İSTANBUL'DA BİR HUKUK FAKÜLTESİ AKADEMİSYENLERİNDE OTİZM FARKINDALIĞI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 138 - 153, 26.09.2025

Melda Karavuş , Seyhan Hıdıroğlu , Selin Doğan Jamil , Nimet Emel Lüleci , Tarık Emre Gökırmak , Sudenaz Öztürk , Yasin Çiçek , Yusuf Ömer Turan , Celıne El Bıtar , Şevval Kazez , Özge Hıdıroğlu

Öz

Amaç:
Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), bireylerin diğerleriyle etkileşimini, iletişimini, öğrenmesini ve davranışlarını etkileyen bir nörogelişimsel bozukluktur (1). Hukuk alanında OSB farkındalığı ve bu konudaki literatür sınırlıdır. Bu nicel çalışma, bir devlet üniversitesinin hukuk fakültesindeki akademisyenlerin OSB’ye yönelik farkındalık ve tutumlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem:
Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırmanın evrenini bir kamu üniversitesi hukuk fakültesinde görev yapan akademisyenler (n=101) oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, evrenin tamamına ulaşılması hedeflenmiş olup, sonunda 56 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Kasım 2023 ile Nisan 2024 arasında yürütülen çalışmada, veriler yüz yüze anketlerle toplanmıştır. Bu anket katılımcıların sosyodemografik bilgilerinin sorulduğu 10 soru, otizm farkındalık seviyelerini değerlendiren 5’li Likert tipinde 44 soru ve otizme karşı tutumlarını sorgulayan 17 çoktan seçmeli sorudan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar anket formlarını doldurmuş ve araştırmacıların yönettiği anketlerin verileri ilgili üniversitenin Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı tarafından analiz edilmiştir. Pearson Ki-kare ve Fisher’s Exact testleri yapılmış olup, p<0,05 düzeyinde istatistiksel anlamlılık kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular:
Katılımcıların %57,1’i (n=32) kadın, %42,9’u (n=24) erkek olup, %44,6’sı (n=25) kamu hukuku, %51,8’i (n=29) özel hukuk alanında çalışmaktadır. Otizmli bireylerin sık karşılaştığı vakalar sorulduğunda “istismar” yanıtını veren kadın katılımcılar (%68,6, n=22), erkek katılımcılardan (%33,3, n=8) anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,009). Otizmli bireylere özel mahkeme salonları kurulması gerekliliği sorulduğunda “evet” diyen kadın katılımcılar (%90,6, n=29), erkek katılımcılardan (%66,7, n=16) anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,021). Otistik bir çocuğu veya akrabası olan katılımcılardan “otistik bireyler aniden bağırabilir veya ani hareketler yapabilir” ifadesine “evet” diyenlerin oranı (%100, n=7), deneyimi olmayan katılımcılardan (%74,4, n=32) anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p=0,036). Otistik bireylerin empati kurup kuramayacağına dair yanıtların katılımcıların meslekteki yıl sürelerine göre farklılık gösterdi (p=0,026).
Sonuç:
Bu niceliksel çalışmada, hukuk fakültesi akademisyenlerine uygulanan 44 maddelik Likert tipi otizm farkındalık anketi ile 17 çoktan seçmeli tutum sorusunun sonuçları araştırmacılar tarafından analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışma pilot çalışma olarak değerlendirilebilir. Elde edilen sonuçların, daha geniş örneklemle yapılacak gelecekteki araştırmalarda bir Otizm Farkındalık Ölçeği geliştirilmesine katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Farkındalık , Otizm spektrum bozukluğu , Hukukçular

AUTISM AWARENESS OF ACADEMICIANS IN A LAW SCHOOL IN ISTANBUL

Öz

Introduction and Aim:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave (1). ASD awareness in law and literature on this issue is limited. This quantitative study aims to assess the awareness and attitudes toward ASD among academic staff at a public university's law school.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive study was conducted on law school academicians at a public university in Istanbul, Turkey. This survey’s defined population was 101 academicians. Our researchers were able to contact and complete the questionnaires with 56 academics. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys between November 2023 and April 2024. The survey consisted of 10 questions regarding the participants' sociodemographic characteristics, 44 five-point Likert-type questions evaluating level of awareness of ASD, and 17 multiple-choice questions assessing their attitudes towards autism. The participants completed survey forms, and the material from questionnaires conducted by researchers was analyzed by the concerned university's Public Health Department. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests were used, and statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05.

Results:
Of the participants, 57.1% (n=32) were female and 42.9% (n=24) were male, and 44.6% (n=25) worked in public law and 51.8% (n=29) in private law. When asked about common cases encountered by autistic individuals, female participants responded with “abuse” (68.6%, n=22) significantly higher than male participants (33.3%, n=8) (p=0.009). When asked about the necessity of establishing special courtrooms for autistic individuals, female participants answered “yes” (90.6%, n=29) significantly higher than male participants (66.7%, n=16) (p=0.021). Among participants who had a child with autism or a close relative with a child with autism, those who answered “yes” to whether autistic individuals could suddenly shout or make abrupt movements (100%, n=7) were significantly higher than those without such experience (74.4%, n=32) (p=0.036).

Conclusion:
In this descriptive study, the results of the 44-item Likert-type questionnaire on autism awareness and the 17 multiple-choice questions evaluating attitudes toward autism, administered to academicians at the law school, were analyzed by the researchers. This study can be considered a pilot study. The results are expected to contribute to developing an Autism Awareness Scale in future research with a larger sample.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Awareness , Autism spectrum disorder , Lawyers

Kaynakça

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