AYDINLANMANIN OSMANLI DÜNYASINDAKİ ERKEN ETKİLERİ VE IOANNIS PRINGOS (1725-1789)

Year 2018, Issue: 29, 79 - 102, 29.12.2018

Hasan Çolak

https://doi.org/10.20427/turkiyat.414022

Abstract

Osmanlı Rum cemaatinin 18. yüzyıl Avrupası ile kurduğu iletişim
kanallarının en önemlilerinden biri olan ticarileşme, çoğu zaman
milliyetçiliğin entelektüel altyapısının oluştuğu bir safha olarak
değerlendirilmektedir. Bu yaklaşıma göre, o dönemde Avrupa’da, değişimi öngören
Aydınlanma fikirlerinden haberdar olmaya başlayan Rum tüccarları, Osmanlı
düzenine alternatif bir dünya hayal etmeye başlamışlardır. Bu makale bu
meseleleri, Teselya’nın yükselen yerleşim yerlerinden biri olan Zagora’dan
çıkıp farklı Osmanlı ve Avrupa liman kentlerinde ticaret yaptıktan sonra
Amsterdam’a yerleşen, burada biriktirdiği servet ile de Zagora’ya geri dönüp burada
bir kütüphane kuran Ioannis Pringos üzerinden incelemektedir. Makale, Aydınlanma
fikirlerinin Osmanlı Rumları arasında nüfuz etme biçimlerinin Avrupa’nın olduğu
kadar Osmanlı dünyasının dinamikleri de göz önünde tutulduğunda tam anlamıyla
kavranabileceği fikrini savunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, tamamen Avrupa’daki
entelektüel hareketlerin etkisi altında olduğu varsayılan Pringos gibi Osmanlı
gayrimüslimleri hem Avrupa hem de Osmanlı bağlamlarında incelendiğinde
Aydınlanmanın Osmanlı dünyasındaki erken etkilerinin bazı durumlarda son derece
sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

Aydınlanma, Osmanlı Rumları, Zagora, Ioannis Pringos, milliyetçilik

Early Influences of the Enlightenment in the Ottoman World and Ioannis Pringos (1725-1789)

Abstract

One of the
most important channels of interaction with the 18^th-century Europe,
commercialization of the Ottoman Greek Orthodox community is often regarded as
a phase when the intellectual groundwork of nationalism is formed. According to
this view, having acquainted themselves with the ideas of the Enlightenment
that envisaged a change in Europe, these merchants began to imagine an
alternative world to the Ottoman order. This article analyses these issues
through Ioannis Pringos, who hailed from the rising Thessalian settlement of
Zagora, traded in various Ottoman and European port cities, settled in
Amsterdam and with the fortune he accumulated there, he established a library
in his native Zagora upon his return. The article puts forward the view that
the manners in which the Enlightenment ideas infiltrated among the Ottoman
Greek Orthodox can be fully grasped by paying due attention to the dynamics of
the Ottoman, as well as the European worlds. Therefore, when those Ottoman
non-Muslims who were supposed to be under the exclusive influence of European
intellectual movements are analysed in both European and Ottoman contexts, it
appears that in some cases early influences of the Enlightenment in the Ottoman
world were extremely limited.

Keywords

Enlightenment, Ottoman Greeks, Zagora, Ioannis Pringos, nationalism

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