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Year 2019, , 43 - 50, 01.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.452865

Abstract

References

  • Bahnemann, D. W., Kormann, C. and Hoffmann M. R. (1987). “Preparation and characterization of quantum size zinc oxide: a detailed spectroscopic study.” J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 91, No. 14, pp. 3789-3798.
  • Bappaditya P., Sarkar, D. and Giri, P. K. (2015). “Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles: Correlation of magnetic moment with defect density.” Applied Surface Science, Vol. 356, pp. 804-811.
  • Chen, Y. F., Bagnall, D. and Yao, T. F. (2000). “ZnO as a novel material for the UV region.” Mater. Sci. Eng. B, Vol. 75, pp. 190-198.
  • Cohn, A.W., Kittilstved, K. R. and Gamelin, D. R. (2012). “Tuning the Potentials of “Extra” Electrons in Colloidal n-Type ZnO Nanocrystals via Mg2+ Substitution.” J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 134, No. 18, pp. 7937-7943.
  • Dietl, T., (2007). “Origin of ferromagnetic response in diluted magnetic semiconductors and oxides.” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, Vol. 19 No. 16, pp. 165204.
  • El-Hilo, M., Dakhel, A. A. and Ali-Mohamed, A.Y. (2009). “Room temperature ferromagnetism in nanocrystalline Ni-doped ZnO synthesized by coprecipitation.” J. Magn. and Magn. Mater., Vol. 321 No.14, pp. 2279-2283.
  • Ellmer, K., Klein, A. and Rech, B. (2008). Transparent conductive zinc oxide – Basics and applications in thin film solar cells, Springer Series in Materials Science, Germany.
  • Emanetoglu, N. W., Gorla, C., Liu, Y., Liang, S. and Lu, Y. (1999). “Epitaxial ZnO piezoelectric thin films for saw filters.” Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., Vol. 2, No.3, pp. 247–252.
  • Fabbiyola, S., Sailaja, V., John Kennedy, L., Bououdina, M. and Judith Vijaya, J. (2017). “Optical and magnetic properties of Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 694, pp. 522-531.
  • Godavarti, U., Mote, V. D. and Dasari, M. (2017). “Precipitated nickel doped ZnO nanoparticles with enhanced low temperature ethanol sensing properties.” Modern Electronic Materials, Vol. 3, pp. 179-185.
  • Guruvammal, D., Selvaraj, S. and Meenakshi Sundar, S. (2016). “Effect of Ni-doping on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles by solvothermal method.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 682, pp. 850-855.
  • Huang, M. H., Mao, S., Feick, H., Yan, H. Q., Wu, Y. Y., Kind, H., Weber, E., Russo, R. and Yang, P. D. (2001). “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers.” Science, Vol. 292, pp. 1897-1899.
  • Jadhav, J. and Biswas, S. (2016). “Shape-controlled magnetic nanoplatelets of Ni-doped ZnO synthesized via a chemical precursor.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 664, pp. 71-82.
  • Kind, H., Yan, H. Q., Messer, B., Law, M. and Yang, P. D. (2002). “Nanowire Ultraviolet Photodetectors and Optical Switches.” Adv. Mater., Vol. 14, pp.158.
  • Kittilstved, K. R., Liu, W. K. and Gamelin, D. R. (2006). “Electronic structure, origins of polarity-dependent highTC ferromagnetism in oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductors.” Nat. Mater., Vol. 5, pp. 291-297.
  • Koch, M. H., Timbrell, P. Y. and Lamb, R. N. (1995). “The influence of film crystallinity on the coupling efficiency of ZnO optical modulator waveguides.” Semicond. Sci. Technol., Vol. 10, pp. 1523-1527.
  • Law, M., Greene, L. E., Johnson, J. C., Saykally, R. and Yang, P. D. (2005). “Nanowire dye-sensitized solar cells.” Nat. Mater., Vol. 4, pp. 455-459.
  • Lee, J. Y., Choi, Y. S., Kim, J. H., Park M. O., Im, S. (2002). “Optimizing n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunctions for photodiode applications.” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 403, pp. 553-557.
  • Li, W. J., Shi, E. W., Zheng, Y. Q. and Yin, Z. W. (2001). “Hydrothermal preparation of nanometer ZnO nanopowders.” J. Mater. Sci. Lett., Vol. 20, pp. 1381-1383.
  • Liu, Y., Liu, H., Chen, Z., Kadasala, N., Mao, C., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Yang, J. and Yan, Y. (2014). “Effects of Ni concentration on structural, magnetic and optical properties of Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 604, pp. 281-285.
  • Martinson, A. B. F., Elam, J. W., Hupp, J. T. and Pellin, M. J. (2007). “ZnO Nanotube Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” Nano Lett., Vol. 7, No. 8, pp. 2183–2187.
  • Mitra, P., Chatterjee, A. P. and Maiti, H. S. (1998). “ZnO thin film sensor.” Mater. Lett., Vol. 35, pp. 33-38.
  • Motaung, D. E., Kortidis, I., Papadaki, D., Nkosi, S. S., Mhlongo, G. H., Wesley-Smith, J., Malgas, G. F., Mwakikunga, B. W., Coetsee, E., Swart, H. C., Kiriakidis, G. and Ray, S. S. (2014). “Defect-induced magnetism in un-doped and Mn-doped wide band gap Zinc oxide grown by aerosol spray pyrolysis.” Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 311, pp. 14-26.
  • Pearton, S. J., Norton, D. P., Ip, K., Heo, Y. W., Steiner, T. (2005). “Recent progress in processing and properties of ZnO.” Prog. Mater. Sci., Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 293–340.
  • Raja, K., Ramesh, P. S. and Geetha, D. (2014). “Synthesis, structural and optical properties of ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO hexagonal nanorods by Co-precipitation method.” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 120, pp. 19-24.
  • Rajakarthikeyan, R. K., and Muthukumaran, S. (2017). “Investigation of microstructure, electrical and photoluminescence behaviour of Ni-doped Zn0.96Mn0.04O nanoparticles: Effect of Ni concentration.” Opt. Mater., Vol. 69, pp. 382-391.
  • Rana, A. K., Bankar, P., Kumar, Y., More, M. A., Late, D. J., Shirage, P. M. (2016). “Synthesis of Ni-doped ZnO nanostructures by low-temperature wet chemical method and their enhanced field emission properties.” RSC Adv., Vol. 6, pp. 104318-104324.
  • Romeiro, F. C., Marinho, J. Z., Lemos, S. C. S., de Moura, A. P., Freire, P. G., da Silva, L. F., Longo, E., Munoz, R. A. A. and Lima, R. C. (2015). “Rapid synthesis of Co, Ni co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: Optical and electrochemical properties.” Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 230, pp. 343-349.
  • Saito, N., Haneda, H., Sekiguchi, T., Ohashi, N., Sakaguchi, I. and Koumoto, K. (2002). “Low‐Temperature Fabrication of Light‐Emitting Zinc Oxide Micropatterns Using Self‐Assembled Monolayers.” Adv. Mater., Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 418-421.
  • Samanta, A., Goswami, M. N. and Mahapatra, P. K. (2018). “Magnetic and electric properties of Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibit diluted magnetic semiconductor in nature.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 730, pp. 399-407.
  • Schneider, J. J., Hoffmann, R. C., Engstler, J., Klyszcz, A., Erdem, E., Jakes, P., Eichel, R. A., Pitta-Bauermann L. and Bill, J. (2010). “Synthesis, characterization, defect chemistry, and FET properties of microwavederived nanoscaled zinc oxide.” Chem. Mater., Vol. 22, No. 2203-2212.
  • Shoushtari, M. Z., Poormoghadam, A. and Farbod, M. (2017). “The size dependence of the magnetic properties of ZnO and Zn1-xNixO nanoparticles.” Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 88, pp. 315-319.
  • Srinet, G., Kumar, R. and Sajal, V. (2013). “Structural, optical, vibrational, and magnetic properties of sol-gel derived Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles.” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 114, pp. 033912.
  • Toloman, D., Mesaros, A., Popa, A., Raita, O., Silipas, T. D. B., Vasile, S., Pana, O. and Giurgiu, L. M. (2013). “Evidence by EPR of ferromagnetic phase in Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles annealed at different temperatures.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 551, pp. 502-507.
  • Vignesh, K., Rajarajan, M. and Suganthi, A. (2014). “Visible light assisted photocatalytic performance of Ni and Th co-doped ZnO nanoparticles for the degradation of methylene blue dye.” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 20, No.5, pp. 3826-3833.
  • Vijayaprasath, G., Murugan, R., Asaithambi, S., Sakthivel, P., Mahalingam, T., Hayakawa, Y. and Ravi G. (2016). “Structural and magnetic behavior of Ni/Mn co-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by coprecipitation method.” Ceramics International, Vol. 42, pp. 2836-2845.
  • Xu, K., Liu, C., Chen, R., Fang, X., Wu, X. and Liu, J. (2016). “Structural and room temperature ferromagnetic properties of Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles via lowtemperature hydrothermal method.” Physica B, Vol. 502, pp. 155-159.
  • Yildirimcan, S., Ocakoglu, K., Erat, S., Emen, F. M., Repp, S. and Erdem, E. (2016). “The effect of growing time and Mn concentration on the defect structure of ZnO nanocrystals: X-ray diffraction, infrared and EPR spectroscopy.” RSC Adv., Vol. 6, No. 45, pp. 39511– 39521.

COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPOWDERS

Year 2019, , 43 - 50, 01.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.452865

Abstract

In this study, we work on the effect of Ni doping on the crystallographic structure, morphology, and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO and Ni doped ZnO nanopowders were synthesized by sol-gel technique with different Ni concentration (5%, 10%, and 15%). The crystallographic structure was characterized by conventional X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. The results confirm that Ni doping does not change the single hexagonal phase existing in pure ZnO whereas in high Ni doping concentration (10% and 15%) causes to grow a secondary phase due to presence of NiO. FE-SEM, EDX, FTIR techniques are used for morphology, elemental, and chemical analyses of the samples. Optical properties of the samples are investigated by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer.

References

  • Bahnemann, D. W., Kormann, C. and Hoffmann M. R. (1987). “Preparation and characterization of quantum size zinc oxide: a detailed spectroscopic study.” J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 91, No. 14, pp. 3789-3798.
  • Bappaditya P., Sarkar, D. and Giri, P. K. (2015). “Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles: Correlation of magnetic moment with defect density.” Applied Surface Science, Vol. 356, pp. 804-811.
  • Chen, Y. F., Bagnall, D. and Yao, T. F. (2000). “ZnO as a novel material for the UV region.” Mater. Sci. Eng. B, Vol. 75, pp. 190-198.
  • Cohn, A.W., Kittilstved, K. R. and Gamelin, D. R. (2012). “Tuning the Potentials of “Extra” Electrons in Colloidal n-Type ZnO Nanocrystals via Mg2+ Substitution.” J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 134, No. 18, pp. 7937-7943.
  • Dietl, T., (2007). “Origin of ferromagnetic response in diluted magnetic semiconductors and oxides.” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, Vol. 19 No. 16, pp. 165204.
  • El-Hilo, M., Dakhel, A. A. and Ali-Mohamed, A.Y. (2009). “Room temperature ferromagnetism in nanocrystalline Ni-doped ZnO synthesized by coprecipitation.” J. Magn. and Magn. Mater., Vol. 321 No.14, pp. 2279-2283.
  • Ellmer, K., Klein, A. and Rech, B. (2008). Transparent conductive zinc oxide – Basics and applications in thin film solar cells, Springer Series in Materials Science, Germany.
  • Emanetoglu, N. W., Gorla, C., Liu, Y., Liang, S. and Lu, Y. (1999). “Epitaxial ZnO piezoelectric thin films for saw filters.” Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., Vol. 2, No.3, pp. 247–252.
  • Fabbiyola, S., Sailaja, V., John Kennedy, L., Bououdina, M. and Judith Vijaya, J. (2017). “Optical and magnetic properties of Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 694, pp. 522-531.
  • Godavarti, U., Mote, V. D. and Dasari, M. (2017). “Precipitated nickel doped ZnO nanoparticles with enhanced low temperature ethanol sensing properties.” Modern Electronic Materials, Vol. 3, pp. 179-185.
  • Guruvammal, D., Selvaraj, S. and Meenakshi Sundar, S. (2016). “Effect of Ni-doping on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles by solvothermal method.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 682, pp. 850-855.
  • Huang, M. H., Mao, S., Feick, H., Yan, H. Q., Wu, Y. Y., Kind, H., Weber, E., Russo, R. and Yang, P. D. (2001). “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers.” Science, Vol. 292, pp. 1897-1899.
  • Jadhav, J. and Biswas, S. (2016). “Shape-controlled magnetic nanoplatelets of Ni-doped ZnO synthesized via a chemical precursor.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 664, pp. 71-82.
  • Kind, H., Yan, H. Q., Messer, B., Law, M. and Yang, P. D. (2002). “Nanowire Ultraviolet Photodetectors and Optical Switches.” Adv. Mater., Vol. 14, pp.158.
  • Kittilstved, K. R., Liu, W. K. and Gamelin, D. R. (2006). “Electronic structure, origins of polarity-dependent highTC ferromagnetism in oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductors.” Nat. Mater., Vol. 5, pp. 291-297.
  • Koch, M. H., Timbrell, P. Y. and Lamb, R. N. (1995). “The influence of film crystallinity on the coupling efficiency of ZnO optical modulator waveguides.” Semicond. Sci. Technol., Vol. 10, pp. 1523-1527.
  • Law, M., Greene, L. E., Johnson, J. C., Saykally, R. and Yang, P. D. (2005). “Nanowire dye-sensitized solar cells.” Nat. Mater., Vol. 4, pp. 455-459.
  • Lee, J. Y., Choi, Y. S., Kim, J. H., Park M. O., Im, S. (2002). “Optimizing n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunctions for photodiode applications.” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 403, pp. 553-557.
  • Li, W. J., Shi, E. W., Zheng, Y. Q. and Yin, Z. W. (2001). “Hydrothermal preparation of nanometer ZnO nanopowders.” J. Mater. Sci. Lett., Vol. 20, pp. 1381-1383.
  • Liu, Y., Liu, H., Chen, Z., Kadasala, N., Mao, C., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Yang, J. and Yan, Y. (2014). “Effects of Ni concentration on structural, magnetic and optical properties of Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 604, pp. 281-285.
  • Martinson, A. B. F., Elam, J. W., Hupp, J. T. and Pellin, M. J. (2007). “ZnO Nanotube Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” Nano Lett., Vol. 7, No. 8, pp. 2183–2187.
  • Mitra, P., Chatterjee, A. P. and Maiti, H. S. (1998). “ZnO thin film sensor.” Mater. Lett., Vol. 35, pp. 33-38.
  • Motaung, D. E., Kortidis, I., Papadaki, D., Nkosi, S. S., Mhlongo, G. H., Wesley-Smith, J., Malgas, G. F., Mwakikunga, B. W., Coetsee, E., Swart, H. C., Kiriakidis, G. and Ray, S. S. (2014). “Defect-induced magnetism in un-doped and Mn-doped wide band gap Zinc oxide grown by aerosol spray pyrolysis.” Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 311, pp. 14-26.
  • Pearton, S. J., Norton, D. P., Ip, K., Heo, Y. W., Steiner, T. (2005). “Recent progress in processing and properties of ZnO.” Prog. Mater. Sci., Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 293–340.
  • Raja, K., Ramesh, P. S. and Geetha, D. (2014). “Synthesis, structural and optical properties of ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO hexagonal nanorods by Co-precipitation method.” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 120, pp. 19-24.
  • Rajakarthikeyan, R. K., and Muthukumaran, S. (2017). “Investigation of microstructure, electrical and photoluminescence behaviour of Ni-doped Zn0.96Mn0.04O nanoparticles: Effect of Ni concentration.” Opt. Mater., Vol. 69, pp. 382-391.
  • Rana, A. K., Bankar, P., Kumar, Y., More, M. A., Late, D. J., Shirage, P. M. (2016). “Synthesis of Ni-doped ZnO nanostructures by low-temperature wet chemical method and their enhanced field emission properties.” RSC Adv., Vol. 6, pp. 104318-104324.
  • Romeiro, F. C., Marinho, J. Z., Lemos, S. C. S., de Moura, A. P., Freire, P. G., da Silva, L. F., Longo, E., Munoz, R. A. A. and Lima, R. C. (2015). “Rapid synthesis of Co, Ni co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: Optical and electrochemical properties.” Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 230, pp. 343-349.
  • Saito, N., Haneda, H., Sekiguchi, T., Ohashi, N., Sakaguchi, I. and Koumoto, K. (2002). “Low‐Temperature Fabrication of Light‐Emitting Zinc Oxide Micropatterns Using Self‐Assembled Monolayers.” Adv. Mater., Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 418-421.
  • Samanta, A., Goswami, M. N. and Mahapatra, P. K. (2018). “Magnetic and electric properties of Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibit diluted magnetic semiconductor in nature.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 730, pp. 399-407.
  • Schneider, J. J., Hoffmann, R. C., Engstler, J., Klyszcz, A., Erdem, E., Jakes, P., Eichel, R. A., Pitta-Bauermann L. and Bill, J. (2010). “Synthesis, characterization, defect chemistry, and FET properties of microwavederived nanoscaled zinc oxide.” Chem. Mater., Vol. 22, No. 2203-2212.
  • Shoushtari, M. Z., Poormoghadam, A. and Farbod, M. (2017). “The size dependence of the magnetic properties of ZnO and Zn1-xNixO nanoparticles.” Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 88, pp. 315-319.
  • Srinet, G., Kumar, R. and Sajal, V. (2013). “Structural, optical, vibrational, and magnetic properties of sol-gel derived Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles.” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 114, pp. 033912.
  • Toloman, D., Mesaros, A., Popa, A., Raita, O., Silipas, T. D. B., Vasile, S., Pana, O. and Giurgiu, L. M. (2013). “Evidence by EPR of ferromagnetic phase in Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles annealed at different temperatures.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 551, pp. 502-507.
  • Vignesh, K., Rajarajan, M. and Suganthi, A. (2014). “Visible light assisted photocatalytic performance of Ni and Th co-doped ZnO nanoparticles for the degradation of methylene blue dye.” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 20, No.5, pp. 3826-3833.
  • Vijayaprasath, G., Murugan, R., Asaithambi, S., Sakthivel, P., Mahalingam, T., Hayakawa, Y. and Ravi G. (2016). “Structural and magnetic behavior of Ni/Mn co-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by coprecipitation method.” Ceramics International, Vol. 42, pp. 2836-2845.
  • Xu, K., Liu, C., Chen, R., Fang, X., Wu, X. and Liu, J. (2016). “Structural and room temperature ferromagnetic properties of Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles via lowtemperature hydrothermal method.” Physica B, Vol. 502, pp. 155-159.
  • Yildirimcan, S., Ocakoglu, K., Erat, S., Emen, F. M., Repp, S. and Erdem, E. (2016). “The effect of growing time and Mn concentration on the defect structure of ZnO nanocrystals: X-ray diffraction, infrared and EPR spectroscopy.” RSC Adv., Vol. 6, No. 45, pp. 39511– 39521.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selma Erat 0000-0001-7187-7668

Saadet Yildirimcan This is me 0000-0002-9044-6908

Publication Date January 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Erat, S., & Yildirimcan, S. (2019). COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPOWDERS. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 3(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.452865
AMA Erat S, Yildirimcan S. COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPOWDERS. TUJE. January 2019;3(1):43-50. doi:10.31127/tuje.452865
Chicago Erat, Selma, and Saadet Yildirimcan. “COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPOWDERS”. Turkish Journal of Engineering 3, no. 1 (January 2019): 43-50. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.452865.
EndNote Erat S, Yildirimcan S (January 1, 2019) COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPOWDERS. Turkish Journal of Engineering 3 1 43–50.
IEEE S. Erat and S. Yildirimcan, “COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPOWDERS”, TUJE, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 43–50, 2019, doi: 10.31127/tuje.452865.
ISNAD Erat, Selma - Yildirimcan, Saadet. “COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPOWDERS”. Turkish Journal of Engineering 3/1 (January 2019), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.452865.
JAMA Erat S, Yildirimcan S. COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPOWDERS. TUJE. 2019;3:43–50.
MLA Erat, Selma and Saadet Yildirimcan. “COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPOWDERS”. Turkish Journal of Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, 2019, pp. 43-50, doi:10.31127/tuje.452865.
Vancouver Erat S, Yildirimcan S. COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPOWDERS. TUJE. 2019;3(1):43-50.
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