Development and Performance Evaluation of Hand Operated Screw Juicer for Small Scale Application

Year 2023, , 133 - 150, 30.06.2023

Muyıwa Okusanya , Francis Agbongiaban

https://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.1220141

Abstract

Nutrients from fruits are lacking in most African diets despite their importance. This results in malnutrition and diseases. Some of the factors responsible for these dietary deficiencies are income level and technologies to address postharvest losses. A hand-operated screw juicer was developed in this technical brief to address some of the problems. The machine developed uses screw principle for fruits mastication and juice extraction. The screw juicer performance was tested based on extraction capacity, efficiency and number of runs. Bivariate linear regression was the statistical model used to understand the relationship between the explanatory variable, x (number of pass/runs) and the response variable, y (extraction capacity/efficiency). For orange, cucumber, pineapple, golden melon and watermelon, the efficiencies (%) are respectively 79.30, 48.68, 68.96, 56.41 and 56.52 at single pass. Also, the extraction capacities of the machine (L h-1) are respectively 6.38, 5.08, 9.16, 7.84 and 10.48 for the fruits. The efficiencies are higher with orange and pineapple due to fibrous nature of the fruits. Pineapple and watermelon gave higher extraction capacity due to higher water content and juicy nature, at 5 and 7 runs respectively. The model (Y = -49.29X1 + 295.71 ± 89.75) from the analysis using watermelon reveals machine extraction capacity in volume is a function of number of runs. The machine reached its highest extraction capacity of 10.48 liters in 1 hour at 7 runs. This extraction capacity makes the machine fit to meet daily dietary requirements (400 g per person, an equivalence of 380 ml) of more than 4 households if operated for one hour. The machine can be adopted for use by small scale processors as it is affordable, less stressful and easy to maintain.

Keywords

Crank, Mastication, Juicer, Hand-operated, Extraction-capacity

Supporting Institution

Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria

Project Number

37136418

Thanks

Thanks

References

• Adetola OA, Olajide JO and Olalusi AP (2014). Development of a screw press for palm oil extraction. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 5(7): 1416-1422.
• Afshin (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet, 392(10159): 1789-1858.
• Belonia AT (2004). Agricultural power and energy sources. TIGIM Review Center, Institute of Agricultural Engineering Manila. Central Philippine.
• Bochanic (2022), PFAs in the US population: Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAs) and your health. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry.
• Delphine M. Pott, Jose G. Vallarino and Sonia Osorio (2020). Metabolite changes during postharvest storage: effects on fruit quality traits. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://doi.org.10.3390/metabo10050187
• Eyeowa AD, Adesina BS, Diabana PD and Tanimola OA (2007). Design fabrication and testing of a manual juice extractor for small scale applications. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 22(5): 1-7.
• FAO (2021). Fruits and vegetables: Essential for healthy lives. Food and Agricultural Organization.
• International Year of Fruits and Vegetables (2021). www.fao.org
• Fonseca SC, Oliveira FA and Brecht JK (2002). Modeling respiration rate of fresh fruits and vegetables for modified atmosphere packages: a review. Journal of Food Engineering, 52(2), 99-119.
• Khurmi RS and Gupta JK (2005) A textbook of machine design. 14th Edition, Eurasia Publishing House (PVT.) Ltd, Ram Nagar, New Delhi.
• Labo V, Patil A, Phatak A and Chadra N (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249911/.10.4103/0973-7847.70902
• NSPRI (2023). Nigeria Records 50% Post-Harvest Losses Annually. https://www.nspri.gov.ng/index.php/en/more/general-news/298-pessu-nigeria-records-50-post-harvest-losses-annually
• Pietrangelo A (2020). Can teflon cookware increase your risk of cancer? https://www.healthline.com/health/teflon-cancer
• WHO (2019). Monitoring Health for the MDGs. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/324835/9789241565707-eng.pdf
• WHO (2021). Healthy diet: Practical advice on maintaining healthy diets. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet
• Yahaya SM and Mardiyya AY (2019). Review of postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables. Biomedical: Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, 13(4): 10192-10200.
• Zach, (2020). Introduction to Multiple Linear Regression. https://www.statology.org/multiple-linear-regression/
• Zeratsky K (2022). Is juicing healthier than eating whole fruits or vegetables? https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/juicing/faq-20058020