, P., Iles-Caven, Y., & Nowicki, S. (2019). Maternal Prenatal External Locus of Control and Reduced Mathematical and Science Abilities in Their Offspring: A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 194.
  • Haas, E. J., & Yorio, P. L. (2019). The role of risk avoidance and locus of control in workers' near miss experiences: Implications for improving safety management systems. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 59, 91-99.
  • Hovenkamp-Hermelink, J. H., Jeronimus, B. F., Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., Schoevers, R. A., & Riese, H. (2019). Differential associations of locus of control with anxiety, depression and life-events: A five-wave, nine-year study to test stability and change. Journal of Affective Disorders, 253, 26-34.
  • Hoyt, M. F. (1973). Internal-external control and beliefs about automobile travel. Journal of Research in Personality, 7(3), 288-293.
  • Ifcher, J., & Zarghamee, H. (2014). Affect and overconfidence: A laboratory investigation. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 7(3), 125.
  • Jones, J. W., & Foreman, R. J. (1984). Relationship of HFPSI Safety Scale scores to motor vehicle reports. Technical report. The St. Paul Companies, St. Paul, MN.
  • Karstoft, K. I., Armour, C., Elklit, A., & Solomon, Z. (2015). The role of locus of control and coping style in predicting longitudinal PTSD-trajectories after combat exposure. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 32, 89-94.
  • Kunzmann, U., Little, T., & Smith, J. (2002). Perceiving control: A double-edged sword in old age. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57(6), 484-491.
  • Lawton, R., Parker, D., Manstead, A. S., & Stradling, S. G. (1997). The role of affect in predicting social behaviors: The case of road traffic violations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(14), 1258-1276.
  • Lemarié, L., Bellavance, F., & Chebat, J. C. (2019). Regulatory focus, time perspective, locus of control and sensation seeking as predictors of risky driving behaviors. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 127, 19-27.
  • Machin, M. A., & Hoare, P. N. (2008). The role of workload and driver coping styles in predicting bus drivers’ need for recovery, positive and negative affect, and physical symptoms. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 21(4), 359-375.
  • Măirean, C., Havârneanu, G. M., Popușoi, S. A., & Havarneanu, C. E. (2017). Traffic locus of control scale–Romanian version: psychometric properties and relations to the driver’s personality, risk perception, and driving behavior. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology And Behaviour, 45, 131-146.
  • Montag, I., & Comrey, A. L. (1987). Internality and externality as correlates of involvement in fatal driving accidents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(3), 339.
  • Mulki, J., & Lassk, F. G. (2019). Joint impact of ethical climate and external work locus of control on job meaningfulness. Journal of Business Research, 99, 46-56.
  • Nykänen, M., Salmela-Aro, K., Tolvanen, A., & Vuori, J. (2019). Safety self-efficacy and internal locus of control as mediators of safety motivation–Randomized controlled trial (RCT) study. Safety Science, 117, 330-338.
  • Öz, C. (2016). The Relationship between Traumatic Life Experiences, Locus of Control and Driver Behaviors (master's thesis). Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2005). Multidimensional Traffic Locus of Control Scale (T-LOC): factor structure and relationship to risky driving. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(3), 533-545.
  • Parkes, K. R. (1984). Locus of control, cognitive appraisal, and coping in stressful episodes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(3), 655.
  • Prihadi, K., Tan, C. Y., Tan, R. T., Yong, P. L., Yong, J. H., Tinagaran, S., ... & Tee, Y. J. (2018). Mediation Role of Locus of Control on the Relationship of Learned-Helplessness and Academic Procrastination. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 7(2), 87-93.
  • Radcliff, Z., Al Ghriwati, N., Derlan, C. L., Velazquez, E., Halfond, R., & Corona, R. (2018). The relationship between Latina/o youth's internal health locus of control, cultural factors, and body mass index. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 6(3), 190.
  • Rhodes, N., & Pivik, K. (2010). Age and gender differences in risky driving: The roles of positive affect and risk perception. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(3), 923-931.
  • Robins, R. W., & Beer, J. S. (2001). Positive illusions about the self: Short-term benefits and long-term costs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(2), 340.
  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and applied, 80(1), 1.
  • Rotter, J. B. (1975). Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 56.
  • Rubio, L., Dumitrache, C. G., & Cordon-Pozo, E. (2018). Do past stressful life events and personal control beliefs predict subjective wellbeing in old age? Evidence from a Spanish nationwide representative sample. Ageing & Society, 38(12), 2519-2540.
  • Strickland, B. R. (1978). Internal–external expectancies and health-related behaviors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46(6), 1192.
  • Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., & Yehiel, D. (2012). Driving styles and their associations with personality and motivation. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 416-422.
  • Ulas, O., & Yildirim, I. (2019). Influence of locus of control, perceived career barriers, negative affect, and hopelessness on career decision-making self-efficacy among Turkish university students. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 19(1), 85-109.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063.
  • World Health Organization. (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. World Health Organization.
  • Xiao, Z., Wu, D., & Liao, Z. (2018). Job insecurity and workplace deviance: the moderating role of locus of control. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(10), 1673-1686.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Burcu Arslan 0000-0001-8917-3773

Publication Date October 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Arslan, B. (2021). The Relationship between Dispositional Affect and Traffic Locus of Control in Driving. Trafik Ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 84-95. https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.992975