Fuel Properties of Sandbox (Hura crepitans Linn.) Methyl Ester and its Blends

Year 2022, , 119 - 130, 30.06.2022

David Onwe , Adeleke Isaac Bamgboye

https://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.1054684

Abstract

Fuel properties of Sandbox Methyl Ester (SBME) blends were experimentally determined. Pure SBME designated B100 was blended with diesel at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 50% volume designated B5, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B50 respectively. The fuel properties were determined according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) was used as a reference fuel. Fuel properties of the SBME were modified with the addition of diesel percentage in the blend from B100-B5: the density ranged from 891-865 kg m-3. The specific gravity ranged from 0.87-0.82. The kinematic viscosity ranged from 5.8-4.0 mm2 s-1. The flash and fire point decreased from 160-90°C and 230-140°C, while the cloud and pour points ranged from 4.6-3.4°C and -5.8-(-9.2)°C respectively. The heating value ranged from 40.50-41.45 MJ kg-1. The Cetane number for the SBME was 46.71. The saponification value ranged from 200-143 mgKOH g-1. The acid value varied from 2.7-2.2 mgKOH g-1, while the FFA content varied from 1.33-1.10 mg g-1. The Iodine value was in the range of 108-94 gI2 100g-1. The pH value varied from 6.80-5.60. The carbon content increased from 80.02-85.62 wt%, while the ash content increased from 0.01-0.16 g 100g-1. In comparison to the (AGO) and the ASTM standards, SBME was found to possessed good flow, ignition and combustion characteristics to power diesel engines.

Keywords

Sandbox seed oil, Biodiesel, Automotive gas oil, Fuel properties, Diesel

Supporting Institution

None

Project Number

None

Thanks

Thanks

References

• Adepoju TF, Abiodun A, Okunola AA and Dahunsi OS (2013). Experimental investigation of sand box biodiesel performance in an internal combustion engine. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2(11): 3833-3855.
• Adewuyi A, Gopfert A, Wolff T, Rao, BVSK and Prasad RBN (2012). Synthesis of azidohydrin from Hura crepitans seed oil: a renewable resource for oleochemical industry and sustainable development. ISRN Organic Chemistry, 2012/ID 873046.
• Aladetuyi A, Olatunji GA, Ogunniyi DS, Odetoye TE and Oguntoye SO (2014). Production and characterization of biodiesel using palm kernel oil; fresh and recovered from spent bleaching earth. Biodiesel Research Journal, 4: 134-138.
• Bamgboye AI and Hansen AC (2008). Prediction of Cetane number of biodiesel fuel from the Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) composition. Int. Agrophysics, 22: 21-29.
• Bamgboye AI and Oniya OO (2012). Fuel properties of loofah (Luffa cylindrica L.) biodiesel blended with diesel. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 6(9): 346-352.
• Barminas JT, Maina TM, Tahir S, Kubmarawa D and Tsware K (2001). A preliminary investigation into the biodiesel characteristics of Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) oil. Bioresource Technology, 79: 87-89.
• Basumatary S (2013). Non-conventional seed oils as potential feedstocks for future biodiesel industries: A Brief Review Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(5): 99-103.
• Bello EI and Agge M (2012). Biodiesel production from ground nut oil. JETEAS, 3(2): 276-80.
• Bello EI and Daniel F (2015). Optimization of groundnut oil biodiesel production and characterization. Applied Science Report, 9(3): 172-180.
• Buhain J and Guo M (2013). Production of biodiesel from fresh vegetable oil and waste frying oil. College of Agriculture and Related Science, Delaware State University, 2013.
• Cherng-Yuan Lin and Yi-Wei Lin (2012). Fuel Characteristics of biodiesel produced from a High-Acid oil from Soybean Soap-stock by Supercritical-Methanol Transesterification, Energies, 5: 2370-2380.
• Demirbas A (2007). Importance of Biodiesel as Transportation Fuel. Energy Police, 35: 4661-4670.
• Fangrui M, Hanna MA (1999). Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresource Technology, 7: 1-15.
• Feldkamp S (2006). Modern Biology. United States: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. p. 618.
• Goering CE, Schwab AW, Daugherty MJ, Pryde EH and Heakin AJ (1982). Fuel properties of eleven oils. Transactions ASAE, 25: 1472-1483.
• Haas MJ (2005). Improving the economics of biodiesel production through the use of low value lipids as feedstocks: vegetable oil soap-stock. Fuel Process Technology, 86: 1087-1096.
• Habibullah M, Masjuki HH, Kalam M A, Ashrafur Rahman SM, Mofijur M, Mobarak H M, and Ashraful AM (2015). Potential of Biodiesel as a Renewable Energy Source in Bangladesh. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 50: 819-834.
• Idowu DO, Abegunrin TP, Ola FA, Adediran AA and Olaniran JA (2012). Measurement of some engineering properties of sandbox seeds (Hura crepitans). Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. http://www.scihub.org/. Accessed 13th July 2018.
• Igbum OG, Eloka-Eboka AC and Nwadinigwe CA (2012). “Effects of transesterification variables on yields and properties of biodiesel fuels produced fromfour virgin tropical seeds oils,” International Journal of Environmental Bioenergy, l(1): 119-130.
• Indhumathi P, Shabudeen PS and Shoba US (2014). A method for production and characterization of biodiesel from green micro algae. International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, 6(5): 111-122.
• Knothe G, Steidley KR (2005). Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel fuel components and related compounds, Fuel, 84: 1059-1065.
• Kulkarni MG, Dalai AK and Bakhshi NN (2006). Utilization of green seed canola oil for biodiesel production. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 81: 1886-1893.
• Kumar V and Kant P (2013). Study of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel from sorghum oil. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(9): 64-68.
• Kumar K and Sharma MP (2016). Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 6(2).
• Ma F and Hanna M (1999). Biodiesel production: A review. Bioresource Technology, 70(1): 1-15.
• Meher LC, Sagar DV and Naik SN (2006). Technical aspects of biodiesel production by Transesterification: A review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10(3): 248-268.
• Moreno F, Munoz M and Morea-Roy J (1999). Sunflower Methyl Ester as a Fuel for Automobile Diesel Engines. In Transaction of the ASAE, 42(5):1181-1185.
• Neva Voca, Tajana Kricka, Vanja Janusic, Zeljko Jukic, Ana Matin and Darko Kis (2008). Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Different Raw Materials in Croatia. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 54(3); 232-244.
• Ogbunugafor A, Eneh FU, Ozumba AN, Igwo-Ezikpe MN, Okpuzor J, Igwilo JI, Adenekan SO and Onyekwelu OA (2011). Physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10(5): 409-414.
• Oniya OO and Bamgboye AI (2014). Production of biodiesel from groundnut (Arachis hypogea, L.) oil. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 16(1): 143.
• Rao PV (2011). Experimental investigations on the influence of properties of jatropha biodiesel on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a DI-CI engine. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 75: 855–868.
• Reyes JF and Sepulveda MA (2006). PM-10 Emissions and power of a diesel engine fuelled with crude and refined biodiesel from salmon oil. Fuel, 85: 1714-1719.
• Sathiyagnanam AP and Saravanan CG (2011). Experimental studies on the combustion characteristics and performance of a direct injection engine fueled with biodiesel/diesel blends with SCR, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Vol III WCE 2011, July 6-8, 2011, London, U.K.
• Sivaramakrishnan K and Ravikumar P (2012). Determination of Cetane number of biodiesel and its influence on physical properties. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7(2): 205-211.
• Van Gerpen J (2005). Biodiesel processing and production. Fuel Processing Technology, 86(10): 1097-1107.
• Varathan R and Karuppasamy K (2015). Performance Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Honne Oil Biodiesel Blends in Diesel Engine. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Research, 5(1): 38-42.
• Zhang Y, Dubé MA, McLean DD and Kates M (2003). Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: process design and technological assessment. Bioresource Technology, 89: 1-16.