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On Old Turkic {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}

Year 2007, Volume: 8 Issue: 14, 97 - 115, 01.12.2007

Abstract

The article examines Old Turkic bound morpheme {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}, which serves as a proximative and supine marker. From grammaticalization point of view, we suppose that Old Turkic {-GalIr/-KAlIr} originally emerges from a postverbial construction including a vowel converb and auxiliary verb i.e A + käl-ir.

References

  • AĞCA, F. (2006), “Maniheist ve Budist Türkçe Metinlerin Tarihlendirilmesinde Kullanılan Ölçütler”, Türkbilig: Türkoloji Araştırmaları, 2006/12, Güz 2006: 3-37.
  • ----------, (2006), Uygurların Uygur Harfleriyle Yazılmış Eserlerinde Ses ve Şekil Özellikleri, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • ANDERSON, Gregory, D. S. (2004), Auxiliary Verb Constructions in Altai-Sayan Turkic, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • ARAT, R. R. (1928), Die Hilfsverben und Verbaladverbien im Altaischen. Inaugural- Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde, Wiemar.
  • ----------, (1979), Kutadgu Bilig III Indeks, İstanbul: TKAE yay.
  • ----------, (1991), Eski Türk Şiiri, Ankara: TTK yay.
  • ----------, (1991), Kutadgu Bilig I Metin, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • ----------, (1994), Kutadgu Bilig II Çeviri, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • ATALAY, B. (1998), Divanü Lûgat-it Türk Tercümesi I-IV, 4. Baskı, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • BANG, W., GABAIN, A. von (1929), Türkische Turfan-Texte I, Berlin.
  • BARUTCU ÖZÖNDER, F. S. (1998), Üç İtigsizler (Giriş-Metin-Tercüme-Notlar-İndeks- XXX Levha), Ankara: TDK yay.
  • BRINTON, L. J., TRAUGOTT, E. C. (2005), Lexicalization and Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • BROCKELMANN C. (1919), “Mahmūd al Kāšgharīs Darstellung des türkischen Verbalaus”, KSz: 29-49.
  • ----------, (1942), “Rev. Alttürkische Grammatik”, ZDMG (96): 353-364.
  • ----------, (1954), Osttürkische Grammatik Der Islamischen Litteratur-Sprachen Mittelasiens, Leiden: Brill Publication.
  • BYBEE, J. (1996), “Productivity, regularity and fusion: how language use affects the lexicon”, Singh, R. (ed.) Trubetzkoy’s Orphan: Preceedings of Roundtable “Morphology: Contemporary Responses, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publication: 247-269.
  • ----------, PERKINS, R., PAGLUICA, W. (1994), The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect and Modality in the Languages of the World, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
  • COMRIE, B. (1976), Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems, Cambridge.
  • DANKOFF, R., KELLY, J. (1982, 1984, 1985), Compendium of the Turkic Dialects, by Mahmud al-Kashghari, Sources of Oriental Languages and Literatures 7, Turkish Sources VII (ed.: Şinasi Tekin, Gönül Alpay-Tekin).
  • DEMİR, N. (1993), Postverbien im Türkeitürkischen: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung eines südanatolischen Dorfdialekts, Wiesbaden: Turcologica 17, Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • DEMİRCİ, K. (2003), Descriptive Verbs in Kazakh, University of Wisconsin-Madison: UMI Press.
  • ERDAL, M. (2004), A Grammar of Old Turkic, Leiden-Boston: Handbook of Oriental Studies, Brill Publications.
  • GABAIN, A. von (1995), Eski Türkçenin Grameri (Çev: Mehmet Akalın), Ankara: TDK yay.
  • GENCAN, T. N. (1975), Dilbilgisi, İstanbul.
  • GIVÓN, T. (1979), On Understanding Grammar, New York: Academic Press.
  • GÖKÇE, F. (2007), Oğuz Türkçesinde Fiil Birleşmeleri: Tarihsel-Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme Denemesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • HAMILTON, J. (1998), Budacı İyi ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalanın Uygurcası: Kalyanamkara ve Papamkara, (Çeviren.: Ece Korkut-İsmet Birkan), Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi: 11, Ankara: Simurg Yay.
  • HARRIS, M., RAMAT, P. (1987), Historical Developments of Auxiliaries, Berlin-New York- Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • HASPELMATH, M. (1999), “Why is grammaticalization irreversible?”, Linguistics 37-6: 1043-1068.
  • HEINE, B. (1993), Auxiliaries: Cognitive Forces and Grammaticalization, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • ----------, (2002), “On the Role of Context in Grammaticalization”, WISCHER, I., DIEWALD, G. [Ed.] New Reflections on Grammaticalization, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing Company: 83-103.
  • ----------, KUTEVA, T. (2004), World Lexicon of Grammaticalization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • ----------, REH, M. (1984), Grammaticalization and Reanalysis in African Languages, Hamburg: Buske.
  • HOPPER, P. J. (1987), “Emergent Grammar”. Berkeley Linguistic Society 13: 139-157.
  • ----------, TRAUGOTT, E. C. (2003), Grammaticalization, second edition, Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics.
  • İBRAHİM, A. (1995), Meaning and Usage of Compound Verbs in Modern Uighur and Uzbek, University of Washington: UMI Press.
  • KAYA, Ceval (1994), Uygurca Altun Yaruk, Giriş, Metin ve Dizin, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • KIM, N. (2002), “On the Expression of ‘Imminence’ in Korean”, Eoneohag 32: 39-59.
  • KURŁOWICZ, J. (1964), The Inflectional Categories of Indo- European, Heidelberg: Winter.
  • ----------, (1965), “The Evolution of Grammatical Categories”, Diogenes 51: 55-71.
  • KUTEVA, T. (2001), Auxiliation: An Enquiry into the Nature of Grammaticalization, Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press.
  • LEHMANN, C. (2002), Thoughts on Grammaticalization, second revised edition, Erfurt: Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Nr: 9.
  • ----------, (2004), “Theory and Method in Grammaticalization”, Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 32 / 2 : 152-187.
  • McMAHON, April M.S. (1994), Understanding Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • MEILLET, A. (1912), “L’évolution des formes grammaticales”, Rivista di Scienza 12: (26), Milano.
  • MULLER, F. W. K. (1920), Uigurica III, Uigurische Avadāna-Bruchstücke (I-VIII), Berlin: APAW.
  • RINGE, D. (2003), “Internal Reconstruction”. JOSEPH, B., JANDA, D., Richard D. [ed.] The Handbook of Historical Linguistics (içinde), Blackwell Publishing: 244-261.
  • SHIMIN, G., KLIMKEIT H. J. (1988), Das Zusammentreffen mit Maitreya. Die ersten fünf Kapitel der Hami-Version der Maitrisimit, In Zusammenarbeit mit Helmut Eimer und Jens Peter Laut herausgegeben, übersetzt und kommentiert, Bd.1-2, Wiesbaden.
  • ŞUKUROV, Ş. (1965), “-Şalır / -gälir formasi haqida”. Issledovaniya po grammatike i leksike tyurkskix yazıkov (içinde), Taşkent.
  • TEKİN, Ş. (1980), Maitrisimit Nom Bitig, Die Uigurische Übersetzung eines Werkes der buddhistischen Vaibhāsika-Schule. 1. Teil: Transliteration, Anmerkungen, 2. Teil: Analytischer und lücklaufiger Index, Berlin: Berliner Turfantexte IX. Übersetzung,
  • TEZCAN, S. (1974), Das uigurische Insadi-Sutra, Berlin: Berliner Turfan-Texte III.
  • TRAUGOTT, E. C. (1978), “On the Expression of Spatio-Temporal Relations in Language”, Greenberg, Joseph H. (ed.) Universals of Human Language, Volume 3 : Word Structure, Standford, California: Standford University Press: 369-400
  • TULUM, M., M. (1997), Özbekçe’de Tasvir Yardımcı Fiilleri, İstanbul.
  • YA MING, S. (1995), “The Semantics of the Chinese Verb Come”, Cognitive Linguistics in the Redwoods: The Expansion of a New Paradigm in Linguistics [Ed.: Casad H. E.], Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter: 507-540.
  • YULDAŞEV, A. A. (1965), Analitiçeskiye Formı Glagola v Tyurkskix Yazıkax, Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.

Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine

Year 2007, Volume: 8 Issue: 14, 97 - 115, 01.12.2007

Abstract

Eldeki makalede, Eski Türkçede yakınlaşıcı bakış açısı işaretçisi ve mastarlaştırıcı görevleriyle karşımıza çıkan -GAlIr bağımlı biçim biriminin sergilediği gramerleşme süreçleri ve ekin birinci işlevine kaynaklık ettiğini düşündüğümüz Tü. käl- bağımsız sözlüksel biriminin bu gramer kategorisini işaretleme yeteneği üzerinde durulacaktır.

References

  • AĞCA, F. (2006), “Maniheist ve Budist Türkçe Metinlerin Tarihlendirilmesinde Kullanılan Ölçütler”, Türkbilig: Türkoloji Araştırmaları, 2006/12, Güz 2006: 3-37.
  • ----------, (2006), Uygurların Uygur Harfleriyle Yazılmış Eserlerinde Ses ve Şekil Özellikleri, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • ANDERSON, Gregory, D. S. (2004), Auxiliary Verb Constructions in Altai-Sayan Turkic, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • ARAT, R. R. (1928), Die Hilfsverben und Verbaladverbien im Altaischen. Inaugural- Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde, Wiemar.
  • ----------, (1979), Kutadgu Bilig III Indeks, İstanbul: TKAE yay.
  • ----------, (1991), Eski Türk Şiiri, Ankara: TTK yay.
  • ----------, (1991), Kutadgu Bilig I Metin, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • ----------, (1994), Kutadgu Bilig II Çeviri, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • ATALAY, B. (1998), Divanü Lûgat-it Türk Tercümesi I-IV, 4. Baskı, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • BANG, W., GABAIN, A. von (1929), Türkische Turfan-Texte I, Berlin.
  • BARUTCU ÖZÖNDER, F. S. (1998), Üç İtigsizler (Giriş-Metin-Tercüme-Notlar-İndeks- XXX Levha), Ankara: TDK yay.
  • BRINTON, L. J., TRAUGOTT, E. C. (2005), Lexicalization and Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • BROCKELMANN C. (1919), “Mahmūd al Kāšgharīs Darstellung des türkischen Verbalaus”, KSz: 29-49.
  • ----------, (1942), “Rev. Alttürkische Grammatik”, ZDMG (96): 353-364.
  • ----------, (1954), Osttürkische Grammatik Der Islamischen Litteratur-Sprachen Mittelasiens, Leiden: Brill Publication.
  • BYBEE, J. (1996), “Productivity, regularity and fusion: how language use affects the lexicon”, Singh, R. (ed.) Trubetzkoy’s Orphan: Preceedings of Roundtable “Morphology: Contemporary Responses, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publication: 247-269.
  • ----------, PERKINS, R., PAGLUICA, W. (1994), The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect and Modality in the Languages of the World, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
  • COMRIE, B. (1976), Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems, Cambridge.
  • DANKOFF, R., KELLY, J. (1982, 1984, 1985), Compendium of the Turkic Dialects, by Mahmud al-Kashghari, Sources of Oriental Languages and Literatures 7, Turkish Sources VII (ed.: Şinasi Tekin, Gönül Alpay-Tekin).
  • DEMİR, N. (1993), Postverbien im Türkeitürkischen: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung eines südanatolischen Dorfdialekts, Wiesbaden: Turcologica 17, Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • DEMİRCİ, K. (2003), Descriptive Verbs in Kazakh, University of Wisconsin-Madison: UMI Press.
  • ERDAL, M. (2004), A Grammar of Old Turkic, Leiden-Boston: Handbook of Oriental Studies, Brill Publications.
  • GABAIN, A. von (1995), Eski Türkçenin Grameri (Çev: Mehmet Akalın), Ankara: TDK yay.
  • GENCAN, T. N. (1975), Dilbilgisi, İstanbul.
  • GIVÓN, T. (1979), On Understanding Grammar, New York: Academic Press.
  • GÖKÇE, F. (2007), Oğuz Türkçesinde Fiil Birleşmeleri: Tarihsel-Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme Denemesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • HAMILTON, J. (1998), Budacı İyi ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalanın Uygurcası: Kalyanamkara ve Papamkara, (Çeviren.: Ece Korkut-İsmet Birkan), Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi: 11, Ankara: Simurg Yay.
  • HARRIS, M., RAMAT, P. (1987), Historical Developments of Auxiliaries, Berlin-New York- Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • HASPELMATH, M. (1999), “Why is grammaticalization irreversible?”, Linguistics 37-6: 1043-1068.
  • HEINE, B. (1993), Auxiliaries: Cognitive Forces and Grammaticalization, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • ----------, (2002), “On the Role of Context in Grammaticalization”, WISCHER, I., DIEWALD, G. [Ed.] New Reflections on Grammaticalization, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing Company: 83-103.
  • ----------, KUTEVA, T. (2004), World Lexicon of Grammaticalization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • ----------, REH, M. (1984), Grammaticalization and Reanalysis in African Languages, Hamburg: Buske.
  • HOPPER, P. J. (1987), “Emergent Grammar”. Berkeley Linguistic Society 13: 139-157.
  • ----------, TRAUGOTT, E. C. (2003), Grammaticalization, second edition, Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics.
  • İBRAHİM, A. (1995), Meaning and Usage of Compound Verbs in Modern Uighur and Uzbek, University of Washington: UMI Press.
  • KAYA, Ceval (1994), Uygurca Altun Yaruk, Giriş, Metin ve Dizin, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • KIM, N. (2002), “On the Expression of ‘Imminence’ in Korean”, Eoneohag 32: 39-59.
  • KURŁOWICZ, J. (1964), The Inflectional Categories of Indo- European, Heidelberg: Winter.
  • ----------, (1965), “The Evolution of Grammatical Categories”, Diogenes 51: 55-71.
  • KUTEVA, T. (2001), Auxiliation: An Enquiry into the Nature of Grammaticalization, Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press.
  • LEHMANN, C. (2002), Thoughts on Grammaticalization, second revised edition, Erfurt: Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Nr: 9.
  • ----------, (2004), “Theory and Method in Grammaticalization”, Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 32 / 2 : 152-187.
  • McMAHON, April M.S. (1994), Understanding Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • MEILLET, A. (1912), “L’évolution des formes grammaticales”, Rivista di Scienza 12: (26), Milano.
  • MULLER, F. W. K. (1920), Uigurica III, Uigurische Avadāna-Bruchstücke (I-VIII), Berlin: APAW.
  • RINGE, D. (2003), “Internal Reconstruction”. JOSEPH, B., JANDA, D., Richard D. [ed.] The Handbook of Historical Linguistics (içinde), Blackwell Publishing: 244-261.
  • SHIMIN, G., KLIMKEIT H. J. (1988), Das Zusammentreffen mit Maitreya. Die ersten fünf Kapitel der Hami-Version der Maitrisimit, In Zusammenarbeit mit Helmut Eimer und Jens Peter Laut herausgegeben, übersetzt und kommentiert, Bd.1-2, Wiesbaden.
  • ŞUKUROV, Ş. (1965), “-Şalır / -gälir formasi haqida”. Issledovaniya po grammatike i leksike tyurkskix yazıkov (içinde), Taşkent.
  • TEKİN, Ş. (1980), Maitrisimit Nom Bitig, Die Uigurische Übersetzung eines Werkes der buddhistischen Vaibhāsika-Schule. 1. Teil: Transliteration, Anmerkungen, 2. Teil: Analytischer und lücklaufiger Index, Berlin: Berliner Turfantexte IX. Übersetzung,
  • TEZCAN, S. (1974), Das uigurische Insadi-Sutra, Berlin: Berliner Turfan-Texte III.
  • TRAUGOTT, E. C. (1978), “On the Expression of Spatio-Temporal Relations in Language”, Greenberg, Joseph H. (ed.) Universals of Human Language, Volume 3 : Word Structure, Standford, California: Standford University Press: 369-400
  • TULUM, M., M. (1997), Özbekçe’de Tasvir Yardımcı Fiilleri, İstanbul.
  • YA MING, S. (1995), “The Semantics of the Chinese Verb Come”, Cognitive Linguistics in the Redwoods: The Expansion of a New Paradigm in Linguistics [Ed.: Casad H. E.], Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter: 507-540.
  • YULDAŞEV, A. A. (1965), Analitiçeskiye Formı Glagola v Tyurkskix Yazıkax, Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Faruk Gökçe This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 8 Issue: 14

Cite

APA Gökçe, F. . (2007). Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine. Türkbilig / Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(14), 97-115.
AMA Gökçe F. Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine. Türkbilig / Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi. December 2007;8(14):97-115.
Chicago Gökçe, Faruk. “Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine”. Türkbilig / Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, no. 14 (December 2007): 97-115.
EndNote Gökçe F (December 1, 2007) Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine. Türkbilig / Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 14 97–115.
IEEE F. . Gökçe, “Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine”, Türkbilig / Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 14, pp. 97–115, 2007.
ISNAD Gökçe, Faruk. “Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine”. Türkbilig / Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/14 (December 2007), 97-115.
JAMA Gökçe F. Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine. Türkbilig / Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2007;8:97–115.
MLA Gökçe, Faruk. “Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine”. Türkbilig / Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 14, 2007, pp. 97-115.
Vancouver Gökçe F. Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine. Türkbilig / Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2007;8(14):97-115.