Research Article
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Development of an attitude scale towards story writing for third-fourth-grade primary school students

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 31.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.426051

Abstract

The aim of this study is
to develop a valid and reliable Likert-type attitude scale for toward story
writing for third- and fourth-grade primary school students. 354 children from
three different schools in the Ereğli district of Zonguldak province, Turkey
constituted the sample of this research. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and
confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out to analyze the data. EFA
identified 20 items and two factors for the scale. These factors were termed as
“positive attitude” and “negative attitude.” CFA confirmed the two-factor
structure of the scale. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were found to be .92
for the overall scale, .90 for the first factor, and .89 for the second factor.
The test-retest reliability coefficients were .82 for the overall scale, .87
for the first factor, and .83 for the second factor. The results indicate a
valid and reliable measure for students’ attitudes towards story writing.

References

  • Akyol, H. (2013). Türkçe ilkokuma yazma öğretimi (13th ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Ateş, S. (2011). Evaluation of fifth-grade Turkish course learning and teaching process in terms of comprehension instruction. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gazi University Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societs. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 1-45). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Clark, C., & Dugdale, G. (2009). Young people’s writing: attitudes, behaviour and the role of technology. National Literacy Trust, 1-52.
  • Cohen, R.J., & Swerdlik, M.E. (2015). Psychological Testing and Assessment. E. Tavşancıl (Translation Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Daly, J. (1985). Writing apprehension. In Mike Rose (Ed), When a writer can’t write studies in writer’s block and other composing process problems (pp. 43-82). New York: Guilford Press. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306375000_Writing_Apprehension
  • DeVellis, R. F. (2014). Scale development. T. Totan (Translation). Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Edwards, A. L. (1957). Techniques of attitude scale construction. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. INC.
  • Gallick-Jackson, S.A. (1997). Improving narrative writing skills, composition skills, and related attitudes among second grade students by integrating word processing, graphic organizers, and art into a process approach to writing. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Nova Southeastern University, the USA. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED420064.pdf
  • Göçer, A. (2014a). The adaptation to Turkish of the writing attitude scale (WAS): The study of validity and reliability. Kastamonu Education Journal, 22(2), 515-524.
  • Göçer, A. (2014b). Yazma eğitimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Graham, S., Berninger, V., & Fan, W. (2007). The structural relationship between writing attitude and writing achievement in first and third grade students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 32, 516–536. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361476X07000057
  • Gürefe, N., & Kan, A. (2013). The study of validity and reliability of the attitude scale on the subject of geometric objects for the prospective teachers. Elementary Education Online, 12(2), 356-366. Retrieved from http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/ilkonline/article/view/5000037781/5000036639
  • Kan, A., & Akbaş, A. (2005). Lise öğrencilerinin kimya dersine yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 1(2), 227–237. Retrieved from http://chemistrynetwork.pixel-online.org/data/SMO_db/doc/58_3.pdf
  • Kear, D. J., Coffman, G.A., McKenna, M. C., & Ambrosio, A.L. (2000). Measuring attitude toward writing: A new tool for teachers. The Reading Teacher, 54(1), 10-23.
  • Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Çebi, A., & Kan, A. (2014). Developing a “social presence scale” for e-learning environments. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 14(2), 755–768. DOI: 10.12738/estp.2014.2.1847
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Knudson, R. E. (1991). Development and use of a writing attitude survey in grades 4 to 8. Psychological Reports, 68, 807-816. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pr0.1991.68.3.807
  • Knudson, R. E. (1992). Development and application of a writing attitude survey for grades 1 to 3. Psychological Reports, 70, 711-720. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3.711
  • Krawczyk, J. (2005). Writing attitudes: determining the effect of a community of learners project on the attitudes of composition students. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University, the USA. Retrieved from https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/9520/Krawczyk_okstate_0664M_1567.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Turkey Republic Ministry of National Education Board of Education and Discipline. (2009). Elementary Turkish curriculum and guide (Grades 1st-5th). Ankara: Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü Basım Evi.
  • Turkey Republic Ministry of National Education Board of Education and Discipline. (2015). Turkish (Grades 1st-8th) curriculum. Ankara: Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü Basım Evi.
  • Susar-Kırmızı, F. (2009). In Turkish courses the effect of creative writing efforts based on creative drama method on the writing attitude. Creative Drama Journal, 4(7), 51-67. Retrieved from http://yader.org/index.php/yader/article/viewFile/yader.2009.005/yader.2009.005
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. New York: HarperCollins.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Temizkan, M., & Sallabaş, M. E. (2009). Compare the attitudes of teacher candidates related to reading and writing activities. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 155-176.
  • Tompkins, G. E. (1982). Seven reasons why children should write stories. Language Arts, 59(7), 718-721. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41405103.pdf
  • Tompkins, G. E. (2006). Literacy for the 21th century: A balanced approach. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
  • Turan-Oluk, N., Kan, A., & Ekmekçi, G. (2016). The development of an attitude scale for concept mapping: the study for validity and reliability. KEFAD, 17(1), 95–110. Retrieved from http://kefad.ahievran.edu.tr/archieve/pdfler/Cilt17Sayi1/JKEF_17_1_2016_95-110.pdf
  • Williams, H. M. (2012). Third grade students’ writing attitudes, self- efficacy beliefs, and achievement. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, the USA. Retrieved from http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/12981
  • Zumbrunn, S. (2010). Nurturing students’ writing knowledge, self-regulation, attitudes, and self-efficacy: The effects of self-regulated strategy development. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Nebraska Lincoln, the USA.

İlkokul üçüncü-dördüncü sınıf öğrencileri için hikâye yazmaya yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirilmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 31.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.426051

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı,
ilkokul üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin hikâye yazmaya yönelik
tutumlarının belirlenmesi için geçerli ve güvenilir bir tutum ölçeği
geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Zonguldak ili Ereğli ilçesinde üç
farklı ilkokulda üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören toplam 354 öğrenci
oluşturmaktadır. Veriler üzerinde Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve
Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. AFA
sonucunda
ölçeğin 20 maddeden ve iki faktörden
oluştuğu belirlenmiştir.
Bu boyutlar “olumlu tutum” ve “olumsuz tutum”
olarak adlandırılmıştır. DFA analizi sonucunda iki faktörlü yapı
doğrulanmıştır. Ölçeğin tamamı için Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı .92 iken
birinci alt faktöre ilişkin α .90, ikinci alt faktöre ilişkin α .89 olarak
bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin tümüne ait test tekrar test güvenirliği .82 iken, birinci
alt faktöre ilişkin test tekrar test güvenirliği .87, ikinci alt faktöre
ilişkin test tekrar test güvenirliği ise .83 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular
sonucunda, ölçekle hikâye yazmaya yönelik tutumun geçerli ve güvenilir bir
şekilde ölçülebileceği ortaya konmuştur.

References

  • Akyol, H. (2013). Türkçe ilkokuma yazma öğretimi (13th ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Ateş, S. (2011). Evaluation of fifth-grade Turkish course learning and teaching process in terms of comprehension instruction. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gazi University Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societs. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 1-45). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Clark, C., & Dugdale, G. (2009). Young people’s writing: attitudes, behaviour and the role of technology. National Literacy Trust, 1-52.
  • Cohen, R.J., & Swerdlik, M.E. (2015). Psychological Testing and Assessment. E. Tavşancıl (Translation Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Daly, J. (1985). Writing apprehension. In Mike Rose (Ed), When a writer can’t write studies in writer’s block and other composing process problems (pp. 43-82). New York: Guilford Press. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306375000_Writing_Apprehension
  • DeVellis, R. F. (2014). Scale development. T. Totan (Translation). Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Edwards, A. L. (1957). Techniques of attitude scale construction. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. INC.
  • Gallick-Jackson, S.A. (1997). Improving narrative writing skills, composition skills, and related attitudes among second grade students by integrating word processing, graphic organizers, and art into a process approach to writing. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Nova Southeastern University, the USA. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED420064.pdf
  • Göçer, A. (2014a). The adaptation to Turkish of the writing attitude scale (WAS): The study of validity and reliability. Kastamonu Education Journal, 22(2), 515-524.
  • Göçer, A. (2014b). Yazma eğitimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Graham, S., Berninger, V., & Fan, W. (2007). The structural relationship between writing attitude and writing achievement in first and third grade students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 32, 516–536. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361476X07000057
  • Gürefe, N., & Kan, A. (2013). The study of validity and reliability of the attitude scale on the subject of geometric objects for the prospective teachers. Elementary Education Online, 12(2), 356-366. Retrieved from http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/ilkonline/article/view/5000037781/5000036639
  • Kan, A., & Akbaş, A. (2005). Lise öğrencilerinin kimya dersine yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 1(2), 227–237. Retrieved from http://chemistrynetwork.pixel-online.org/data/SMO_db/doc/58_3.pdf
  • Kear, D. J., Coffman, G.A., McKenna, M. C., & Ambrosio, A.L. (2000). Measuring attitude toward writing: A new tool for teachers. The Reading Teacher, 54(1), 10-23.
  • Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Çebi, A., & Kan, A. (2014). Developing a “social presence scale” for e-learning environments. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 14(2), 755–768. DOI: 10.12738/estp.2014.2.1847
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Knudson, R. E. (1991). Development and use of a writing attitude survey in grades 4 to 8. Psychological Reports, 68, 807-816. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pr0.1991.68.3.807
  • Knudson, R. E. (1992). Development and application of a writing attitude survey for grades 1 to 3. Psychological Reports, 70, 711-720. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3.711
  • Krawczyk, J. (2005). Writing attitudes: determining the effect of a community of learners project on the attitudes of composition students. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University, the USA. Retrieved from https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/9520/Krawczyk_okstate_0664M_1567.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Turkey Republic Ministry of National Education Board of Education and Discipline. (2009). Elementary Turkish curriculum and guide (Grades 1st-5th). Ankara: Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü Basım Evi.
  • Turkey Republic Ministry of National Education Board of Education and Discipline. (2015). Turkish (Grades 1st-8th) curriculum. Ankara: Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü Basım Evi.
  • Susar-Kırmızı, F. (2009). In Turkish courses the effect of creative writing efforts based on creative drama method on the writing attitude. Creative Drama Journal, 4(7), 51-67. Retrieved from http://yader.org/index.php/yader/article/viewFile/yader.2009.005/yader.2009.005
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. New York: HarperCollins.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Temizkan, M., & Sallabaş, M. E. (2009). Compare the attitudes of teacher candidates related to reading and writing activities. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 155-176.
  • Tompkins, G. E. (1982). Seven reasons why children should write stories. Language Arts, 59(7), 718-721. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41405103.pdf
  • Tompkins, G. E. (2006). Literacy for the 21th century: A balanced approach. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
  • Turan-Oluk, N., Kan, A., & Ekmekçi, G. (2016). The development of an attitude scale for concept mapping: the study for validity and reliability. KEFAD, 17(1), 95–110. Retrieved from http://kefad.ahievran.edu.tr/archieve/pdfler/Cilt17Sayi1/JKEF_17_1_2016_95-110.pdf
  • Williams, H. M. (2012). Third grade students’ writing attitudes, self- efficacy beliefs, and achievement. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, the USA. Retrieved from http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/12981
  • Zumbrunn, S. (2010). Nurturing students’ writing knowledge, self-regulation, attitudes, and self-efficacy: The effects of self-regulated strategy development. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Nebraska Lincoln, the USA.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Bengisu Kaya 0000-0001-6299-1370

Adnan Kan 0000-0002-3610-0033

Publication Date January 31, 2019
Acceptance Date December 17, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaya, B., & Kan, A. (2019). Development of an attitude scale towards story writing for third-fourth-grade primary school students. Turkish Journal of Education, 8(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.426051

Turkish Journal of Education is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0