Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 88 - 103, 30.06.2021

Abstract

References

  • Abubakar MS and Benjamin IA (2019). Determination of selected engineering properties of Moringa oleifera seed. Food Research, 3(2): 96-101.
  • Adejumo BA and Abayomi DA (2012). Effect of moisture content on some physical properties of moringa oleifera seeds. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Verterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 1(5):12-21.
  • Ahmadi H, Mollazade K, Khorshidi J, Mohtasebi SS and Rajabipour A (2009). Some physical and mechanical properties of fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare). Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(1):66-75.
  • Ajav EA and Fakayode OA (2013). Mechanical properties of moringa (Moringa oleifera) seeds in relation to an Oil Expeller Design. Agrosearch, 13(3): 206-216.
  • Akani AO, Ohanwe CN and Omoniyi IO (2000). Determination of optimum impact for decortication of bambara groundnut. Proceedings of the Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers, 22: 87-89.
  • Anjorin TS, Ikokoh P and Okolo S (2010). Mineral composition of Moringa oleifera leaves, pods and seeds from two regions in Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12: 431-434.
  • Ardebili SM, Najafi G, Ghobadian B and Hashjin TT (2012). Determination of some mechanical properties of Castor seed (Ricinus communis L.) to design and fabricate an oil extraction machine. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14: 1219-1227.
  • ASAE (2001). Moisture measurement: Unground grain and seeds: ASAE S352.2. In ASAE Standard 2001, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI, pp. 577.
  • ASAE (2004). Compression test of food material of convex shape: ASAE S368.4. In ASAE Standard 2004, ASAE, St. Joseph, pp. 580-592.
  • Aviara NA and Ajikashile JO (2011). Effect of moisture content and loading orientation on some strength of conophor (Tetracarpidium conophorum) nut. Agricultural Engineering Research Journal, 1(1): 04-11.
  • Aviara NA, Power PP and Abbas T (2013). Moisture-dependent physical properties of Moringa oleifera seed relevant in bulk handling and mechanical processing. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 96-104
  • Coskun MB, Yalçın I and Özarslan C (2006). Physical properties of sweet corn seed (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) seed. Journal of Food Engineering, 74(4): 523-528. Fahey JW (2005). Moringa oleifera: A review of the medicinal evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees Life Journal, 1: 5.
  • Garnayak DK, Pradhan RC, Naik SN and Bhatnager N (2008). Moisture-dependent physical properties of jatropha seed (Jatropha Curcas L.). Industrial Crops Production, 27:123-129.
  • Hsu R, Midcap S, Arbainsyah DWL (2006). Moringa oleifera: Medicinal and socio-economical uses. International Course on Economic Botany, National Herbarium Leiden, the Netherlands.
  • Joshi DC, Das SK and Mukherjee RK (1993). Physical properties of pumpkin seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 54(3): 219-229.
  • Kasolo JN, Bimenya GS, Ojok L, Ochieng J and Ogwal-okeng JW (2010). Phytochemicals and uses of Moringa oleifera leaves in Ugandan rural communities. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4: 753-757.
  • Koocheki A, Razavi SMA, Milani E, Moghadan TM, Abedini M, Alamatiyan S and Izadikhah S (2007). Physical properties of watermelon seed as a function of moisture content and variety. International Agrophysics, 21: 349-359.
  • Morton JF (1991). The horseradish tree, Moringa pterigosperma (Moringaceae). A boon to arid lands. Economic Botany, 45(3): 318-333.
  • Ndukwe KS, Nwuba EIU, Nwajinka CO, Ngwangwa NV and Amaefule DO (2014). Moisture-dependent properties of unshelled Moringa oleifera seed. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 3(4):149-157.
  • Niveditha VR, Sridhar KR and Balasubramanian D (2013). Physical and mechanical properties of seeds and kernels of Canavalia of coastal sand dunes. International Food Research Journal 20(4): 1547-1554.
  • Nwuba EIU, Arinze EA and Braide FG (1994). Development of whole crop cowpea thresher as affected by grain and stalk properties. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, 2: 67-79.
  • Olaniyan AM and Oje K (2002). Some aspects of the mechanical properties of shea nut. Biosystems Engineering. 81(4): 413-420.
  • Olayanju CO, Dahunsi SO and Okonkwo CE (2018). Mechanical behaviour of Moringa oleifera seeds under compressıon loading. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) 9(11): 848-859.
  • Oloyede DO, Aviara NA and Shittu SK (2015). Measurement of engineering properties necessary to the design of Drumstick (Moringa oleifera L.) Pod Sheller. Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 40(3): 201-211.
  • Ozarslan C (2002). Physical properties of cottonseed. Journal of Bioresource Engineering, 83(2), 169-174.
  • Sacilik K, Ozturk R and Keskin R (2003). Some physical properties of hemp seed. Biosystems Engineering. 86 (2): 191-198.
  • Singh KK and Goswami TK (1996). Physical properties of cumin seed. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. Research, 64: 93-98.
  • Tabatabaeefar A (2003). Moisture-dependent physical properties of wheat. International Agrophysics, 12: 207-211.
  • Tavakoli H, Rajabipour A and Mohtasebi SS (2009). Moisture-Dependent of Some Engineering Properties of Soybean Grains. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR E-journal. Manuscript, 1110. Vol. XI.

Mechanical Behaviour of Unshelled Moringa oleifera Seeds at Varying Moisture Contents

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 88 - 103, 30.06.2021

Abstract

The determination of mechanical properties of unshelled Moringa oleifera seeds was studied under compression test at varying orientations and moisture contents for postharvest equipment design. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was applied in designing the experiment. The impact of varying moisture content levels of (10.25, 17.33, 24.47, and 32.34% dry basis) on the applied force at bio-yield and rupture, deformation, energy at rupture, crushing strength, and elastic modulus of the seed samples were investigated. Polynomial functions of the 2nd order with coefficients of correlation ranging between 0.642 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.999 gave the best fit and described the resulting relationships between the studied properties with respect to moisture levels at the two loading axes. Results obtained showed that the seed samples had maximum values of 80.3 N, 110 N and 257.2 J, for bio-yield force, rupture and rupture energy respectively at (10.25% d.b., in the horizontal orientation; whereas minimum values of 31.5 N, 54.9 N and 51.3 J for bio-yield force, rupture force and rupture energy occurred at (32.34% d.b.) respectively in the vertical orientation. Also, the maximum compressive strength of 5.8 N mm2 in the horizontal orientation of the seed samples at 10.25% d.b. whereas the minimum compressive strength (2.5 N mm2) occurred in the vertical orientation at 10.25% d.b. moisture content. The sample exhibited less resistive strength to crushing in the horizontal position as the moisture increased; whereas in the vertical position, the cell’s vertical edges provide some form of shield against external pressure which resulted in increased crushing resistance per contact area of the sample.

References

  • Abubakar MS and Benjamin IA (2019). Determination of selected engineering properties of Moringa oleifera seed. Food Research, 3(2): 96-101.
  • Adejumo BA and Abayomi DA (2012). Effect of moisture content on some physical properties of moringa oleifera seeds. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Verterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 1(5):12-21.
  • Ahmadi H, Mollazade K, Khorshidi J, Mohtasebi SS and Rajabipour A (2009). Some physical and mechanical properties of fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare). Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(1):66-75.
  • Ajav EA and Fakayode OA (2013). Mechanical properties of moringa (Moringa oleifera) seeds in relation to an Oil Expeller Design. Agrosearch, 13(3): 206-216.
  • Akani AO, Ohanwe CN and Omoniyi IO (2000). Determination of optimum impact for decortication of bambara groundnut. Proceedings of the Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers, 22: 87-89.
  • Anjorin TS, Ikokoh P and Okolo S (2010). Mineral composition of Moringa oleifera leaves, pods and seeds from two regions in Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12: 431-434.
  • Ardebili SM, Najafi G, Ghobadian B and Hashjin TT (2012). Determination of some mechanical properties of Castor seed (Ricinus communis L.) to design and fabricate an oil extraction machine. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14: 1219-1227.
  • ASAE (2001). Moisture measurement: Unground grain and seeds: ASAE S352.2. In ASAE Standard 2001, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI, pp. 577.
  • ASAE (2004). Compression test of food material of convex shape: ASAE S368.4. In ASAE Standard 2004, ASAE, St. Joseph, pp. 580-592.
  • Aviara NA and Ajikashile JO (2011). Effect of moisture content and loading orientation on some strength of conophor (Tetracarpidium conophorum) nut. Agricultural Engineering Research Journal, 1(1): 04-11.
  • Aviara NA, Power PP and Abbas T (2013). Moisture-dependent physical properties of Moringa oleifera seed relevant in bulk handling and mechanical processing. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 96-104
  • Coskun MB, Yalçın I and Özarslan C (2006). Physical properties of sweet corn seed (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) seed. Journal of Food Engineering, 74(4): 523-528. Fahey JW (2005). Moringa oleifera: A review of the medicinal evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees Life Journal, 1: 5.
  • Garnayak DK, Pradhan RC, Naik SN and Bhatnager N (2008). Moisture-dependent physical properties of jatropha seed (Jatropha Curcas L.). Industrial Crops Production, 27:123-129.
  • Hsu R, Midcap S, Arbainsyah DWL (2006). Moringa oleifera: Medicinal and socio-economical uses. International Course on Economic Botany, National Herbarium Leiden, the Netherlands.
  • Joshi DC, Das SK and Mukherjee RK (1993). Physical properties of pumpkin seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 54(3): 219-229.
  • Kasolo JN, Bimenya GS, Ojok L, Ochieng J and Ogwal-okeng JW (2010). Phytochemicals and uses of Moringa oleifera leaves in Ugandan rural communities. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4: 753-757.
  • Koocheki A, Razavi SMA, Milani E, Moghadan TM, Abedini M, Alamatiyan S and Izadikhah S (2007). Physical properties of watermelon seed as a function of moisture content and variety. International Agrophysics, 21: 349-359.
  • Morton JF (1991). The horseradish tree, Moringa pterigosperma (Moringaceae). A boon to arid lands. Economic Botany, 45(3): 318-333.
  • Ndukwe KS, Nwuba EIU, Nwajinka CO, Ngwangwa NV and Amaefule DO (2014). Moisture-dependent properties of unshelled Moringa oleifera seed. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 3(4):149-157.
  • Niveditha VR, Sridhar KR and Balasubramanian D (2013). Physical and mechanical properties of seeds and kernels of Canavalia of coastal sand dunes. International Food Research Journal 20(4): 1547-1554.
  • Nwuba EIU, Arinze EA and Braide FG (1994). Development of whole crop cowpea thresher as affected by grain and stalk properties. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, 2: 67-79.
  • Olaniyan AM and Oje K (2002). Some aspects of the mechanical properties of shea nut. Biosystems Engineering. 81(4): 413-420.
  • Olayanju CO, Dahunsi SO and Okonkwo CE (2018). Mechanical behaviour of Moringa oleifera seeds under compressıon loading. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) 9(11): 848-859.
  • Oloyede DO, Aviara NA and Shittu SK (2015). Measurement of engineering properties necessary to the design of Drumstick (Moringa oleifera L.) Pod Sheller. Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 40(3): 201-211.
  • Ozarslan C (2002). Physical properties of cottonseed. Journal of Bioresource Engineering, 83(2), 169-174.
  • Sacilik K, Ozturk R and Keskin R (2003). Some physical properties of hemp seed. Biosystems Engineering. 86 (2): 191-198.
  • Singh KK and Goswami TK (1996). Physical properties of cumin seed. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. Research, 64: 93-98.
  • Tabatabaeefar A (2003). Moisture-dependent physical properties of wheat. International Agrophysics, 12: 207-211.
  • Tavakoli H, Rajabipour A and Mohtasebi SS (2009). Moisture-Dependent of Some Engineering Properties of Soybean Grains. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR E-journal. Manuscript, 1110. Vol. XI.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Samson Ndukwe 0000-0003-0985-2931

Nkechi Ngwangwa 0000-0001-8615-2707

Nnaemeka Nwakuba 0000-0003-4356-8184

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Submission Date October 21, 2020
Acceptance Date January 16, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ndukwe, S., Ngwangwa, N., & Nwakuba, N. (2021). Mechanical Behaviour of Unshelled Moringa oleifera Seeds at Varying Moisture Contents. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 2(1), 88-103.

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