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Enhancing Combustion Efficiency: Utilizing Graphene Oxide Nanofluids as Fuel Additives with Tomato Oil Methyl Ester in CI Engines

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 720 - 728, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1480190

Abstract

The research aims to conduct a thorough examination of the combustion, injection, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine below different engine loads, as well as the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) nano fuels and their utilization in combination with Tomato Oil methyl ester (TOME) and diesel fuel blend. The graphene oxide, plays a vital role in the pre-mixed combustion phase of diesel engines. Addition of graphene oxide nano fuels enhances the high-pressure combustion stage, resulting in increased maximum pressure and heat release rate. TOME (B20GO75) and TOME (B20GO100) exhibit comparable heat release rate to diesel due to improved fuel characteristics and quicker ignition delay duration. While TOME (B20) shows a slight decrease in (BTE) compared to diesel, the addition of graphene oxide improves BTE, with TOME (B20GO50) displaying the highest BTE at full load, indicating enhanced combustion efficiency. Moreover, graphene oxide addition leads to a reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, with emissions decreasing as the concentration of graphene oxide increases. However, NoX emissions initially decrease with TOME (B20) compared to diesel but increase with higher graphene oxide concentration. Smoke emissions increase with TOME (B20) but decrease with higher graphene oxide dosages. Overall, the incorporation of graphene oxide nano fuels into Tomato Oil methyl ester blends demonstrates potential for improving engine performance and reducing emissions.

Thanks

The authors are grateful to Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology and Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation for granting access to laboratory facilities.

References

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  • Soudagar, M. E. M., Nik-Ghazali, N. N., Kalam, M. A., Badruddin, I. A., Banapurmath, N., Khan, T. Y., ... & Afzal, A. (2019). The effects of graphene oxide nanoparticle additive stably dispersed in dairy scum oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blend on CI engine: Performance, emission and combustion characteristics. Fuel, 257, 116015.
  • Ağbulut, Ü., Elibol, E., Demirci, T., Sarıdemir, S., Gürel, A. E., Rajak, U., ... & Verma, T. N. (2022). Synthesis of graphene oxide nanoparticles and the influences of their usage as fuel additives on CI engine behaviors. Energy, 244, 122603.
  • Hoseini, S. S., Najafi, G., Ghobadian, B., Ebadi, M. T., Mamat, R., & Yusaf, T. (2020). Performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine using graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles additives in biodiesel-diesel blends. Renewable Energy, 145, 458-465.
  • Jayaraman, J., & Reddy, S. (2021). Effects of injection pressure on performance & emission characteristics of CI engine using graphene oxide additive in bio-diesel blend. Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 3716-3722.
  • Bayindirli, C., Celik, M., & Zan, R. (2023). Optimizing the thermophysical properties and combustion performance of biodiesel by graphite and reduced graphene oxide nanoparticle fuel additive. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 37, 101295.
  • EL-Seesy, A. I., Hassan, H., & Ookawara, S. (2018). Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Jatropha methyl ester and graphene oxide additives. Energy Conversion and Management, 166, 674-686.
  • Bello, Y. H., Ookawara, S. A., Ahmed, M. A., El-Khouly, M. A., Elmehasseb, I. M., El-Shafai, N. M., & Elwardany, A. E. (2020). Investigating the engine performance, emissions and soot characteristics of CI engine fueled with diesel fuel loaded with graphene oxide-titanium dioxide nanocomposites. Fuel, 269, 117436.
  • Chacko, N., & Jeyaseelan, T. (2020). Comparative evaluation of graphene oxide and graphene nanoplatelets as fuel additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel blend. Fuel Processing Technology, 204, 106406.
  • El-Seesy, A. I., & Hassan, H. (2019). Investigation of the effect of adding graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelet, and multiwalled carbon nanotube additives with n-butanol-Jatropha methyl ester on a diesel engine performance. Renewable Energy, 132, 558-574.
  • Hoseini, S. S., Najafi, G., Ghobadian, B., Mamat, R., Ebadi, M. T., & Yusaf, T. (2018). Novel environmentally friendly fuel: The effects of nanographene oxide additives on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines fuelled with Ailanthus altissima biodiesel. Renewable Energy, 125, 283-294.
  • Das, A. N. M., & Harish, G. (2023). Graphene nanoparticle as an additive and its influence on pure diesel and biodiesel fuelled CIDI engine. Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 21(2), 574-594.
  • Razzaq, L., Mujtaba, M. A., Soudagar, M. E. M., Ahmed, W., Fayaz, H., Bashir, S., ... & El-Seesy, A. I. (2021). Engine performance and emission characteristics of palm biodiesel blends with graphene oxide nanoplatelets and dimethyl carbonate additives. Journal of Environmental Management, 282, 111917.
  • Hoseini, S. S., Najafi, G., Ghobadian, B., Ebadi, M. T., Mamat, R., & Yusaf, T. (2020). Biodiesels from three feedstock: The effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles diesel engine parameters fuelled with biodiesel. Renewable Energy, 145, 190-201.
  • Ooi, J. B., Ismail, H. M., Tan, B. T., & Wang, X. (2018). Effects of graphite oxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes as diesel additives on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine. Energy, 161, 70-80.
  • Nagaraja, S., Rufuss, D. D. W., & Hossain, A. K. (2020). Microscopic characteristics of biodiesel–Graphene oxide nanoparticle blends and their utilisation in a compression ignition engine. Renewable Energy, 160, 830-841.
  • Can, Ö., & Çetin, Ö. (2023). Potential use of graphene oxide as an engine oil additive for energy savings in a diesel engine. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 48, 101567.
  • Ahmed, A., Shah, A. N., Azam, A., Uddin, G. M., Ali, M. S., Hassan, S., ... & Aslam, T. (2020). Environment-friendly novel fuel additives: Investigation of the effects of graphite nanoparticles on performance and regulated gaseous emissions of CI engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 211, 112748.
  • El-Seesy, A. I., Nour, M., Attia, A. M., He, Z., & Hassan, H. (2020). Investigation the effect of adding graphene oxide into diesel/higher alcohols blends on a diesel engine performance. International Journal of Green Energy, 17(3), 233-253.
  • Ooi, J. B., Ismail, H. M., Swamy, V., Wang, X., Swain, A. K., & Rajanren, J. R. (2016). Graphite oxide nanoparticle as a diesel fuel additive for cleaner emissions and lower fuel consumption. Energy & Fuels, 30(2), 1341-1353.
  • Ul Haq, M., Jafry, A. T., Ali, M., Ajab, H., Abbas, N., Sajjad, U., & Hamid, K. (2024). Influence of nano additives on Diesel-Biodiesel fuel blends in diesel engine: A spray, performance, and emissions study. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 100574.
  • Gupta, A., Kumar, R., Maurya, A., Ahmadi, M. H., Ongar, B., Yegzekova, A., ... & Shelare, S. (2024). A comparative study of the impact on combustion and emission characteristics of nanoparticle‐based fuel additives in the internal combustion engine. Energy Science & Engineering, 12(1), 284-303.
  • El-Adawy, M. (2023). Effects of diesel-biodiesel fuel blends doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles on performance and combustion attributes of a diesel engine. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 80, 269-281.
  • Markov, V., Kamaltdinov, V., Zherdev, A., Furman, V., Sa, B., & Neverov, V. (2019). Study on the possibility of improving the environmental performance of diesel engine using carbon nanotubes as a petroleum diesel fuel additive. Energies, 12(22), 4345.
  • Al-Bawwat, A. A. K., Cano, A., Gomaa, M. R., & Jurado, F. (2023). Availability of biomass and potential of nanotechnologies for bioenergy production in Jordan. Processes, 11(4), 992.
  • Baş, H. (2023). Tribological properties of MoS2 particles as lubricant additive on the performance of statically loaded radial journal bearings. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 7(1), 42-48.
  • Chakrabartty, I., & Hakeem, K. R. (Eds.). (2024). Green Nanomaterials in Energy Conversion and Storage Applications. CRC Press.
  • Sindhu, R., Prabhat, S. T., Hiep, B. T., Chinnathambi, A., & Alharbi, S. A. (2024). Experimental assessment of cork-based Botryococcus braunii microalgae blends and hydrogen in modified multicylinder diesel engine. Fuel, 359, 130468.
  • ACHOLA, O. J. (2022). Numerical analysis of the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids for industrial use (Doctoral dissertation, Kenyatta University).
  • Kantoğlu, B., & Duzdar Argun, İ. (2023). Evaluation of renewable energy source alternatives prioritization. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 7(1), 1-8.
  • Sönmez, A., Güler, Ö., Başgöz, Ö., & Güler, S. H. (2021). Graphene produced with using surfactant from expanded graphite. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 5(2), 65-68.
Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 720 - 728, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1480190

Abstract

References

  • Khan, H., Soudagar, M. E. M., Kumar, R. H., Safaei, M. R., Farooq, M., Khidmatgar, A., Banapurmath, N. R., Farade, R. A., Abbas, M. M., Afzal, A., et al. (2020). Effect of nano-graphene oxide and n-butanol fuel additives blended with diesel—Nigella sativa biodiesel fuel emulsion on diesel engine characteristics. Symmetry.
  • Soudagar, M. E. M., Nik-Ghazali, N. N., Kalam, M. A., Badruddin, I. A., Banapurmath, N., Khan, T. Y., ... & Afzal, A. (2019). The effects of graphene oxide nanoparticle additive stably dispersed in dairy scum oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blend on CI engine: Performance, emission and combustion characteristics. Fuel, 257, 116015.
  • Ağbulut, Ü., Elibol, E., Demirci, T., Sarıdemir, S., Gürel, A. E., Rajak, U., ... & Verma, T. N. (2022). Synthesis of graphene oxide nanoparticles and the influences of their usage as fuel additives on CI engine behaviors. Energy, 244, 122603.
  • Hoseini, S. S., Najafi, G., Ghobadian, B., Ebadi, M. T., Mamat, R., & Yusaf, T. (2020). Performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine using graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles additives in biodiesel-diesel blends. Renewable Energy, 145, 458-465.
  • Jayaraman, J., & Reddy, S. (2021). Effects of injection pressure on performance & emission characteristics of CI engine using graphene oxide additive in bio-diesel blend. Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 3716-3722.
  • Bayindirli, C., Celik, M., & Zan, R. (2023). Optimizing the thermophysical properties and combustion performance of biodiesel by graphite and reduced graphene oxide nanoparticle fuel additive. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 37, 101295.
  • EL-Seesy, A. I., Hassan, H., & Ookawara, S. (2018). Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Jatropha methyl ester and graphene oxide additives. Energy Conversion and Management, 166, 674-686.
  • Bello, Y. H., Ookawara, S. A., Ahmed, M. A., El-Khouly, M. A., Elmehasseb, I. M., El-Shafai, N. M., & Elwardany, A. E. (2020). Investigating the engine performance, emissions and soot characteristics of CI engine fueled with diesel fuel loaded with graphene oxide-titanium dioxide nanocomposites. Fuel, 269, 117436.
  • Chacko, N., & Jeyaseelan, T. (2020). Comparative evaluation of graphene oxide and graphene nanoplatelets as fuel additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel blend. Fuel Processing Technology, 204, 106406.
  • El-Seesy, A. I., & Hassan, H. (2019). Investigation of the effect of adding graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelet, and multiwalled carbon nanotube additives with n-butanol-Jatropha methyl ester on a diesel engine performance. Renewable Energy, 132, 558-574.
  • Hoseini, S. S., Najafi, G., Ghobadian, B., Mamat, R., Ebadi, M. T., & Yusaf, T. (2018). Novel environmentally friendly fuel: The effects of nanographene oxide additives on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines fuelled with Ailanthus altissima biodiesel. Renewable Energy, 125, 283-294.
  • Das, A. N. M., & Harish, G. (2023). Graphene nanoparticle as an additive and its influence on pure diesel and biodiesel fuelled CIDI engine. Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 21(2), 574-594.
  • Razzaq, L., Mujtaba, M. A., Soudagar, M. E. M., Ahmed, W., Fayaz, H., Bashir, S., ... & El-Seesy, A. I. (2021). Engine performance and emission characteristics of palm biodiesel blends with graphene oxide nanoplatelets and dimethyl carbonate additives. Journal of Environmental Management, 282, 111917.
  • Hoseini, S. S., Najafi, G., Ghobadian, B., Ebadi, M. T., Mamat, R., & Yusaf, T. (2020). Biodiesels from three feedstock: The effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles diesel engine parameters fuelled with biodiesel. Renewable Energy, 145, 190-201.
  • Ooi, J. B., Ismail, H. M., Tan, B. T., & Wang, X. (2018). Effects of graphite oxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes as diesel additives on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine. Energy, 161, 70-80.
  • Nagaraja, S., Rufuss, D. D. W., & Hossain, A. K. (2020). Microscopic characteristics of biodiesel–Graphene oxide nanoparticle blends and their utilisation in a compression ignition engine. Renewable Energy, 160, 830-841.
  • Can, Ö., & Çetin, Ö. (2023). Potential use of graphene oxide as an engine oil additive for energy savings in a diesel engine. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 48, 101567.
  • Ahmed, A., Shah, A. N., Azam, A., Uddin, G. M., Ali, M. S., Hassan, S., ... & Aslam, T. (2020). Environment-friendly novel fuel additives: Investigation of the effects of graphite nanoparticles on performance and regulated gaseous emissions of CI engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 211, 112748.
  • El-Seesy, A. I., Nour, M., Attia, A. M., He, Z., & Hassan, H. (2020). Investigation the effect of adding graphene oxide into diesel/higher alcohols blends on a diesel engine performance. International Journal of Green Energy, 17(3), 233-253.
  • Ooi, J. B., Ismail, H. M., Swamy, V., Wang, X., Swain, A. K., & Rajanren, J. R. (2016). Graphite oxide nanoparticle as a diesel fuel additive for cleaner emissions and lower fuel consumption. Energy & Fuels, 30(2), 1341-1353.
  • Ul Haq, M., Jafry, A. T., Ali, M., Ajab, H., Abbas, N., Sajjad, U., & Hamid, K. (2024). Influence of nano additives on Diesel-Biodiesel fuel blends in diesel engine: A spray, performance, and emissions study. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 100574.
  • Gupta, A., Kumar, R., Maurya, A., Ahmadi, M. H., Ongar, B., Yegzekova, A., ... & Shelare, S. (2024). A comparative study of the impact on combustion and emission characteristics of nanoparticle‐based fuel additives in the internal combustion engine. Energy Science & Engineering, 12(1), 284-303.
  • El-Adawy, M. (2023). Effects of diesel-biodiesel fuel blends doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles on performance and combustion attributes of a diesel engine. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 80, 269-281.
  • Markov, V., Kamaltdinov, V., Zherdev, A., Furman, V., Sa, B., & Neverov, V. (2019). Study on the possibility of improving the environmental performance of diesel engine using carbon nanotubes as a petroleum diesel fuel additive. Energies, 12(22), 4345.
  • Al-Bawwat, A. A. K., Cano, A., Gomaa, M. R., & Jurado, F. (2023). Availability of biomass and potential of nanotechnologies for bioenergy production in Jordan. Processes, 11(4), 992.
  • Baş, H. (2023). Tribological properties of MoS2 particles as lubricant additive on the performance of statically loaded radial journal bearings. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 7(1), 42-48.
  • Chakrabartty, I., & Hakeem, K. R. (Eds.). (2024). Green Nanomaterials in Energy Conversion and Storage Applications. CRC Press.
  • Sindhu, R., Prabhat, S. T., Hiep, B. T., Chinnathambi, A., & Alharbi, S. A. (2024). Experimental assessment of cork-based Botryococcus braunii microalgae blends and hydrogen in modified multicylinder diesel engine. Fuel, 359, 130468.
  • ACHOLA, O. J. (2022). Numerical analysis of the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids for industrial use (Doctoral dissertation, Kenyatta University).
  • Kantoğlu, B., & Duzdar Argun, İ. (2023). Evaluation of renewable energy source alternatives prioritization. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 7(1), 1-8.
  • Sönmez, A., Güler, Ö., Başgöz, Ö., & Güler, S. H. (2021). Graphene produced with using surfactant from expanded graphite. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 5(2), 65-68.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Bio-Fluids, Environmental Pollution and Prevention, Air Pollution and Gas Cleaning , Clean Production Technologies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kumaran Pachaiyappan 0000-0003-2781-8999

Natarajan Sengodan 0000-0003-4601-2800

Prakash Sekar 0000-0001-7038-2903

Vasanthraj Ramalingam 0009-0009-1794-647X

Saranraj Periyasamy 0009-0009-4747-5840

Early Pub Date October 28, 2024
Publication Date October 31, 2024
Submission Date May 7, 2024
Acceptance Date June 7, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Pachaiyappan, K., Sengodan, N., Sekar, P., Ramalingam, V., et al. (2024). Enhancing Combustion Efficiency: Utilizing Graphene Oxide Nanofluids as Fuel Additives with Tomato Oil Methyl Ester in CI Engines. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 8(4), 720-728. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1480190
AMA Pachaiyappan K, Sengodan N, Sekar P, Ramalingam V, Periyasamy S. Enhancing Combustion Efficiency: Utilizing Graphene Oxide Nanofluids as Fuel Additives with Tomato Oil Methyl Ester in CI Engines. TUJE. October 2024;8(4):720-728. doi:10.31127/tuje.1480190
Chicago Pachaiyappan, Kumaran, Natarajan Sengodan, Prakash Sekar, Vasanthraj Ramalingam, and Saranraj Periyasamy. “Enhancing Combustion Efficiency: Utilizing Graphene Oxide Nanofluids As Fuel Additives With Tomato Oil Methyl Ester in CI Engines”. Turkish Journal of Engineering 8, no. 4 (October 2024): 720-28. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1480190.
EndNote Pachaiyappan K, Sengodan N, Sekar P, Ramalingam V, Periyasamy S (October 1, 2024) Enhancing Combustion Efficiency: Utilizing Graphene Oxide Nanofluids as Fuel Additives with Tomato Oil Methyl Ester in CI Engines. Turkish Journal of Engineering 8 4 720–728.
IEEE K. Pachaiyappan, N. Sengodan, P. Sekar, V. Ramalingam, and S. Periyasamy, “Enhancing Combustion Efficiency: Utilizing Graphene Oxide Nanofluids as Fuel Additives with Tomato Oil Methyl Ester in CI Engines”, TUJE, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 720–728, 2024, doi: 10.31127/tuje.1480190.
ISNAD Pachaiyappan, Kumaran et al. “Enhancing Combustion Efficiency: Utilizing Graphene Oxide Nanofluids As Fuel Additives With Tomato Oil Methyl Ester in CI Engines”. Turkish Journal of Engineering 8/4 (October 2024), 720-728. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1480190.
JAMA Pachaiyappan K, Sengodan N, Sekar P, Ramalingam V, Periyasamy S. Enhancing Combustion Efficiency: Utilizing Graphene Oxide Nanofluids as Fuel Additives with Tomato Oil Methyl Ester in CI Engines. TUJE. 2024;8:720–728.
MLA Pachaiyappan, Kumaran et al. “Enhancing Combustion Efficiency: Utilizing Graphene Oxide Nanofluids As Fuel Additives With Tomato Oil Methyl Ester in CI Engines”. Turkish Journal of Engineering, vol. 8, no. 4, 2024, pp. 720-8, doi:10.31127/tuje.1480190.
Vancouver Pachaiyappan K, Sengodan N, Sekar P, Ramalingam V, Periyasamy S. Enhancing Combustion Efficiency: Utilizing Graphene Oxide Nanofluids as Fuel Additives with Tomato Oil Methyl Ester in CI Engines. TUJE. 2024;8(4):720-8.
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