Aster caucasicus Bitkisinin Yaprak ve Çiçek Kısımlarındaki Fenolik Bileşiklerin, Uçucu Bileşenlerin ve Antioksidan Kapasitenin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Abstract

Mevcut çalışma, Aster caucasicus bitkisinin kapsamlı fitokimyasal analizini ortaya koymakta olup, bitkinin hem yaprak hem de çiçek kısımlarını detaylı olarak incelemektedir. Araştırmacılar, fenolik bileşik profillerini HPLC-DAD metodolojisi ile, uçucu bileşiklerini SPME-GC-MS tekniği ile ve antioksidan özelliklerini çeşitli analiz yöntemleri (toplam fenolik içerik, toplam flavonoid içerik, FRAP ve CUPRAC) aracılığıyla değerlendirmişlerdir. Elde edilen bulgular, bitki dokularının kimyasal kompozisyonları arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Çiçek kısımları, yapraklara (17,81 mg GAE/g) kıyasla daha yüksek toplam fenolik içerik (25,57 mg GAE/g) sergilemiş olup, gallik asit, kafeik asit, rosmarinik asit ve kersetin gibi bileşenlerin konsantrasyonları belirgin şekilde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Buna karşın, yapraklar daha yüksek toplam flavonoid içeriği (çiçeklerdeki 3,99 mg QE/g'ye karşılık 5,02 mg QE/g) ve hem FRAP hem de CUPRAC analizlerinde daha güçlü antioksidan kapasite sergilemiştir. Uçucu bileşik analizi sonucunda, monoterpenler (beta-pinen, D-limonen, alfa-pinen), terpenoidler, seskiterpenler ve oksijenlenmiş heterosiklik bileşikler dahil olmak üzere çeşitli biyoaktif bileşenler tespit edilmiştir. Çiçeklerde beta-pinen (%52,26) baskın bileşen olarak belirlenirken, yapraklarda D-limonen (%28,68) en yüksek orana sahip bileşen olarak saptanmıştır. Bu araştırma, Aster caucasicus bitkisi hakkındaki mevcut bilgi boşluğunu doldurarak, bitkinin farmasötik ve kozmetik ürünlerdeki potansiyel uygulamalarına ışık tutmaktadır. Zengin fenolik içeriğe sahip çiçek kısımları farmasötik uygulamalar için umut vadederken, yüksek flavonoid içeriği ve antioksidan kapasitesine sahip yaprak kısımları, özellikle UV koruyucu özellikler bakımından kozmetik ürünlerde değerli bir kaynak olarak değerlendirilebilir

Keywords

• Aster caucasicus
• Antioxidant capacity
• Phenolics
• Volatile compound

Comparative analysis of phenolic compounds, volatile components, and antioxidant capacity in leaf and flower parts of Aster caucasicus

Abstract

The study presents a comprehensive phytochemical analysis of Aster caucasicus, examining both the leaf and flower parts of this plant. The researchers investigated the phenolic compound profiles using HPLC-DAD methodology, volatile compounds via SPME-GC-MS technique, and antioxidant properties through multiple assays (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, FRAP, and CUPRAC). Results revealed significant differences between plant tissues. The flower parts contained higher total phenolic content (25.57 mg GAE/g) compared to leaves (17.81 mg GAE/g), with notably higher concentrations of compounds like gallic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and quercetin. Conversely, leaves demonstrated higher total flavonoid content (5.02 mg QE/g vs. 3.99 mg QE/g in flowers) and greater antioxidant capacity in both FRAP and CUPRAC assays. Volatile compound analysis identified several bioactive components, including monoterpenes (beta-pinene, D-limonene, alpha-pinene), terpenoids, sesquiterpenes, and oxygenated heterocyclic compounds. Beta-pinene dominated in flowers (52.26%), while D-limonene was highest in leaves (28.68%). This research fills a knowledge gap regarding Aster caucasicus, suggesting its potential applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The flower parts show promise for pharmaceutical applications due to their rich phenolic content, while the leaf parts, with their high flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity, could be valuable in cosmetic products, particularly for UV protection.

Keywords

• Aster caucasicus
• Antioxidant capacity
• Phenolics
• Volatile compound

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