18. YÜZYIL VE ERKEN 19. YÜZYIL BATI-AVRUPA BAHÇELERİNDE TURQUERIE

Year 2011, Issue: 9, 171 - 179, 01.09.2011

Eeva Ruoff

Abstract

Türk çadırları ve Türk etkili yapıların görsel etkisi, 18. yüzyıl ve erken 19. yüzyıl Batı-Avrupa bahçeleri için önem­li bir unsurdur. Aydınlanmış Avrupalıların Türkiye 'ye genel ilgisi Türk müziği ve maskeleri örneklerinde oldu­ğu gibi başka birçok şekilde kendini göstermektedir. Çadırlar muhtemelen Türk ordusu kaliteli çadırları ile ünlü olduğundan Türkiye için bir referans olarak seçil­miş olmalıdır. Ancak kumaştan yapılan çadırlar - bilinen nedenlerden dolayı- diğer bahçe yapıları gibi günü­müze gelememiştir. Buna karşın, ayakta kalabilmiş veya yeniden inşa edilmiş olan "Türk" binaları, örneğin köşkler, "camiler" ve pavyonlar bulunmaktadır."Türk" tarzı yapılar ayrıca ideolojik nedenlerle de tercih edilmiştir. Bu yapıların bahçeyi ziyarete gelenlere ilk ola­rak masonlar ve Rosicrucians örgütü tarafından Gül-Haç Örgütü ortaya konan insanların eşit ve kardeş oldu­ğu şeklindeki büyük öğretiyi hatırlatmak için tercih edildiği de olmuştur. Bu oluşumların üyeleri antik erdemin, özellikle de matematikin Doğu Akdeniz havzasında yaşayan insanlar tarafından geliştirildiğine inanmaktaydı.

Keywords

18. yüzyıl, 19. yüzyıl, Avrupa, bahçe, Turquerie

TURQUERIE IN THE WEST-EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE GARDENS IN THE 18 th AND IN THE EARLY 19 th CENTURIES

Abstract

"Turkish" tents and other Turkish inspired buildings were time and again set up at visually important points in the West-European landscape gardens in the 18th century and in the early 19th century. They reflected the gen­eral interest for Turkey felt among the more enlightened Europeans that manifested itself also in many other ways, e.g. Turkish music and Turkish masquerades. Tents were probably chosen as references for Turkey, because the tents of the Turkish army were renowned for their high quality. Yet, the tents made of fabric have -for obvious reasons - not survived as well as other garden buildings of the era. Therefore little research has so far been done on their role in the landscape gardens. In some gardens there were, however, also other "Turkish" buildings, for instance kiosks, "mosques" and pavilions that survived for a longer time, still exist or have occasionally been reconstructed. There can also have been further, ideological reasons for the "Turkish" buildings. They may sometimes have been erected to remind the garden visitors of the lofty principle that all people are brothers and equals - ideas first formulated by the freemasons and Rosicrucians. The members of these societies also believed that much of the ancient wisdom, especially mathematics, had been developed by the peoples living in the East Mediterranean area

Keywords

18th century, 19th century, Europe, garden, Turquer

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