Bu makalenin konusu, Keraitai’den Burdur Müzesi’ne getirilen Herme amuletidir. Kent, Pisidia Bölgesi’nin dağlık kentlerinden biridir. Müze yetkilileri tarafından kentten getirildiği belirlenen amulet figürü, 1973 yılında müze yönetim kurulu kararı ile satın alınmıştır. Antik Çağ’da Eski Mısır, Fenike, Akdeniz, Anadolu ve Kıta Yunanistan’da ilahi nesnelerin veya çeşitli hayvan figürlerinin amulet şeklinde kullanılması yaygın bir gelenektir. Bu durumun oluşmasında Akdeniz ticaretinin yanı sıra Ptolemaios Krallığı’nın Anadolu’daki faaliyetlerinin de rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Ancak tanrı Hermes’in minyatürleri şeklinde yapılmış sembolik Herme amuleti örnekleri oldukça nadirdir; Herme amuleti bu anlamda önemli bir eserdir. Anadolu’da bulunan ve aynı amaçla kullanılmış amuletlerden tip olarak farklıdır. Bu nedenle eserin tarihsel bağlamı belirlenirken Anadolu dışında bulunmuş ve farklı dönemlere ait benzer örneklerle üslup karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda seramik, heykel, cam, sikke ve mezar stelleri üzerine yapılan Herm örnekleri ile pişmiş toprak ve bronz Herm figürleri örnek olarak kullanılmıştır. Atina’nın her yerinde bulunan itifallik Hermes anıtlarının minyatür bir versiyonudur. Fallus şeklindedir ve antropomorfik bir kafaya sahiptir. Arkasında asmak için ip deliği mevcuttur. Bu nesne, kötü ruhları kovmak ve korunmak için boyuna takılır. Apotropaik (ἀποτρόπαιος) bir nesnedir. Saç ve sakal özelliklerinin Arkaistik, fallus tipinin ise Klasik Dönem özelliklerini taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Güçlü ve dolgun saç ve sakal birbirinin devamı olarak yapılmıştır. Gözler, burun ve ağız düzgün bir aksda yerleştirilmiştir. İfadeli bir görünüme sahiptir. Yüz profilinde sakinlik ve derinlik var; bir olay hakkında düşünme ve odaklanma hakimdir. Bu özelliklerin Helenistik Dönem sanatının olgun ve gerçekçi yönleriyle birleştirilerek Herm amuletinde uygulandığı ortaya koyulmuştur. Ayrıca Ptolemaios Krallığı döneminde yaygın olarak üretildiği ve kullanıldığı göz önüne alındığında, bu tipteki taşınabilir objeleri Helenistik Dönem olarak sınıflandırmak uygun olacaktır.
The subject of this article is the Herm amulet brought to Burdur Museum from Ceraitai. The city is one of the mountainous cities of the Pisidia Region. The amulet figure, which was determined to be brought from the city by museum officials, was purchased in 1973 by the decision of the museum board. In ancient Egypt, Phoenicia, Mediterranean, Anatolia, and Greece, the use of divine objects or various animal figures in the form of amulets was a common tradition. It has been determined that the operations of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Anatolia, as well as Mediterranean trade, played a role in the establishment of this situation. However, examples of symbolic Herm amulets made in the form of miniatures of the god Hermes are extremely rare; the Herme amulet is an important artifact in this sense. It is different in type from the amulets found in Anatolian studies and used for the same purpose. Therefore, while determining the historical context of the work, stylistic comparisons were made with similar examples from outside Anatolia and from different periods. Herm samples formed on terracotta and bronze herm figures and pottery, sculpture, glass, coins, and grave steles were employed in this context. It is a miniature version of the ithyphallic Hermes monuments found throughout Athens. It is phallus-shaped and has an anthropomorphic head. On the back, there is a thread hole for hanging it. This object is worn around the neck to ward off evil spirits and for protection. It is an apotropaic (ἀποτρόπαιος) object. It has been determined that the hair and beard features have Archaic features, while the phallus type has Classical Period features. Strong and full hair and beard are created as a continuation of one another. The eyes, nose, and mouth are placed in a straight axis. Has an impressive appearance. There is calmness and depth in his facial profile; focus and thinking about an event. It has been determined that these features were combined with the mature and realistic aspects of Hellenistic Period art and applied to the Herm amulet. Moreover, considering that they were widely produced and used during the Ptolemaic Kingdom, it would be suitable to classify portable objects of this type as the Hellenistic Period.
Primary Language | English |
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Subjects | Cultural Studies |
Journal Section | Araştırma Makalesi |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 31, 2023 |
Submission Date | April 13, 2022 |
Published in Issue | Year 2023 Issue: 28 |
Publisher
Vedat Dalokay Caddesi No: 112 Çankaya 06670 ANKARA
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