PHTHALATES TOXICITY AND ITS DETERMİNATION METHODS IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES

Year 2017, Volume: Volume 2 Issue: İssue 1 (1) - 2.İnternational Congress Of Forensic Toxicology, 268 - 268, 16.02.2017

Emrah Dural

Abstract

The phthalates
(PHTs), diesters of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic (phthalic) acid, are synthetic
compounds widely used as plasticizers, solvents and additives in many consumer
products because of their excellent properties and compatibility with vinyls
and other polymers. Since their wide usage and applications, PHTs may enter the
food chain and also the environment. Humans can be exposed to PHTs oral,
inhalation, dermal routes, intravenous and parenteral absorptions. PHTs are
listed as “chemicals of concern” by the U.S. EPA, because some PHTs can induce
reproductive anomalies. Epidemiological studies have indicated that some PHTs
which are diethyl phthalate (DEP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), benzyl butyl
phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are carcinogenic and can
affect human endocrine and reproductive systems. After entering into body, PHTs
can be metabolized to their hydrolytic monoesters and then some monoesters are
further transformed into oxidative metabolites after enzymatic oxidation.
Previous studies show that PHTs could occur in a variety of body fluids,
tissues and organs, which are urine, serum, breast milk, cord blood, fetal
liver, placenta and adipose tissue. Various analytical methods have been
developed for measuring PHTs and its monoester metabolites separately in
biological and environmental samples. Mostly using gas chromatography coupled
with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet
(HPLC-UV), mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or tandem MS (LC-MS/MS). Due to the
increasing concern on the PHTs, it is essential to have the sensitive, low cost
and efficient analytical methods that can quantify these chemicals and their
metabolite levels in human biological materials and also environmental samples.

 

Keywords

PHTHALATES TOXICITY AND ITS DETERMİNATION METHODS IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES

References

• Emrah DURAL
• Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sivas, Turkey