Deneysel Diyabetik Nefropatide Böbrek Hasarının Değerlendirilmesinde Histopatolojik Skorlama Sistemleri

Abstract

Diyabetik nefropati (DN) diyabetin en sık görülen mikrovasküler komplikasyonlarından biridir ve son dönem böbrek yetmezliğine yol açan nedenlerin başında gelmektedir. Günümüzde DN, dünya çapında diyabetli önemli sayıda kişiyi etkilemektedir ve kronik böbrek hastalığı olan hastaların yaklaşık üçte birini oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle DN gelişiminin mümkün olan en erken dönemde tanınması, gerekli tedavilerle hastalığın önlenmesi ya da gelişiminin yavaşlatılması son derece önemlidir. DN’nin histopatolojik değerlendirilmesi, hastalığın evrelerini belirleyerek doğru tedavi yaklaşımının uygulanabilmesi açısından son derece önemlidir. DN’nin erken dönemde glomerül ve tübül bazal membranlarının kalınlaşması, glomerül mezangiumunda ekstrasellüler matriks elemanlarının birikmesi, glomerül ve tübül epitellerinde hipertrofi ile ilgili yapısal değişimleri içerdiği açıklanmıştır. DN’nin anlaşılabilmesi için, gözlenen patolojik değişikliklerin puanlanarak semikantitatif veya kantitatif verilere dönüştürülerek istatiksel analiz yapılması oldukça önemlidir. Fakat farklı hayvan türlerinin ve farklı deneysel DN modellerinin varlığı, bu skorlama yöntemlerinde karışıklığa neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, DN deneysel modelleri için kullanılan histopatolojik skorlama sistemleri, son on yılda PubMed veritabanında yürütülen çalışmalarda ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, deneysel DN hayvan modellerinde gözlenen böbrek doku hasarını değerlendirmek için kullanılan farklı parametreler ve skorlama sistemlerine ilişkin kapsamlı bir kılavuz sunmaktır.

Keywords

• Diyabetik nefropati
• Histopatoloji
• Böbrek
• Skor

Supporting Institution

BEUN Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (Proje No: 2023-98210206-05) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

BEUN BAP Proje No: 2023-98210206-05

Ethical Statement

Derleme türünde bir çalışma olduğu için etik kurul oluru gerekmemiştir.

Thanks

Bu derlemenin hazırlanma sürecinde katkı ve değerlendirmeleriyle çalışmamızın gelişimine destek olan sayın editör ve hakemlerimize teşekkür ederiz.

Histopathological Scoring Systems in the Assessment of Renal Damage in Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Currently, DN affects a significant number of people with diabetes worldwide and accounts for approximately one-third of patients with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, early diagnosis of DN is crucial for preventing or slowing its progression through appropriate treatment. Histopathological evaluation of DN is extremely important for determining the stages of the disease and applying the correct treatment approach. Early stages of DN are characterized by thickening of the glomerular and tubular basement membranes, accumulation of extracellular matrix elements in the glomerular mesangium, and structural changes related to hypertrophy in the glomerular and tubular epithelia. Understanding DN requires statistical analysis by scoring the observed pathological changes and converting them into semi-quantitative or quantitative data. However, the existence of different animal species and different experimental DN models leads to confusion in these scoring methods. Therefore, histopathological scoring systems used for experimental DN models have been examined in detail in studies conducted in the PubMed database over the last decade. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive guide to the different parameters and scoring systems used to assess kidney tissue damage observed in experimental DN animal models.

Keywords

• Diabetic nephropathy
• Histopathology
• Kidney
• Score

Supporting Institution

This project was supported by BEUN Scientific Research Projects (Project No: 2023-98210206-05).

Project Number

BEUN BAP Proje No: 2023-98210206-05

Ethical Statement

Since this is a review study, ethical committee approval was not required.

Thanks

We would like to thank our esteemed editors and reviewers for their contributions and evaluations during the preparation of this compilation, which supported the development of our work.

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