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Phytochemical Content of Garcinia Mangostana Linn. Peels Methanol-Chloroform Extract and Pyrolysis Liquid

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 53 - 59, 22.05.2024

Abstract

Garcinia mangostana Linn. (GML), also known as mangosteen, is a tropical fruit and is called the “Queen of Fruits” and “King of Fruits” in some Southeast Asian countries. While GML fruit is used as a therapeutic supplement in traditional medicine and a food ingredient in Southeast Asian cuisine, the peel of GML plant is used as a natural dye. Although GML fruits contain many bioactive compounds, the peel of the fruit, which accumulates in the environment and becomes waste as a result of consumption and processing, becomes a factor that increases air pollution due to the foul-smelling compounds they emit. In this study, the phytochemical content of fruit peel, which has negative effects as waste, was analyzed. LC-MS/MS results showed that the main components of the fruit peel extract were vanillic acid, baicalein, and vanillin compounds. As a result of the GC-MS/MS analysis, the presence of high levels of palmitic and stearic acid in the GML peel was determined. Additionally, it was observed that the phytochemical contents changed significantly in the pyrolyzed samples of the peel. In particular, LC-MS/MS results showed that GML peel has a high commercial potential thanks to the bioactive compounds it contains.

References

  • 1. Ansori ANM, Fadholly A, Hayaza S, Susilo RJK, Inayatillah B, Winarni D, Husen SA. A review on medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020;13(2):974-82.
  • 2. Başar Y, Gül F, Nas MS, Alma MH, Çalımlı MH. Investigation of value-added compounds derived from oak wood using hydrothermal processing techniques and comprehensive analytical approaches (HPLC, GC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR). International Journal of Chemistry and Technology.8(1):53-61.
  • 3. Başar Y, Yenigün S, Fatih G, Tevfik O, Demirtas İ, Alma MH, Temel S. Phytochemical profiling, molecular docking and ADMET prediction of crude extract of Atriplex nitens Schkuhr for the screening of antioxidant and urease inhibitory. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology.
  • 4. Başar Y, Yenigün S, İpek Y, Behçet L, Gül F, Özen T, Demirtaş İ. DNA protection, molecular docking, enzyme inhibition and enzyme kinetic studies of 1, 5, 9-epideoxyloganic acid isolated from Nepeta aristata with bio-guided fractionation. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 2023:1-14.
  • 5. Ertaş M, Alma MH. Pyrolysis of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) extraction residues in a fixed-bed reactor: Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2010;88(1):22-9.
  • 6. Harimawan A, Shofinita D, Valentino V, Jesica, Achmadi AB. The potential of mangosteen peel as a biosorbent: A review. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 2024: e14330.
  • 7. Ibarra D, del Río JC, Gutiérrez A, Rodríguez IM, Romero J, Martínez MJ, Martínez ÁT. Chemical characterization of residual lignins from eucalypt paper pulps. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2005;74(1-2):116-22.
  • 8. İpek Y, Başar Y, Yenigün S, Behçet L, Özen T, Demirtaş İ. In vitro bioactivities and in silico enzyme interactions of abietatrien-3-β-ol by bio-guided isolation from Nepeta italica subsp. italica. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 2024:1-24.
  • 9. Kim J-S, Choi G-G. Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for biochemical production. Waste Biorefinery: Elsevier; 2018. p. 323-48.
  • 10. Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Orozco-Ibarra M, Pérez-Rojas JM. Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). Food and chemical toxicology. 2008;46(10):3227-39.
  • 11. Salan T, Alma MH, Altuntaş E. The fuel properties of pyrolytic oils obtained from catalytic pyrolysis of non-recyclable pulper rejects using activated natural minerals. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 2019;41(12):1460-73.
  • 12. Suttirak W, Manurakchinakorn S. In vitro antioxidant properties of mangosteen peel extract. Journal of food science and technology. 2014; 51:3546-58.
  • 13. Yenigün S, Başar Y, İpek Y, Behçet L, Özen T, Demirtaş İ. Determination of antioxidant, DNA protection, enzyme inhibition potential and molecular docking studies of a biomarker ursolic acid in Nepeta species. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 2023:1-18.
  • 14. Zadernowski R, Czaplicki S, Naczk M. Phenolic acid profiles of mangosteen fruits (Garcinia mangostana). Food Chemistry. 2009;112(3):685-9.

Garcinia Mangostana Linn. Kabuğunun Metanol-Kloroform Ekstraktı ve Piroliz Sıvısının Fitokimyasal İçeriği

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 53 - 59, 22.05.2024

Abstract

Garcinia mangostana Linn., Mangostan olarak da bilinen (GML), tropik bir meyve olup bazı Güneydoğu Asya ülkelerinde “Meyvelerin Kraliçesi” ve “Meyvelerin Kralı” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. GML meyvesi geleneksel tıpta tedavi edici bir takviye ve Güneydoğu Asya mutfağında bir gıda maddesi olarak kullanılırken, GML bitkisinin kabuğu doğal bir boya olarak kullanılmaktadır. GML meyveleri birçok biyoaktif bileşik içermesine rağmen tüketim ve işlenme sonucu çevrede biriken ve atık haline gelen meyvenin kabuğu, yaydığı kötü kokulu bileşikler nedeniyle hava kirliliğini artıran bir faktör haline gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada atık olarak olumsuz etkileri olan meyve kabuğunun fitokimyasal içeriği analiz edilmiştir. LC-MS/MS sonuçlarına göre, meyve kabuğu ekstraktının ana bileşenlerinin vanilik asit, baicalein ve vanilin bileşikleri olduğunu gösterdi. GC-MS/MS analizi sonucunda GML kabuğunda yüksek düzeyde paltimik ve stearik asit varlığı belirlendi. Ayrıca kabuğun piroliz örneklerinde fitokimyasal içeriklerin önemli ölçüde değiştiği gözlendi. Özellikle LC-MS/MS sonuçlarında, GML kabuğunun içerdiği biyoaktif bileşikler sayesinde yüksek bir ticari potansiyele sahip olduğunu gösterdi.

References

  • 1. Ansori ANM, Fadholly A, Hayaza S, Susilo RJK, Inayatillah B, Winarni D, Husen SA. A review on medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020;13(2):974-82.
  • 2. Başar Y, Gül F, Nas MS, Alma MH, Çalımlı MH. Investigation of value-added compounds derived from oak wood using hydrothermal processing techniques and comprehensive analytical approaches (HPLC, GC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR). International Journal of Chemistry and Technology.8(1):53-61.
  • 3. Başar Y, Yenigün S, Fatih G, Tevfik O, Demirtas İ, Alma MH, Temel S. Phytochemical profiling, molecular docking and ADMET prediction of crude extract of Atriplex nitens Schkuhr for the screening of antioxidant and urease inhibitory. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology.
  • 4. Başar Y, Yenigün S, İpek Y, Behçet L, Gül F, Özen T, Demirtaş İ. DNA protection, molecular docking, enzyme inhibition and enzyme kinetic studies of 1, 5, 9-epideoxyloganic acid isolated from Nepeta aristata with bio-guided fractionation. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 2023:1-14.
  • 5. Ertaş M, Alma MH. Pyrolysis of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) extraction residues in a fixed-bed reactor: Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2010;88(1):22-9.
  • 6. Harimawan A, Shofinita D, Valentino V, Jesica, Achmadi AB. The potential of mangosteen peel as a biosorbent: A review. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 2024: e14330.
  • 7. Ibarra D, del Río JC, Gutiérrez A, Rodríguez IM, Romero J, Martínez MJ, Martínez ÁT. Chemical characterization of residual lignins from eucalypt paper pulps. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2005;74(1-2):116-22.
  • 8. İpek Y, Başar Y, Yenigün S, Behçet L, Özen T, Demirtaş İ. In vitro bioactivities and in silico enzyme interactions of abietatrien-3-β-ol by bio-guided isolation from Nepeta italica subsp. italica. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 2024:1-24.
  • 9. Kim J-S, Choi G-G. Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for biochemical production. Waste Biorefinery: Elsevier; 2018. p. 323-48.
  • 10. Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Orozco-Ibarra M, Pérez-Rojas JM. Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). Food and chemical toxicology. 2008;46(10):3227-39.
  • 11. Salan T, Alma MH, Altuntaş E. The fuel properties of pyrolytic oils obtained from catalytic pyrolysis of non-recyclable pulper rejects using activated natural minerals. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 2019;41(12):1460-73.
  • 12. Suttirak W, Manurakchinakorn S. In vitro antioxidant properties of mangosteen peel extract. Journal of food science and technology. 2014; 51:3546-58.
  • 13. Yenigün S, Başar Y, İpek Y, Behçet L, Özen T, Demirtaş İ. Determination of antioxidant, DNA protection, enzyme inhibition potential and molecular docking studies of a biomarker ursolic acid in Nepeta species. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 2023:1-18.
  • 14. Zadernowski R, Czaplicki S, Naczk M. Phenolic acid profiles of mangosteen fruits (Garcinia mangostana). Food Chemistry. 2009;112(3):685-9.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Organic Chemistry (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatih Gül 0000-0002-4297-786X

Yunus Başar 0000-0002-7785-3242

Mehmet Hakkı Alma 0000-0001-6323-7230

Publication Date May 22, 2024
Submission Date April 18, 2024
Acceptance Date May 7, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Gül F, Başar Y, Alma MH. Phytochemical Content of Garcinia Mangostana Linn. Peels Methanol-Chloroform Extract and Pyrolysis Liquid. TUBID. 2024;5(1):53-9.