Research Article
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Comparison of some mineral and heavy metal contents of blossom honey samples from Yamadağ and Battalgazi regions

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 182 - 190, 31.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1652944

Abstract

Honey is a valuable nutritional bee product, particularly in terms of essential minerals. The mineral composition depends on geographical and botanical factors. This study aims to determine trace element composition of honey samples collected from Yamadağ Mountain and the Battalgazi Plateau of Malatya province, Türkiye. In this study, elemental changes in honey were investigated according to two different bee genetic types of Apis mellifera, Apis mellifera caucasica and Apis mellifera carnica. The Honey samples were analyzed for their mineral content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The findings revealed significant variations in mineral composition based on geographical origin and floral diversity. Analyses of honey samples from the Yamadağ and Battalgazi regions revealed that the former has lower concentrations of trace elements compared to the latter. However, both regions' honey samples exhibited heavy metal levels within acceptable limits.

References

  • L.P. Vanhanen, A. Emmertz, G.P. Savage, Mineral analysis of mono-floral New Zealand honey, Food Chem, 128(1), 2011, 236-240.
  • V. Nanda, B.C. Sarkar, H.K. Sharma, A.S. Bawa, Physico-chemical properties and estimation of mineral content in honey produced from different plants in Northern India, Food Compos Anal, 16(5), 2003, 613-619.
  • S. Dinç, M. Kara, Ç. Takma, Y. Kara, S. Kolaylı, Strawberries from Konya in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye: Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Potential and Mineral Composition, Applied Fruit Science, 66(4), 2024, 1229-1240.
  • T.R. Godebo, H. Stoner, P. Taylor, M. Jeuland, Metals in honey from bees as a proxy for environmental contamination in the United States, Environmental Pollution, 364, 2025, 125221.
  • N.A. Obasi, C. Aloke, S.E. Obasi, A.C. Famurewa, P.N. Ogbu, G.N. Onyeji, Elemental composition and associated health risk of honey obtained from apiary farms in Southeast Nigeria, Journal of Food Protection, 83(10), 2020, 1745–1756.
  • M. Moniruzzaman, M.A.Z. Chowdhury, M.A. Rahman, S.A. Sulaiman, S.H. Gan, Determination of mineral, trace element, and pesticide levels in honey samples originating from different regions of Malaysia compared to Manuka honey, Biomed Res Int, 1, 2014, 359890.
  • S.P. Kek, N.L. Chin, S.W. Tan, Y.A. Yusof, L.S. Chua, Classification of honey from its bee origin via chemical profiles and mineral content, Food Anal Methods, 10, 2017, 19–30.
  • M. Küçük, S. Kolaylı, Ş. Karaoğlu, E. Ulusoy, C. Baltacı, F. Candan, Biological activities and chemical composition of three honeys of different types from Anatolia, Food Chem, 100(2), 2007, 526–534.
  • U. Ertop, H. Şevik, M.H. Ertop, Mineral composition and heavy metal contents of chestnut honey collected from Kastamonu region, Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, 6(2), 2023, 73-87.
  • Anonymous, 2025, http://www.malatya.gov.tr/cografi-konum
  • S. Karlıdağ, A. Köseman, A. Akyol, G. Saatçıoğlu, İ. Şeker, A. Uyumlu, M. Yılmaztekin, S. Erdoğan, The effects of different industrial sugars on royal jelly production, Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 73(4), 2023, 4689–4696.
  • S. Bakırcı, Aydın İlinde Üretimi Yapılan Bazı Arı Ürünlerindeki Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması, Yüksek lisans programı, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyokimya (Veteriner), Aydın, 2019.
  • Codex Alimentarius international Food Standards, 2022, www.Standartlar Codexalimentarius FAO-WHO
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, 17 Mayıs 2008 Cumartesi, Sayı: 26879, Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda Maddelerindeki Bulaşanların Maksimum Limitleri Hakkında Tebliğ (Tebliğ No: 2008/26), Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığından, 2008, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/05/20080517-7.htm
  • Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bal Tebliğ (Tebliğ No: 2020/7), 2020, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/04/20200422-13.htm
  • T.D. Çiftçi, Investigation of arsenic, copper, iron, lead leaching to acidic and alkaline waters from soil, Karaelmas Fen ve Müh Derg, 8(1), 2018, 73-78.
  • S. Kolayli, Z. Can, H.E. Çakir, O.T. Okan, O. Yildiz, An investigation on Trakya region Oak (Quercus spp.) honeys of Turkey: Their physico-chemical, antioxidant and phenolic compounds properties, Turk J Biochem, 43(4), 2018, 362-374.
  • A.Ş. Bengü, M.A. Kutlu, Analysis of some essential and toxic elements by ICP-MS in honey obtained from Bingol, U Bee J, 20(1), 2020, 1-12.
  • I.K. Karabagias, A.P. Louppis, S. Kontakos, C. Papastephanou, M.G. Kontominas, Characterization and geographical discrimination of Greek pine and thyme honeys based on their mineral content, using chemometrics, Eur Food Res Technol, 243, 2017, 101-113.
  • D. Pipoyan, S. Stepanyan, M. Beglaryan, S. Stepanyan, S. Asmaryan, A. Hovsepyan, N. Merendino, Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of trace elements and POPs in honey from Shirak and Syunik regions of Armenia, Chemosphere, 239, 2020, 124809.
  • S.S. Altunatmaz, D. Tarhan, F. Aksu, N.P. Ozsobaci, M.E. Or, U.B. Barutcu, Levels of chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, selenium, zinc, cadmium, lead and aluminium of honey varieties produced in Turkey, Food Sci Tech-Brazil, 39, 2018, 392-397.
  • M. Tuzen, S. Silici, D. Mendil, M. Soylak, Trace element levels in honeys from different regions of Turkey, Food Chem, 103, 2007, 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.053
  • WHO, Manganese and Its Compounds: Environmental Aspects, Geneva, 6-7, 2004.
  • E. Buldağ, Nikel(II) ve Mangan(II)’In Sulu Çözeltiden Klorit İhtiva Eden Killerle Uzaklaştırılması, Yüksek lisans tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır, 2018.
  • A. Meister, M.J. Gutierrez-Gines, A. Maxfield, S. Gaw, N. Dickinson, J. Horswell, B. Robinson, Chemical elements and the quality of Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) Honey, Foods, 10, 2021, 1670.
  • S. Silici, O.D. Uluozlu, M. Tuzen, M. Soylak, Assessment of trace element levels in rhododendron honeys of Black Sea Region, Turkey, J Hazard Mater, 156, 2008, 612-618.
  • O. Aygün, Some toxic heavy metal levels of honeys produced in Elazig, Fırat Üniversitesi Müh Bil Dergisi, 32(1), 2020, 119-125.
  • S. Sobhanardakani, M. Kianpour, Heavy metal levels and potential health risk assessment in honey consumed in the west of Iran, Avicenna J Environ Health Eng, 3(2), 2016, e7795.
  • M. Ligor, T. Kowalkowski, B. Buszewski, Comparative study of the potentially toxic elements and essential microelements in honey depending on the geographic origin, Molecules, 27, 2022, 5474.
  • E.O. Çakır, Türkiye’nin Farklı Bölgelerinden Toplanan Süt Örneklerinde Bazı Metal Düzeyleri, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2009.
  • El-K. A. Taha, S. Al-Kahtani, R. Taha, Comparison of pollen spectra and amount of mineral content in honey produced by Apis florea F. and Apis mellifera L., Journal Of The Kansas Entomological Society, 91(1), 2018, 1–7.
  • A. Manouchehri, M. Pirhadi, S. Shokri, G.J. Khaniki, S. Shamaei, M.H. Miranzadeh, The possible effects of heavy metals in honey as toxic and carcinogenic substances on human health: a systematic review (toksik ve kanserojen bir madde olarak baldaki ağır metallerin insan sağlığına olası etkileri; sistematik bir inceleme), Arı D/U Bee J, 21(2), 2021, 238-248.
  • L. Bezberdaya, O. Chernitsova, M. Lychagin, et al, Pollution of a Black Sea coastal city: potentially toxic elements in urban soils, road dust, and their PM10 fractions, J Soils Sediments, 24, 2024, 3485–3506.

Yamadağ ve Battalgazi yörelerinden toplanan çiçek balı örneklerinin bazı mineral ve ağır metal içeriklerinin karşılaştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 182 - 190, 31.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1652944

Abstract

Bal, özellikle esansiyel mineraller açısından değerli bir besin arı ürünüdür. Mineral bileşimi coğrafi ve botanik faktörlere bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin Malatya ili Battalgazi ilçesi ve Yamadağ Yaylası'ndan toplanan bal örneklerinin eser element bileşimini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, baldaki element değişimleri Apis mellifera'nın iki farklı arı genetik tipi olan Apis mellifera caucasica ve Apis mellifera carnica kolonilerinden elde edilen örneklerde araştırılmıştır. Bal örnekleri, indüktif olarak eşleştirilmiş plazma kütle spektrometrisi (ICP-MS) kullanılarak mineral içerikleri açısından analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, coğrafi kökene ve çiçek çeşitliliğine bağlı olarak mineral bileşiminde önemli farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Yamadağ ve Battalgazi bölgelerinden alınan bal örneklerinin analizleri, ilkinin ikincisine kıyasla daha düşük eser element konsantrasyonlarına sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ancak, her iki bölgenin bal örnekleri kabul edilebilir sınırlar içinde ağır metal seviyeleri göstermiştir.

References

  • L.P. Vanhanen, A. Emmertz, G.P. Savage, Mineral analysis of mono-floral New Zealand honey, Food Chem, 128(1), 2011, 236-240.
  • V. Nanda, B.C. Sarkar, H.K. Sharma, A.S. Bawa, Physico-chemical properties and estimation of mineral content in honey produced from different plants in Northern India, Food Compos Anal, 16(5), 2003, 613-619.
  • S. Dinç, M. Kara, Ç. Takma, Y. Kara, S. Kolaylı, Strawberries from Konya in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye: Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Potential and Mineral Composition, Applied Fruit Science, 66(4), 2024, 1229-1240.
  • T.R. Godebo, H. Stoner, P. Taylor, M. Jeuland, Metals in honey from bees as a proxy for environmental contamination in the United States, Environmental Pollution, 364, 2025, 125221.
  • N.A. Obasi, C. Aloke, S.E. Obasi, A.C. Famurewa, P.N. Ogbu, G.N. Onyeji, Elemental composition and associated health risk of honey obtained from apiary farms in Southeast Nigeria, Journal of Food Protection, 83(10), 2020, 1745–1756.
  • M. Moniruzzaman, M.A.Z. Chowdhury, M.A. Rahman, S.A. Sulaiman, S.H. Gan, Determination of mineral, trace element, and pesticide levels in honey samples originating from different regions of Malaysia compared to Manuka honey, Biomed Res Int, 1, 2014, 359890.
  • S.P. Kek, N.L. Chin, S.W. Tan, Y.A. Yusof, L.S. Chua, Classification of honey from its bee origin via chemical profiles and mineral content, Food Anal Methods, 10, 2017, 19–30.
  • M. Küçük, S. Kolaylı, Ş. Karaoğlu, E. Ulusoy, C. Baltacı, F. Candan, Biological activities and chemical composition of three honeys of different types from Anatolia, Food Chem, 100(2), 2007, 526–534.
  • U. Ertop, H. Şevik, M.H. Ertop, Mineral composition and heavy metal contents of chestnut honey collected from Kastamonu region, Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, 6(2), 2023, 73-87.
  • Anonymous, 2025, http://www.malatya.gov.tr/cografi-konum
  • S. Karlıdağ, A. Köseman, A. Akyol, G. Saatçıoğlu, İ. Şeker, A. Uyumlu, M. Yılmaztekin, S. Erdoğan, The effects of different industrial sugars on royal jelly production, Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 73(4), 2023, 4689–4696.
  • S. Bakırcı, Aydın İlinde Üretimi Yapılan Bazı Arı Ürünlerindeki Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması, Yüksek lisans programı, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyokimya (Veteriner), Aydın, 2019.
  • Codex Alimentarius international Food Standards, 2022, www.Standartlar Codexalimentarius FAO-WHO
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, 17 Mayıs 2008 Cumartesi, Sayı: 26879, Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda Maddelerindeki Bulaşanların Maksimum Limitleri Hakkında Tebliğ (Tebliğ No: 2008/26), Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığından, 2008, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/05/20080517-7.htm
  • Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bal Tebliğ (Tebliğ No: 2020/7), 2020, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/04/20200422-13.htm
  • T.D. Çiftçi, Investigation of arsenic, copper, iron, lead leaching to acidic and alkaline waters from soil, Karaelmas Fen ve Müh Derg, 8(1), 2018, 73-78.
  • S. Kolayli, Z. Can, H.E. Çakir, O.T. Okan, O. Yildiz, An investigation on Trakya region Oak (Quercus spp.) honeys of Turkey: Their physico-chemical, antioxidant and phenolic compounds properties, Turk J Biochem, 43(4), 2018, 362-374.
  • A.Ş. Bengü, M.A. Kutlu, Analysis of some essential and toxic elements by ICP-MS in honey obtained from Bingol, U Bee J, 20(1), 2020, 1-12.
  • I.K. Karabagias, A.P. Louppis, S. Kontakos, C. Papastephanou, M.G. Kontominas, Characterization and geographical discrimination of Greek pine and thyme honeys based on their mineral content, using chemometrics, Eur Food Res Technol, 243, 2017, 101-113.
  • D. Pipoyan, S. Stepanyan, M. Beglaryan, S. Stepanyan, S. Asmaryan, A. Hovsepyan, N. Merendino, Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of trace elements and POPs in honey from Shirak and Syunik regions of Armenia, Chemosphere, 239, 2020, 124809.
  • S.S. Altunatmaz, D. Tarhan, F. Aksu, N.P. Ozsobaci, M.E. Or, U.B. Barutcu, Levels of chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, selenium, zinc, cadmium, lead and aluminium of honey varieties produced in Turkey, Food Sci Tech-Brazil, 39, 2018, 392-397.
  • M. Tuzen, S. Silici, D. Mendil, M. Soylak, Trace element levels in honeys from different regions of Turkey, Food Chem, 103, 2007, 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.053
  • WHO, Manganese and Its Compounds: Environmental Aspects, Geneva, 6-7, 2004.
  • E. Buldağ, Nikel(II) ve Mangan(II)’In Sulu Çözeltiden Klorit İhtiva Eden Killerle Uzaklaştırılması, Yüksek lisans tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır, 2018.
  • A. Meister, M.J. Gutierrez-Gines, A. Maxfield, S. Gaw, N. Dickinson, J. Horswell, B. Robinson, Chemical elements and the quality of Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) Honey, Foods, 10, 2021, 1670.
  • S. Silici, O.D. Uluozlu, M. Tuzen, M. Soylak, Assessment of trace element levels in rhododendron honeys of Black Sea Region, Turkey, J Hazard Mater, 156, 2008, 612-618.
  • O. Aygün, Some toxic heavy metal levels of honeys produced in Elazig, Fırat Üniversitesi Müh Bil Dergisi, 32(1), 2020, 119-125.
  • S. Sobhanardakani, M. Kianpour, Heavy metal levels and potential health risk assessment in honey consumed in the west of Iran, Avicenna J Environ Health Eng, 3(2), 2016, e7795.
  • M. Ligor, T. Kowalkowski, B. Buszewski, Comparative study of the potentially toxic elements and essential microelements in honey depending on the geographic origin, Molecules, 27, 2022, 5474.
  • E.O. Çakır, Türkiye’nin Farklı Bölgelerinden Toplanan Süt Örneklerinde Bazı Metal Düzeyleri, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2009.
  • El-K. A. Taha, S. Al-Kahtani, R. Taha, Comparison of pollen spectra and amount of mineral content in honey produced by Apis florea F. and Apis mellifera L., Journal Of The Kansas Entomological Society, 91(1), 2018, 1–7.
  • A. Manouchehri, M. Pirhadi, S. Shokri, G.J. Khaniki, S. Shamaei, M.H. Miranzadeh, The possible effects of heavy metals in honey as toxic and carcinogenic substances on human health: a systematic review (toksik ve kanserojen bir madde olarak baldaki ağır metallerin insan sağlığına olası etkileri; sistematik bir inceleme), Arı D/U Bee J, 21(2), 2021, 238-248.
  • L. Bezberdaya, O. Chernitsova, M. Lychagin, et al, Pollution of a Black Sea coastal city: potentially toxic elements in urban soils, road dust, and their PM10 fractions, J Soils Sediments, 24, 2024, 3485–3506.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Bioassays
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Semiramis Karlıdağ 0000-0002-9637-2479

Sevgi Kolaylı

Publication Date May 31, 2025
Submission Date March 6, 2025
Acceptance Date May 13, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karlıdağ, S., & Kolaylı, S. (2025). Comparison of some mineral and heavy metal contents of blossom honey samples from Yamadağ and Battalgazi regions. Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 7(2), 182-190. https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1652944
AMA Karlıdağ S, Kolaylı S. Comparison of some mineral and heavy metal contents of blossom honey samples from Yamadağ and Battalgazi regions. TurkJAC. May 2025;7(2):182-190. doi:10.51435/turkjac.1652944
Chicago Karlıdağ, Semiramis, and Sevgi Kolaylı. “Comparison of Some Mineral and Heavy Metal Contents of Blossom Honey Samples from Yamadağ and Battalgazi Regions”. Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry 7, no. 2 (May 2025): 182-90. https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1652944.
EndNote Karlıdağ S, Kolaylı S (May 1, 2025) Comparison of some mineral and heavy metal contents of blossom honey samples from Yamadağ and Battalgazi regions. Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry 7 2 182–190.
IEEE S. Karlıdağ and S. Kolaylı, “Comparison of some mineral and heavy metal contents of blossom honey samples from Yamadağ and Battalgazi regions”, TurkJAC, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 182–190, 2025, doi: 10.51435/turkjac.1652944.
ISNAD Karlıdağ, Semiramis - Kolaylı, Sevgi. “Comparison of Some Mineral and Heavy Metal Contents of Blossom Honey Samples from Yamadağ and Battalgazi Regions”. Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry 7/2 (May2025), 182-190. https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1652944.
JAMA Karlıdağ S, Kolaylı S. Comparison of some mineral and heavy metal contents of blossom honey samples from Yamadağ and Battalgazi regions. TurkJAC. 2025;7:182–190.
MLA Karlıdağ, Semiramis and Sevgi Kolaylı. “Comparison of Some Mineral and Heavy Metal Contents of Blossom Honey Samples from Yamadağ and Battalgazi Regions”. Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. 7, no. 2, 2025, pp. 182-90, doi:10.51435/turkjac.1652944.
Vancouver Karlıdağ S, Kolaylı S. Comparison of some mineral and heavy metal contents of blossom honey samples from Yamadağ and Battalgazi regions. TurkJAC. 2025;7(2):182-90.