Aidiyet Duygusu Ve Nomofobi İlişkisi: Turizm Öğrencileri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 24 - 42, 01.07.2018

Nuran Akşit Aşık

Abstract

Mobil telefon kullanımının giderek yaygınlaşması, bir yandan bireylerin günlük yaşamlarını kolaylaştırırken, diğer taraftan birçok sosyal ve psikolojik soruna neden olmaktadır. Bu sorunlardan biri, mobil telefondan mahrum kalma korkusu olarak tanımlanan nomofobidir. Nomofobiyi etkileyen pek çok faktör olmakla birlikte, bunlardan birinin aidiyet duygusu olduğu düşünülmektedir. Buradan hareketle gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın temel amacı, nomofobi ile aidiyet duygusu arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını araştırmak ve aidiyet duygusunun nomofobi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Örneklem olarak önlisans düzeyinde eğitim alan 106 öğrenci seçilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin toplanması için kullanılan anket formu, kişisel bilgi formu, aidiyet ölçeği ve nomofobi ölçeği olmak üzere üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde ortalama, frekans ve yüzde dağılımların yanı sıra, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde, öğrencilerin ortalama 5,5 yıldır mobil telefon kullandıkları ve mobil telefonla günde ortalama 4,7 saat zaman geçirdikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, öğrencilerin aidiyet duygularının ortalamanın üzerinde, nomofobi skorunun ise orta düzeyde olduğunu göstermektedir. Öğrencilerin en çok iletişimi kaybetme ve cihazdan yoksun kalma korkusu yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan korelasyon analizinde, aidiyet duygusu ile nomofobi arasında zıt yönlü ve zayıf bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, aidiyet duygusunun nomofobiyi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede etkilediğini, aidiyet duygusunun nomofobinin %22,7’sini açıkladığını göstermektedir

Keywords

Aidiyet Duygusu, Nomofobi, Turizm Öğrencileri

SENSE OF BELONGINGNESS AND NOMOPHOBIA RELATIONSHIP: A RESEARCH ON TOURISM STUDENTS

Abstract

The increasing utilization of use of mobile phone while on the one hand facilitates daily lives of individuals on the other hand are causing also many type of social and psychological problems. One of the these problems, is nomophobia which is defined as the fear of being without mobile phone. There is a lot of factors cause rising the nomophobia level. It is considered that one of these, the sense of belongingness. The main purpose of this research, is to investigate whether there is a relationship between the feeling of belongingness with nomophobia and to examine the influence of sense of belongingness on nomophobia. As samples, 106 the vocational college tourism students were selected. The survey consists of three parts; personal information form, belongingness scale and nomophobia scale. In the analysis of the data, mean, frequency and percent distributions as well as correlation and regression analyses were used. In the analysis, it was determined that the students used mobile phones for an average of 5.5 years and spent an average of 4.7 hours per day on mobile phones. It has been determined that students use mobile phones most to send messages and enter social networks. According to the findings of the study, it was found that the students' the sense of belongingness were above average level and nomophobia levels were at the average. Also, it was identified that the students feel anxious about not being able to communicate and not being able to access device. According to the results of the correlation analysis, it has been found that an opposite direction and weak correlation between belongingness and nomophobia. The research results indicated that sense of belongingness affected nomophobia level as statistically significant level and sense of belongingness predicts 22.7% of nomophobia

Keywords

Sense of Belongingness, Nomophobia, Tourism Students

References

• Adnan, M. ve Gezgin, D. M. (2016). Modern Çağın Yeni Fobisi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasında Nomofobi Prevalansı. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 49, 141-158.
• Anderman, E. M. (2002). School Effects on Psychological Outcomes During Adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 795-809.
• Augner, C. ve Hacker, G. W. (2012). Associations Between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Psychological Parameters in Young Adults. International Journal of Public Health, 57 (2), 437-441.
• Bahl, R.R. ve Deluliis, D. (2015). Nomophobia, (Ed.) Yan, Z., Encyclopedia of Mobile Phone Behavior. (3 Volumes), USA: IGI Global.
• Baumeister, R. F., ve Leary, M. R. (1995). The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments As a Fundamental Human Motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117 (3), 497-529.
• Bragazzi, N. L. ve Puente, D. G. (2014). A Proposal for Including Nomophobia in the New DsM-V. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 7, 155-160.
• Broughton, G. (2015). The Changing Face [Book] of Friendship, Fellowship and Formation. St Mark's Review, 233, 74-86.
• Burucuoğlu, M. (2017). Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Nomofobi Düzeyleri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (2), 482-489.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2001). Deneysel Desenler, Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
• Chipuer, C. H. (2001). Dyadic Attachments and Community Connectedness: Links With Youths’loneliness Experiences. Journal of Community Psychology. 29 (4), 429-446.
• Chen, L., Yan, Z., Tang, W., Yang, F., Xie, X., ve He, J. (2016). Mobile Phone Addiction Levels and Negative Emotions Among Chinese Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Problems. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 856-866.
• Choenarom, C., Williams, R. A. ve Hagerty, B.M. (2005). The Role of Sense of Belonging and Social Support on Stres and Depression in Individuals With Depression. Archives
• of Psychiatric Nursing, 19 (1), 19-29.
• Demirci, K.; Akgönül, M.; Akpınar, A. (2015). Relationship of Smartphone Use Severity With Sleep Quality, Depression, and Anxiety in University Students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4 (2), 85–92
• Dixit S., Shukla H., Bhagwat A., Bindal A., Goyal A., Zaidi A. K., ve Shrivastava, A. (2010). A study to Evaluate Mobile Phone Dependence Among Students of A Medical College and Associated Hospital of Central India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 35 (2), 339–341.
• Drouin, M., Kaiser, D. ve Miller, D.A. (2015). New Directions: Recognition and Treatment of Problematic Mobile Phone Use, (Ed.) Rosen, L.D., Cheever, N.A. and Carrier, L.M., The Wiley Handbook of Psychology, Technology and Society, UK: John Wiley ve Sons, Ltd.
• Duru, E. (2007). Sosyal Bağlılık Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması. Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi (EJER), 26, 85-94.
• Duru, E. (2008). Yalnızlığı Yordamada Sosyal Destek ve Sosyal Bağlılığın Rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24 (61), 15–24.
• Duru, E. (2015). Genel Aidiyet Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Özellikleri: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5 (44), 37-47.
• Erdem, H., Kalkın, G., Türen, U., ve Deniz, M. (2016). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Mobil Telefon Yoksunluğu Korkusunun (Nomofobi) Akademik Başarıya Etkisi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21 (3), 923-936.
• Gezgin, D. M., Sumuer, E., Arslan, O., ve Yildirim, S. (2017). Nomophobia Prevalence Among Pre-service Teachers: A Case of Trakya University. Trakya University Journal of Education Faculty, 7 (1), 86-95.
• Gezgin, D. M., Şahin, Y. L., ve Yıldırım, S. (2017). Sosyal Ağ Kullanıcıları Arasında Nomofobi Yaygınlığının Çeşitli Faktörler Açısından İncelenmesi. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 7 (1), 1-15.
• Güzeller, C.O. ve Coşguner, T. (2012). Development of A Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale For Turkish Adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15 (4), 205-211.
• Hagerty, B. M., Williams, R. A. ve Oe, H. (2002). Childhood Antecedents of Adult Sense of Belonging. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 58 (7), 793-801.
• Hill, L. H. (2006). Sense of Belonging as Connectedness, American Indian Worldview and Mental Health. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 20 (5), 210–216.
• Jin, B., ve Park, N. (2012). Mobile Voice Communication and Loneliness: Cell Phone Use and The Social Skills Deficit Hypothesis. New Media & Society. 15(7), 1094-1111.
• Karasar, N. (2007). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Kaur, A. ve Sharma, P. (2015). A Descriptive Study to Assess The Risk of Developing Nomophobia Among Students of Selected Nursing Colleges Ludhiana, Punjab. International Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 1 (2), 1-6.
• King, A. K., Vidourek, A. R., Davis, B. ve McClellan, W. ( 2002). Increasing Self-Esteem and School Connectedness Trough A Multidimensional Mentoring Program. Journal of School Health. 72 (7), 294-299.
• King, A. L. S., Valença, A. M., ve Nardi, A. E. (2010). Nomophobia: The Mobile Phone in Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia – Reducing Phobias or Worsening of Dependence? Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 23 (1), 52–54.
• King, A.L.S., Valença, A.M., Silva, A.C., Baczynski, T., Carvalho, M.R. ve Nardi, A.E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on Virtual Environments or Social Phobia?. Computers in Human Behavior, 29 (1), 140-144.
• King, A.L.S., Valença, A.M., Silva, A.C., Sancassiani, F., Machado, S. ve Nardi, A.E. (2014). Nomophobia: Impact of Cell Phone Use Interfering with Symptoms and Emotions of Individuals with Panic Disorder Compared with A Control Group. Clinical Practice ve Epidemiology in Mental Health, 10, 28-35.
• Lepp, A., Barkley, J.E, Sanders, G.J, Rebold, M. ve Gates, P. (2013). The Relationship Between Cell Phone Use, Physical and Sedentary Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in A Sample of U.S. College Students. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10 (1), 1-9.
• Levett-Jones, T., Lathlean, J., Maguire, J. ve McMillan, M. (2007). Belongingness: A Critique of The Concept and Implications for Nursing Education. Nurse Education Today, 27 (3), 210–218.
• Malone, G.P., Pillow, D. R. ve Osman, A. (2012). The General Belongingness Scale (GBS): Assessing Achieved Belongingness. Personality and Individual Differences, 52 (3), 311–316.
• Mellor, D., Stokes, M., Firth , L., Hayashi, Y. ve Cummins, R. (2008). Need for Belonging, Relationship Satisfaction, Loneliness and Life Satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 45 (3), 213–218.
• Ming, Z., Pietikainen, S. ve Hänninen, O. (2006). Excessive Texting in Pathophysiology of First Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis. Pathophysiology, 13(4), 269-270.
• Osterman, F. K. (2000). Students' Need for Belonging in The School Community. Review of Educational Research, 70 (3), 323-367.
• Özdemir, S., Sezgin, F., Şirin, H., Karip, E. ve Erkan, S. (2010). İlköğretim Okulu Öğrencilerinin Okul İklimine İlişkin Algılarını Yordayan Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 38, 213-224.
• Pavithra, M. B. ve Madhukumar, S. (2015). A Study on Nomophobia-Mobile Phone Dependence, Among Students of A Medical College in Bangalore. National Journal of Community Medicine, 6 (3), 340-344.
• Pourrazavi, S., Allahverdipour, H., Jafarabadi, M. A., ve Matlabi, H. (2014) A Socio- Cognitive Inquiry of Excessive Mobile Phone Use. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 10, 84–89.
• Reid, D.J. ve Reid, F., J., M. (2007). Text or Talk? Social Anxiety, Loneliness, and Divergent Preferences for Cell Phone Use. CyberPsychology & Behavior,10 (3), 424–35.
• Romano, D. M. (2004). A Self-Psychology Approach to Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A Nursing Reflection. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 40 (1), 20-28.
• Sharma, N., Sharma, P., Sharma, N. ve Wavare, R. R. (2015), Rising Concern Of Nomophobia Amongst Indian Medical Students, International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 3 (3), 705-707.
• Şar, A.H. (2013). Examination of Loneliness and Mobil Phone Addiction Problem Observed in Teenagers from The Some Variables. International Journal of Social Science, 6 (2), 1207-1220.
• Thomée, S., Harenstam A. ve Hagberg, M. (2011). Mobile Phone Use and Stress, Sleep Disturbances and Symptoms of Depression Among Young Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. BMC Public Health, 66, 1-11.
• Takao, M., Takahashi, S., ve Kitamura, M. (2009). Addictive Personality and Problematic Mobile Phone Use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12 (5), 501-507.
• Tamura, H., Nishida, T., Tsuji, A. ve Sakakibara, H. (2017). Association Between Excessive Use of Mobile Phone and Insomnia and Depression Among Japanese Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Reseach and Public Health, 14 (7), 1-11.
• Tan, Ç., Pamuk, M. ve Dönder, A. (2013). Loneliness and Mobile Phone, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103 (2013), 606-611.
• Tavolacci, M. P., Meyrignac, G., Richard, L., Dechelotte, P. ve Ladner, J. (2015). Problematic Use Of Mobile Phone and Nomophobia Among French College Students: Marie- Pierre Tavolacci. The European Journal of Public Health, 25(suppl_3). https://doi.org/ 10.1093/eurpub/ckv172.088.
• Wei, R. ve Lo, V. H. (2006). Staying Connected While on The Move: Cell Phone Use and Social Connectedness. New Media & Society, 8(1), 53-72.
• Yaacob, S., Juhari, R., Talib, M., ve Uba, I. (2009). Loneliness, Stress, Self Esteem And Depression Among Malaysian Adolescents. Jurnal Kemanusiaan Bil. 14, 7 (2), 85-95.
• Yen, C., Tang, T., Yen, J., Lin, H., Huang, C. ve Liu, S. (2009). Symptoms of Problematic Cellular Phone Use, Functional Impairment and Its Association with Depression Among Adolescents in Southern Taiwan. Journal of Adolescence, 32 (4), 863-873.
• Yıldırım, Ç., Sumuer, E., Adnan, M., Yıldırım, S. (2016). A Growing Fear: Prevalence of Nomophobia Among Turkish College Students, Information Development, 32 (5), 1322-1331.
• Zarghami, M., Khalilian, A., Setareh, J. ve Salehpour, G. (2015). The Impact Of Using Cell Phones After Light-Out on Sleep Quality, Headache, Tiredness, and Distractibility Among Students of A University in North of Iran. Iranian Journal Of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 9 (4). doi: 10.17795/ijpbs-2010.