Assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, carbonic anhydrase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Alchemilla vulgaris L. extracts

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 168 - 175, 31.05.2025

Uğur Kardil , Zeynep Akar , Azer Özad Düzgün

https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1666390

Abstract

This study was to investigate the biological properties (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antimicrobial activity) of water extract (WE), 50:50% water:ethanol extract (WEE) and ethanol extract (EE) of aerial parts of Alchemilla vulgaris L. which was traditionally used to alleviate and treat many diseases. The WEE extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC), with a value of 612 µg/mL GAE, while the EE extract demonstrated the highest total flavonoid content (TFC), with a value of 0.086 µg/mL GAE. Also, the data demonstrated that the WEE extract exhibited the highest radical scavenging capacities and antioxidant activities, exhibiting 0.0056, 0.0028 mg/mL SC50 and 267, 0.081 μM TEAC, as determined by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC assays, respectively. The WEE extract was found to be an effective bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) and α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 values of 0.0628 and 0.0535 mg/mL, respectively. The EE extract showed activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria used in the study. EE extract has the highest activity against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the lowest activity against Streptococcus pyogenes. Furthermore, the extracts significantly reduced the biofilm ability of Acinetobacter baumannii isolate, which has strong biofilm ability. EE and WE reduced the biofilm formation capacity of the strain to a weak level, while WEE extract reduced it to a moderate level. The results suggest that EE has a significant effect in combating antibiotic resistance, while WEE has high antioxidant activity and good inhibitory effect against BCA and α-glycosidase enzymes. In addition, the results revealed that solvent extracts with different solvent composition and polarity may have different effects on diverse bioactivity tests.

Keywords

Antibiofilm , antioxidant activity , Alchemilla vulgaris L. , carbonic anhydrase , α-glucosidase

Alchemilla vulgaris L. ekstraktlarının antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antibiyofilm, karbonik anhidraz ve α-glukozidaz inhibitör aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, geleneksel olarak birçok hastalığı hafifletmek ve tedavi etmek için kullanılan Alchemilla vulgaris L.'nin toprak üstü kısımlarının su ekstraktı (WE), %50:50 su:etanol ekstraktı (WEE) ve etanol ekstraktı (EE)'nin biyolojik özellikleri (antioksidan, enzim inhibitörü ve antimikrobiyal aktivite) araştırıldı. WEE ekstraktı, 612 µg/mL GAE değeriyle en yüksek toplam fenolik madde içeriğini (TPC) gösterirken, EE ekstraktı, 0.086 µg/mL GAE değeriyle en yüksek toplam flavonoid içeriğini (TFC) gösterdi. Ayrıca veriler, WEE ekstraktının DPPH, ABTS, FRAP ve CUPRAC analizleriyle sırasıyla 0.0056, 0.0028 mg/mL SC50 ve 267, 0.081 μM TEAC sergileyerek en yüksek radikal temizleme kapasitelerini ve antioksidan aktivitelerini gösterdiğini ortaya koydu. WEE ekstresinin sırasıyla 0,0628 ve 0,0535 mg/mL'lik IC50 değerleriyle etkili bir sığır karbonik anhidraz (BCA) ve α-glukozidaz inhibitörü olduğu bulunmuştur. EE ekstresi çalışmada kullanılan hem Gram-negatif hem de Gram-pozitif bakterilere karşı aktivite göstermiştir. EE ekstresi Yersinia pseudotuberculosis'e karşı en yüksek, Streptococcus pyogenes'e karşı ise en düşük aktiviteye sahiptir. Ayrıca ekstreler güçlü biyofilm kabiliyetine sahip olan Acinetobacter baumannii izolatının biyofilm kabiliyetini önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. EE ve WE suşun biyofilm oluşturma kapasitesini zayıf bir seviyeye düşürürken, WEE ekstresi orta bir seviyeye düşürmüştür. Sonuçlar EE'nin antibiyotik direnciyle mücadelede önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu, WEE'nin ise yüksek antioksidan aktiviteye ve BCA ve α-glikozidaz enzimlerine karşı iyi bir inhibitör etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca sonuçlar farklı çözücü bileşimine ve polariteye sahip çözücü ekstrelerinin çeşitli biyoaktivite testlerinde farklı etkilere sahip olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Antibiyofilm , antioksidan aktivite , Alchemilla vulgaris L. , karbonik anhidraz , α-glukozidaz

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