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KÜLTÜREL KAYNAK OLARAK KAMUSAL MEKÂN

Year 2019, Issue: 19, 133 - 144, 01.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.2019.19.008

Abstract

Bosna-Hersek çok etnikli yapısıyla bilinmektedir. Ülkenin nüfusu üç ana etnik gruptan oluşmaktadır: Boşnaklar Bosnalı Müslümanlar , Hırvatlar Bosnalı Katolikler ve Sırplar Boşnak Ortodokslar . Tarih boyunca bu grupların ilişkileri, birlik ve beraberlik içinde yaşamaktan gerginlikler ve silahlı çatışmaya kadar farklılık göstermiştir. 1992- 1995 yılları arasındaki savaş, bölgedeki üç etnik grup arasındaki en kötü krizlerden birine neden olmuştur. 2004 Yılında kentin yeniden yapılandırma çalışmalarından beklenen, ülkenin yeni bir ortak kimliğinin tanımlanmasını teşvik edeceği yönündeydi. Oysa bugün, -savaşın nerdeyse 25 yıl sonrasında - birçok şehirde savaşın sonuçlarının izdüşümünü görmek sadece binaların veya mekânların mevcut durumunu gözlemleyerek değil, aynı zamanda kamusal alanın bu şehirlerde ne yöne doğru geliştiğini gözlemleyerek mümkündür. Bu doğrultuda kentte mevcut durumun sosyal etkileşimi anlamak ilginç sonuçlar doğurabilir. Bu kapsamda çalışma, göze çarpan bir kültürel mirasa sahip olan ancak aynı zamanda bu tarihi alanlara sahip olmanın sonuçları nedeniyle acı çeken kent olarak bilinen Mostar’daki sosyo-mekânsal ilişkileri incelemektedir. Makale, konuyu 2013 yılında yürütülen bir yüksek lisans tezi üzerinden detaylandırmak ve tanımlanmış iki ana etnik gruplarının bulunduğu mekânsal ortam içinde sosyo-mekânsal yapılarını inceleyerek benzerlikleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Dolaysıyla bu çalışmada hedef, grup farklılıklarına rağmen Mostar bağlamında ortak bir kamusal alan tanımı yapabilmektir.

References

  • ALTMAN, I., & CHEMERS, M. M. (1980). Culture and Environment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • BENDIX, R. (1977). Max Weber: an intellectual portrait. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • CALAME, J. & CHARLESWORTH, E. (2009). Divided cities: Belfast, Beirut, Jerusalem, Mostar, and Nicosia, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • CORVALAN, A. & VARGAS, M. (2015). Segregation and Conflict: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Development Economics, 116 (C), 212–222. doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.05.002
  • D’ALESSIO, V. (2007) Divided and Contested Cities in Modern European History. The Example of Mostar, Bosnia-Herzegovina. In Divided and Contested Cities, 451-478.
  • ESTEBAN, J., MAYORAL, L. & RAY, D. (2012). Ethnicity and Conflict: An Empirical Study. American Economic Review, 102(4), 1310-1342. doi: 10.1257/ aer.102.4.1310
  • GEHL, J. (2006). Life between Buildings: Using Public Space (J. Koch, Trans.). Copenhagen: The Danish Architectural Press.
  • HILLIER, B. (1998). Space is the Machine: A Configurational Theory of Architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HILLIER, B. (2008) Space and Spatiality: What the Built Environment needs from Social Theory. The International Journal of Research, Development and Demonstration, 36(3), 216-230. doi: 10.1080/09613210801928073
  • JACOBS, J. (1961). The Death of Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
  • LOZANO, E. E. (1993). Community Design and the Culture of Cities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • LUCHETTA, A. (2009). Mostar and the Loss of its (partial) Uniqueness: A History, 1990-2009. Geneve: Geneve University
  • LYNCH, K. (1960). The Image of the City. Cambridge: MA Joint Center for Urban Studies.
  • MITCHELL, D. (2003) The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space. New York: Guilford Press.
  • PAŠIĆ, A. (2004). A Short History of Mostar. Conservation and Revitalization of Historic Mostar, 5-12. Geneve: The Aga Khan Trust for Culture.
  • RAPOPORT, A. (1977). Human Aspects of Urban Form. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd,.
  • TUAN, Y. (1977). Space and Place; The Perspective of Experience, Minneapolis: University of Minesota.
  • WHYTE, W. (1980). The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. New York: Project for Public Spaces.
  • YARWOOD, J. (1999). Rebuilding Mostar: Urban Reconstruction in a War Zone. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • ZIVALI, T. (2013). Bridging the Bulevar; Transforming the Former Frontline in Mostar by Using the Existing Public Space in the City. Delft: TU Delft.

PUBLIC SPACE AS CULTURAL RESOURCE

Year 2019, Issue: 19, 133 - 144, 01.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.2019.19.008

Abstract

Bosnia and Herzegovina is known by its multi-ethnic structure. The country’s population consists of three major ethnic groups: Bosniacs Bosnian Muslims , Croats Bosnian Catholics and Serbs Bosnian Orthodox . Their relation through history varies, ranging from co-existence and respect to tensions and armed conflict. The armed conflict between 1992-1995 was one of the worst crises between the three ethnicities within the region. The hope was that the rebuilding in 2004 will encourage the definition of a new common identity of the country. Today, -for almost 25 years after war- in a lot of cities the consequences of the war are still remarkable; not only by observing the condition of buildings or spaces, but also in the way the public sphere has developed in these cities. It is interesting to understand this social interaction. Therefore, this paper investigates socio-spatial relations in Mostar, owning a remarkable cultural heritage but also known as the city which suffered due the consequences of having these historical sites. The research elaborates on the ethnographic study conducted as a part of a master thesis conducted in 2013. It aims at discovering the similarities between the two existing major ethnic groups regarding the spatial setting they belong through examining the socio-spatial patterns of each interest group. The objective is to seek for a common definition of public space in the context of Mostar despite of the ethnic differences

References

  • ALTMAN, I., & CHEMERS, M. M. (1980). Culture and Environment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • BENDIX, R. (1977). Max Weber: an intellectual portrait. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • CALAME, J. & CHARLESWORTH, E. (2009). Divided cities: Belfast, Beirut, Jerusalem, Mostar, and Nicosia, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • CORVALAN, A. & VARGAS, M. (2015). Segregation and Conflict: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Development Economics, 116 (C), 212–222. doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.05.002
  • D’ALESSIO, V. (2007) Divided and Contested Cities in Modern European History. The Example of Mostar, Bosnia-Herzegovina. In Divided and Contested Cities, 451-478.
  • ESTEBAN, J., MAYORAL, L. & RAY, D. (2012). Ethnicity and Conflict: An Empirical Study. American Economic Review, 102(4), 1310-1342. doi: 10.1257/ aer.102.4.1310
  • GEHL, J. (2006). Life between Buildings: Using Public Space (J. Koch, Trans.). Copenhagen: The Danish Architectural Press.
  • HILLIER, B. (1998). Space is the Machine: A Configurational Theory of Architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HILLIER, B. (2008) Space and Spatiality: What the Built Environment needs from Social Theory. The International Journal of Research, Development and Demonstration, 36(3), 216-230. doi: 10.1080/09613210801928073
  • JACOBS, J. (1961). The Death of Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
  • LOZANO, E. E. (1993). Community Design and the Culture of Cities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • LUCHETTA, A. (2009). Mostar and the Loss of its (partial) Uniqueness: A History, 1990-2009. Geneve: Geneve University
  • LYNCH, K. (1960). The Image of the City. Cambridge: MA Joint Center for Urban Studies.
  • MITCHELL, D. (2003) The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space. New York: Guilford Press.
  • PAŠIĆ, A. (2004). A Short History of Mostar. Conservation and Revitalization of Historic Mostar, 5-12. Geneve: The Aga Khan Trust for Culture.
  • RAPOPORT, A. (1977). Human Aspects of Urban Form. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd,.
  • TUAN, Y. (1977). Space and Place; The Perspective of Experience, Minneapolis: University of Minesota.
  • WHYTE, W. (1980). The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. New York: Project for Public Spaces.
  • YARWOOD, J. (1999). Rebuilding Mostar: Urban Reconstruction in a War Zone. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • ZIVALI, T. (2013). Bridging the Bulevar; Transforming the Former Frontline in Mostar by Using the Existing Public Space in the City. Delft: TU Delft.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tülay Zıvalı Turhan

Publication Date March 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 19

Cite

APA Zıvalı Turhan, T. (2019). PUBLIC SPACE AS CULTURAL RESOURCE. TÜBA-KED Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Kültür Envanteri Dergisi(19), 133-144. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.2019.19.008

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