Comprehensive Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Assessment of Rhinanthus serotinus subsp. aestivalis: GC-MS and HPLC-DAD Analysis of Volatile and Phenolic Compounds in Leaf and Flower Tissues

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 347 - 360, 30.09.2025

Abidin Gümrükçüoğlu

https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1760137

Abstract

This study represents the first comprehensive phytochemical characterization of Rhinanthus serotinus subsp. aestivalis, an understudied hemiparasitic species from the Orobanchaceae family. Using GC-MS and HPLC-DAD analyses, volatile and phenolic compound profiles were determined in leaf and flower extracts, along with antioxidant capacity evaluation via FRAP and CUPRAC assays. GC-MS analysis identified 16 volatile compounds, with matsutake alcohol (1-octen-3-ol) as the predominant constituent at exceptionally high concentrations (68.42% in flowers, 38.34% in leaves), significantly exceeding levels reported in related species. HPLC analysis revealed distinct tissue-specific phenolic profiles, with leaves demonstrating superior total phenolic content (7.26±0.28 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacity compared to flowers. Notable compounds included rutin (828.69 ppm), rosmarinic acid (594.16 ppm), and ascorbic acid (289.89 ppm) in leaves, while flowers were enriched in trans-caffeic acid (459.07 ppm) and pyrogallol (1062.84 ppm). These findings establish R. serotinus subsp. aestivalis as a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in natural product development, functional foods, and pharmaceutical research, while providing fundamental data for future pharmacognostic studies.

Keywords

Rhinanthus serotinus , phytochemical analysis , matsutake alcohol , phenolic compounds , antioxidant activity , Orobanchaceae

Rhinanthus serotinus subsp. aestivalis'in Kapsamlı Fitokimyasal Profillemesi ve Antioksidan Değerlendirmesi: Yaprak ve Çiçek Dokularında Uçucu ve Fenolik Bileşiklerin GC-MS ve HPLC-DAD Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Orobanchaceae familyasından az çalışılmış bir hemiparazitik tür olan Rhinanthus serotinus subsp. aestivalis'in ilk kapsamlı fitokimyasal karakterizasyonunu temsil etmektedir. GC-MS ve HPLC-DAD analizleri kullanılarak, yaprak ve çiçek ekstraktlarında uçucu ve fenolik bileşik profilleri belirlenmiş, FRAP ve CUPRAC analizleri ile antioksidan kapasite değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. GC-MS analizi 16 uçucu bileşik tanımlamış olup, matsutake alkolü (1-okten-3-ol) olağanüstü yüksek konsantrasyonlarda (çiçeklerde %68.42, yapraklarda %38.34) baskın bileşen olarak tespit edilmiş ve bu değerler ilgili türlerde rapor edilen seviyelerden önemli ölçüde yüksek bulunmuştur. HPLC analizi dokuma özgü farklı fenolik profiller ortaya koymuş, yapraklar çiçeklere kıyasla üstün toplam fenolik içerik (7.26±0.28 mg GAE/g) ve antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Yapraklarda rutin (828.69 ppm), rosmarinik asit (594.16 ppm) ve askorbik asit (289.89 ppm) gibi önemli bileşikler tespit edilirken, çiçeklerde trans-kafeik asit (459.07 ppm) ve pirogallol (1062.84 ppm) açısından zenginlik gözlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, R. serotinus subsp. aestivalis'i doğal ürün geliştirme, fonksiyonel gıdalar ve farmasötik araştırmalarda potansiyel uygulamaları olan biyoaktif bileşiklerin umut verici bir kaynağı olarak ortaya koyarken, gelecekteki farmakognozi çalışmaları için temel veri sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Rhinanthus serotinus , fitokimyasal analiz , matsutake alkolü , fenolik bileşikler , antioksidan aktivite , Orobanchaceae

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