Diabetes Mellitus’ta Mikrobiyotanın Rolü ve Hedeflenmesi

Abstract

İnsanlarda çoğu kalın bağırsakta olmak üzere 100 trilyonun üzerinde mikrobiyal hücre bulunmaktadır ve bu organizmaların tamamı bağırsak mikrobiyotası olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası gastrointestinal mukoza geçirgenliğinde, bağırsak hormonlarının salımında ve polisakkaritlerin fermantasyonu ve emiliminde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Buna ek olarak bağırsak mikrobiyotası konak bağışıklık sisteminde, inflamatuvar süreçlerin düzenlenmesinde ve besinlerden enerji üretilmesinde önemli bir role sahiptir. Sağlıklı bağırsak mikrobiyotasında simbiyotik ve patojen bakteriler denge hâlinde bulunmaktadır. Bu dengenin bozulması hem hayvanlarda hem de insanlarda immünolojik ve metabolik bozukluklar ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Diabetes mellitus hiperglisemi ile belirgin kronik bir hastalıktır. Son yirmi yılda diabetes mellitus insidansı tüm dünyada hızlı bir şekilde artmış ve önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu hâline gelmiştir. Genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin yanında bağırsak mikrobiyotası da diabetes mellitus ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Birçok çalışmada diyabetik hastaların bağırsak mikrobiyotasında orta derecede disbiyozis olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ancak insanlarda diyabet gelişimi ile bağırsak mikrobiyota bileşimi arasındaki ilişki hâlâ belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Bu derlemede bağırsak mikrobiyotası ve diabetes mellitus arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanılarak, diyabet tedavisinde terapötik olarak bağırsak mikrobiyotasının düzenlenmesinin sonuçları tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Mikrobiyota
• diyabetes mellitus
• inflamasyon
• probiyotikler
• prebiyotikler

The Role and Targeting of Microbiota in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

There are over 100 trillion microbial cells in the human, mostly in the large intestine, and all of these organisms are gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays an important role in gastrointestinal mucosal permeability, the secretion of intestinal hormone and fermentation and absorption of dietary polysaccharides. In addition, gut microbiota play an important role in the host’s immune system, regulation of inflammatory processes and energy production from foods. Symbiotic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are in equilibrium in the gut microbiota of healthy organisms. The imbalance of gut microbiota has been associated with increased immunological and metabolic disorders in both animals and humans. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased rapidly throughout the world in the last twenty-years and has become an important public health problem. Besides genetic and environmental factors, diabetes mellitus has also been associated with gut microbiota. Many studies have shown that diabetic patients have moderate dysbiosis in gut microbiota. However, the relationship between diabetes development and gut microbiota composition remains unclear in humans. In this review, we aimed to focus on the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes mellitus, and to discuss the results of modulation gut microbiota therapeutically in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

• Microbiota
• Diabetes mellitus
• nflammation
• Probiotics
• Prebiotics
• Probiotics, Prebiotics

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