Determination of heavy metals and pesticide residue in soil, plant and water along Asa-River Tributary

Year 2025, , 46 - 54, 31.01.2025

Lukman Abdulra'uf , Suleman Olokoba

https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1583276

Abstract

The QuEChERS sample preparation method, coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was optimized and validated for pesticide determination in soil, water, and vegetables. Experimental parameters, such as mass of sample, volume of solvents, extraction time, and sorbents, were optimized using Minitab statistical software. The GC-MS method showed excellent linearity, selectivity, and recovery, with detection limits ranging from >0.001 µg/L and quantification limits from 0.003 µg/L. The analysis of pesticide samples revealed 17 identified pesticides, with Endosulfan ether showing the highest residue concentration (1.41 mg/L) in Soil Sample 2. Similar trends were observed in Vegetable Samples 5 and 6, with residue concentrations ranging from 0.00–0.87 mg/L and 0.00–0.06 mg/L, respectively. No pesticide residues were detected in soil Sample 1, water Samples 3 and 4. Additionally, heavy metal analysis (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, As, and Fe) was conducted using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) on soil, water, and vegetable samples collected from Asa-river farmland. The results showed variations in metal content across samples, exceeding WHO guidelines, except for cadmium in water and plant samples and nickel in Soil Samples 4 and 6. These methods offer favorable toxicological, environmental, and economic benefits, making them ideal for routine monitoring of pesticides and heavy metals in agricultural farm products.

Keywords

pollution, heavy metals, pesticide residues, Design of Experiment, QuEChERS.

Ethical Statement

no ethical statement

Supporting Institution

Kwaea State University

Project Number

1583276

Thanks

the authors thank the editorial board for taking time to read and considering this manuscript

Determination of heavy metals and pesticide residue in soil, plant and water along Asa-River Tributary

Abstract

Project Number

1583276

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