Abstract
During the last
few decade, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been widely used in
industrial products. Perfluoroalkylated and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs)
are a diverse class of POPs and being widely dispersed anthropogenic chemicals.
PFASs include perfluorinated sulfonates such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
(PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). PFASs are worldwide environmental
contaminants with widespread presence in both the environment and the humans.
PFOS and its congeners are best known large family of PFASs.
PFOS and related
substances are excellent surface-active compounds that having extremely low
surface tensions. Therefore, PFOS and its congeners have been used widely in
industrial processes for more than 50 years. It is present in a range of
consumer products such as electronic appliances, fire-fighting foams, water
proof for textile and leather, fire/stain/water/grease repellents for carpets,
clothing or in non-stick surfaces for cooking materials, floor waxes, food
packaging, industrial surfactants, Pesticides (Sulfluramid); aviation fluids
air plains, etc.
PFOS and
derivatives are chemically inert and thermal stabil compounds. Due to, they are
not being easily degraded by physical, chemical or biological mechanisms in the
environment. Thus, they are persistent in the environment and bioacumulative
compounds. Its half-life in humans is about 5 years. Therefore, at an
international level, PFOS was added to the Annex B of the Stockholm Convention
on POPs in 2009 (UNEP 2010). PFOS are non lipofilic, differently from the
classic POPs. This nature of PFOS can lead to increased affinity for proteins.
Because of this affinity, they accumulate mainly in organs such as liver,
kidney, brain and spleen. Additionally, PFOS shows several toxic properties,
such as endocrine disrupting, carcinogenic activity, hepatotoxicity, developmental
toxicity, immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity. This review will discuss current
and recently published research investigating the toxic effects of PFASs in
laboratory animals and humans.
References
- Nesrin İÇLİ Kastamonu University Fazıl Boyner Faculty of Health Sciences, Kastamonu, Turkey
Abstract
References
- Nesrin İÇLİ Kastamonu University Fazıl Boyner Faculty of Health Sciences, Kastamonu, Turkey
Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 16, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: Volume 2 Issue: İssue 1 (1) - 2.İnternational Congress Of Forensic Toxicology |
