Research Article
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The relationship between powerlifting performance and hand grip strength among female athletes

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 112 - 122, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1027695

Abstract

With the rising competitiveness in the sport of powerlifting, coaches and athletes are continually looking for better ways to measure progress to predict and improve performance. Many studies have evaluated the link between hand grip strength (HGS) and performance in other sports, and HGS has been a predictor of total body strength. The current study examined the relationship between HGS and powerlifting performance among experienced female powerlifters. HGS was compared to the 1RM of the squat (SQ), bench press (BP), deadlift (DL) and aggregate total. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive meaningful relationship between HGS and powerlifting performance. Thirty-one (n=31) female powerlifting participants (age 29±6.3 years, body mass 82.8±27.8 kg) with at least 3 months of powerlifting training experience were assessed for HGS and powerlifting performance measures. Hand grip strength was measured with a Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer prior to a sanctioned powerlifting meet. Three trials of HGS were completed by the participants where each trial was separated by 1-minute rest period. The average of the two highest HGS scores were recorded for analysis. The powerlifting performance measures were assessed at a sanctioned powerlifting meet comprised of 1 repetition maximums (1RM) in three event lifts, the back squat (BS), bench press (BP) and deadlift (DL). The event 1RMs, aggregate total (AT), and HGS scores were then normalized to body mass (BM). The normalized event 1RMs and AT were then compared to the normalized HGS scores with Pearson correlation coefficients (r). The BS, DL and AT scores demonstrated moderately significant relationships (r=0.46, r=0.51, r=0.48) respectively with HGS (p<0.05). Bench press performance had a low (r=0.35), but significant association with HGS (p<0.05). The BS/BM, BP/BM, DL/BM and AT/BM demonstrated significant moderate-high relationships (r=0.55, r=0.52, r=0.66, r=0.61) respectively with HGS (p<0.05). Within the parameters of this study, female powerlifting performance appears to have a meaningful positive relationship with HGS.

References

  • All-time raw powerlifting records released. (n.d.). Retrieved April 4, 2021, from Powerliftingwatch.com website: https://www.powerliftingwatch.com/node/11186
  • Alonso, A. C., Ribeiro, S. M., Luna, N. M. S., Peterson, M. D., Bocalini, D. S., Serra, M. M., Brech, G. H., Greve, J. M., & Garcez-Leme, L. E. (2018). Association between handgrip strength, balance, and knee flexion/extension strength in older adults. PloS One, 13(6), e0198185.
  • Al Tarawneh G, & Thorn S. (2017, 15 March). A pilot study exploring spreadsheet risk in scientific research. arXiv [cs.CY]. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1703.09785.
  • Armstrong, C. A., & Oldham, J. A. (1999). A comparison of dominant and non-dominant hand strengths. Journal of Hand Surgery, 24(4), 421–425.
  • Bio Edward. (2020, January 25). Retrieved April 4, 2021, from Sportshof.org website: https://sportshof.org/bio-edward/
  • Bahannon, R. W. (2019). Grip strength: An indispensable biomarker for older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 1681–1691.
  • Bellace, J. V., Healy, D., Bessar, M. P., Byron, T., & Hohman., L. (2000). Validity of the Dexter Evaluation System's Jamar dynamometer attachment for assessment of hand grip strength in a normal population. Journal of Hand Therapy, 13(1), 46-51.
  • British Weightlifting. (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2021, from Activenorfolk.org website: https://www.activenorfolk.org/directory/british-weightlifting
  • Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Cronin, J., Lawton, T., Harris, N., Kilding, A., & McMaster, D. T. (2017). A brief review of handgrip strength and sport performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(11), 3187–3217.
  • DeBeliso, M., Boham, M., Harris, C., Carson, C., Berning, J. M., Sevene, T. G., & Adams, K. J. (2015). Grip and body strength measures in the mature adult: A brief report. International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, 4(37), 83-86.
  • DeBeliso, M., Boham, M., Harris, C., Carson, C., Berning, J. M., Sevene, T. G., Adams, K. J., & Climstein, M. (2015). Grip strength and functional measures in the mature adult: Brief report II. International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, 4(39), 1-4.
  • DeBeliso, M., McChesney, J., & Murdock, L. (2013). Grip norms and reliability of the hand grip ForceMap system. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 38(9), 1009-1010.
  • Emmonds, S., Heyward, O., & Jones, B. (2019). The challenge of applying and undertaking research in female sport. Sports Medicine - Open, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-019-0224-x
  • Erdağı, K., Tüfekçi, O., Yeşeri, M., Yüksel, M. F., Turgut, N., & Eroğlu, B. E. (2020). A study on the determination of handgrip strength of Olympic style weightlifting athletes. Physical Education of Students, 24(3), 141–148.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 39(2), 175-191.
  • Ferland, P. M., & Comtois, A. S. (2019). Classic powerlifting performance: A systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33 Suppl 1, S194–S201.
  • Fry, A. C., Ciroslan, D., Fry, M. D., LeRoux, C. D., Schilling, B. K., & Chiu, L. Z. F. (2006). Anthropometric and performance variables discriminating elite American junior men weightlifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 861–866.
  • Gasior, J. S., Pawlowski, M., Williams, C. A., Dabrowski, M. J., Ramecherks, E. A. (2018). Assessment of maximal isometric hand grip strength in school-aged children. Open Medicine, 13, 22–28.
  • Granic, A., Davies, K., Jagger, C., M. Dodds, R., Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Sayer, A. A. (2017). Initial level and rate of change in grip strength predict all-cause mortality in very old adults. Age and Ageing, 46(6), 970–976.
  • Guidetti, L., Musulin, A., & Baldari, C. (2002). Physiological factors in middleweight boxing performance. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42(3), 309–314.
  • Hoffman J. (2006). Norms for fitness, performance, and health. Human Kinetics.
  • Hoffman, J.R., Vazquez, J., Pichardo, N. & Tenenbaum, G. (2009). Anthropometric and performance comparisons in professional baseball players. J Strength Cond Res, 23(8), 2173–2178.
  • Jackson, S. A., & Marsh, H. W. (1986). Athletic or antisocial? The female sport experience. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(3), 198–211.
  • Koley, S., & Yadav, M. K. (2009). An association of hand grip strength with some anthropometric variables in Indian cricket players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 7(2), 113–123.
  • Leong, D. P., & Teo, K. K. (2015). Predicting cardiovascular disease from handgrip strength: The potential clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 13(12), 1277–1279.
  • Milliken, L. A., Faigenbaum, A. D., Loud, R. L., & Westcott, W. L. (2008). Correlates of upper and lower body muscular strength in children. J Strength Cond Res, 22(4), 1339–1346.
  • Musalek, C., & Kirchengast, S. (2017). Grip strength as an indicator of health-related quality of life in old age—A pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 14(12), 1447.
  • Nikooie, R., Cheraghi, M., & Mohamadipour, F. (2017). Physiological determinants of wrestling success in elite Iranian senior and junior Greco-Roman wrestlersJ Sports Med Phys Fitness, 57(3), 219–226.
  • Nolan, D., Lynch, A. E., Egan, B. (2020). Self-reported prevalence, magnitude and methods of rapid weight loss in male and female competitive powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res, doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003488.
  • Open Powerlifting (2021). Rankings. Retrieved from https://www.openpowerlifting.org
  • Otterson, R., & DeBeliso, M. (2020). Grip strength and North American collegiate football performance indicators. Turk J Kinesiol, 6(1), 16–25.
  • Papa, E. V., Dong, X., & Hassan, M. (2017). Skeletal muscle function deficits in the elderly: Current perspectives on resistance training. J Nat Sci, 3(1), e272.
  • Pratt, R. (2016, September 16). The history of the atlas stones. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from Theworldsstrongestman.com website: http://theworldsstrongestman.com/history-atlas-stones/
  • Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., Foley, D., Masaki, K., Leveille, S., Curb, J. D., & White, L. (1999). Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability. JAMA, 281(6), 558–560.
  • Roberts, H. C., Denison, H. J., Martin, H. J., Patel, H. S., Syddall, Cooper, C., & Sayer, A. A. (2011). A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardized approach. Age and Ageing, 40(4), 423-429.
  • Rogers, B. H., Brown, J. C., Gater, D. R., & Schmitz, K. H. (2017). Association between maximal bench press strength and isometric handgrip strength among breast cancer survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 98(2), 264–269.
  • Ruprai, R. K., Tajpuriya, S. V., & Mishra, N. (2016). Handgrip strength as determinant of upper body strength/physical fitness: a comparative study among individuals performing gymnastics (ring athletes) and gymnasium (powerlifters). Int J Med Sci Public Health, 5(6), 1167–1172.
  • Schoffstall, J., Morrison, S. D., Kozlik, B., & Boswell, B (2010). Grip strength and powerlifting performance. In: Southeastern Chapter of the American College of Sports Medicine Regional Conference. Abstract retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280408878_Grip_Strength_and_Powerlifting_Performance
  • Sung, E., Han, A., Hinrichs, T., Vorgerd, M., Manchado, C., & Platen, P. (2014). Effects of follicular versus luteal phase-based strength training in young women. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 668.
  • Tan, B., Aziz, A., Teh, K., & Lee, H. C. (2001). Grip strength measurement in competitive ten-pin bowlers. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(1), 68-72
  • Taylor, D. (2014). Physical activity is medicine for older adults. Postgrad Med J, 90(1059), 26–32.
  • Thibault, V., Guillaume, M., Berthelot, G., Helou, N. E., Schaal, K., Quinquis, L., Nassif, H., Tafflet, M., Escolano, S., Hermine, O., & Toussaint, J.-F. (2010). Women and men in sport performance: The gender gap has not evolved since 1983. J Sports Sci Med, 9(2), 214–223.
  • Thomas, E. M., Sahlberg, M., & Svantesson, U. (2008). The effect of resistance training on handgrip strength in young adults. Isokinet Exerc Sci, 16(2), 125–131.
  • Weightlifting equipment and history - Olympic sport history. (2020, November 9). Retrieved April 1, 2021, from Olympic.org website: https://www.olympic.org/weightlifting-equipment-and-history
Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 112 - 122, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1027695

Abstract

References

  • All-time raw powerlifting records released. (n.d.). Retrieved April 4, 2021, from Powerliftingwatch.com website: https://www.powerliftingwatch.com/node/11186
  • Alonso, A. C., Ribeiro, S. M., Luna, N. M. S., Peterson, M. D., Bocalini, D. S., Serra, M. M., Brech, G. H., Greve, J. M., & Garcez-Leme, L. E. (2018). Association between handgrip strength, balance, and knee flexion/extension strength in older adults. PloS One, 13(6), e0198185.
  • Al Tarawneh G, & Thorn S. (2017, 15 March). A pilot study exploring spreadsheet risk in scientific research. arXiv [cs.CY]. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1703.09785.
  • Armstrong, C. A., & Oldham, J. A. (1999). A comparison of dominant and non-dominant hand strengths. Journal of Hand Surgery, 24(4), 421–425.
  • Bio Edward. (2020, January 25). Retrieved April 4, 2021, from Sportshof.org website: https://sportshof.org/bio-edward/
  • Bahannon, R. W. (2019). Grip strength: An indispensable biomarker for older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 1681–1691.
  • Bellace, J. V., Healy, D., Bessar, M. P., Byron, T., & Hohman., L. (2000). Validity of the Dexter Evaluation System's Jamar dynamometer attachment for assessment of hand grip strength in a normal population. Journal of Hand Therapy, 13(1), 46-51.
  • British Weightlifting. (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2021, from Activenorfolk.org website: https://www.activenorfolk.org/directory/british-weightlifting
  • Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Cronin, J., Lawton, T., Harris, N., Kilding, A., & McMaster, D. T. (2017). A brief review of handgrip strength and sport performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(11), 3187–3217.
  • DeBeliso, M., Boham, M., Harris, C., Carson, C., Berning, J. M., Sevene, T. G., & Adams, K. J. (2015). Grip and body strength measures in the mature adult: A brief report. International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, 4(37), 83-86.
  • DeBeliso, M., Boham, M., Harris, C., Carson, C., Berning, J. M., Sevene, T. G., Adams, K. J., & Climstein, M. (2015). Grip strength and functional measures in the mature adult: Brief report II. International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, 4(39), 1-4.
  • DeBeliso, M., McChesney, J., & Murdock, L. (2013). Grip norms and reliability of the hand grip ForceMap system. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 38(9), 1009-1010.
  • Emmonds, S., Heyward, O., & Jones, B. (2019). The challenge of applying and undertaking research in female sport. Sports Medicine - Open, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-019-0224-x
  • Erdağı, K., Tüfekçi, O., Yeşeri, M., Yüksel, M. F., Turgut, N., & Eroğlu, B. E. (2020). A study on the determination of handgrip strength of Olympic style weightlifting athletes. Physical Education of Students, 24(3), 141–148.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 39(2), 175-191.
  • Ferland, P. M., & Comtois, A. S. (2019). Classic powerlifting performance: A systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33 Suppl 1, S194–S201.
  • Fry, A. C., Ciroslan, D., Fry, M. D., LeRoux, C. D., Schilling, B. K., & Chiu, L. Z. F. (2006). Anthropometric and performance variables discriminating elite American junior men weightlifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 861–866.
  • Gasior, J. S., Pawlowski, M., Williams, C. A., Dabrowski, M. J., Ramecherks, E. A. (2018). Assessment of maximal isometric hand grip strength in school-aged children. Open Medicine, 13, 22–28.
  • Granic, A., Davies, K., Jagger, C., M. Dodds, R., Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Sayer, A. A. (2017). Initial level and rate of change in grip strength predict all-cause mortality in very old adults. Age and Ageing, 46(6), 970–976.
  • Guidetti, L., Musulin, A., & Baldari, C. (2002). Physiological factors in middleweight boxing performance. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42(3), 309–314.
  • Hoffman J. (2006). Norms for fitness, performance, and health. Human Kinetics.
  • Hoffman, J.R., Vazquez, J., Pichardo, N. & Tenenbaum, G. (2009). Anthropometric and performance comparisons in professional baseball players. J Strength Cond Res, 23(8), 2173–2178.
  • Jackson, S. A., & Marsh, H. W. (1986). Athletic or antisocial? The female sport experience. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(3), 198–211.
  • Koley, S., & Yadav, M. K. (2009). An association of hand grip strength with some anthropometric variables in Indian cricket players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 7(2), 113–123.
  • Leong, D. P., & Teo, K. K. (2015). Predicting cardiovascular disease from handgrip strength: The potential clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 13(12), 1277–1279.
  • Milliken, L. A., Faigenbaum, A. D., Loud, R. L., & Westcott, W. L. (2008). Correlates of upper and lower body muscular strength in children. J Strength Cond Res, 22(4), 1339–1346.
  • Musalek, C., & Kirchengast, S. (2017). Grip strength as an indicator of health-related quality of life in old age—A pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 14(12), 1447.
  • Nikooie, R., Cheraghi, M., & Mohamadipour, F. (2017). Physiological determinants of wrestling success in elite Iranian senior and junior Greco-Roman wrestlersJ Sports Med Phys Fitness, 57(3), 219–226.
  • Nolan, D., Lynch, A. E., Egan, B. (2020). Self-reported prevalence, magnitude and methods of rapid weight loss in male and female competitive powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res, doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003488.
  • Open Powerlifting (2021). Rankings. Retrieved from https://www.openpowerlifting.org
  • Otterson, R., & DeBeliso, M. (2020). Grip strength and North American collegiate football performance indicators. Turk J Kinesiol, 6(1), 16–25.
  • Papa, E. V., Dong, X., & Hassan, M. (2017). Skeletal muscle function deficits in the elderly: Current perspectives on resistance training. J Nat Sci, 3(1), e272.
  • Pratt, R. (2016, September 16). The history of the atlas stones. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from Theworldsstrongestman.com website: http://theworldsstrongestman.com/history-atlas-stones/
  • Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., Foley, D., Masaki, K., Leveille, S., Curb, J. D., & White, L. (1999). Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability. JAMA, 281(6), 558–560.
  • Roberts, H. C., Denison, H. J., Martin, H. J., Patel, H. S., Syddall, Cooper, C., & Sayer, A. A. (2011). A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardized approach. Age and Ageing, 40(4), 423-429.
  • Rogers, B. H., Brown, J. C., Gater, D. R., & Schmitz, K. H. (2017). Association between maximal bench press strength and isometric handgrip strength among breast cancer survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 98(2), 264–269.
  • Ruprai, R. K., Tajpuriya, S. V., & Mishra, N. (2016). Handgrip strength as determinant of upper body strength/physical fitness: a comparative study among individuals performing gymnastics (ring athletes) and gymnasium (powerlifters). Int J Med Sci Public Health, 5(6), 1167–1172.
  • Schoffstall, J., Morrison, S. D., Kozlik, B., & Boswell, B (2010). Grip strength and powerlifting performance. In: Southeastern Chapter of the American College of Sports Medicine Regional Conference. Abstract retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280408878_Grip_Strength_and_Powerlifting_Performance
  • Sung, E., Han, A., Hinrichs, T., Vorgerd, M., Manchado, C., & Platen, P. (2014). Effects of follicular versus luteal phase-based strength training in young women. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 668.
  • Tan, B., Aziz, A., Teh, K., & Lee, H. C. (2001). Grip strength measurement in competitive ten-pin bowlers. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(1), 68-72
  • Taylor, D. (2014). Physical activity is medicine for older adults. Postgrad Med J, 90(1059), 26–32.
  • Thibault, V., Guillaume, M., Berthelot, G., Helou, N. E., Schaal, K., Quinquis, L., Nassif, H., Tafflet, M., Escolano, S., Hermine, O., & Toussaint, J.-F. (2010). Women and men in sport performance: The gender gap has not evolved since 1983. J Sports Sci Med, 9(2), 214–223.
  • Thomas, E. M., Sahlberg, M., & Svantesson, U. (2008). The effect of resistance training on handgrip strength in young adults. Isokinet Exerc Sci, 16(2), 125–131.
  • Weightlifting equipment and history - Olympic sport history. (2020, November 9). Retrieved April 1, 2021, from Olympic.org website: https://www.olympic.org/weightlifting-equipment-and-history
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Training and Sports
Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Natalie Suazo This is me 0000-0001-6479-7918

Mark Debeliso 0000-0001-6479-7918

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date November 23, 2021
Acceptance Date December 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Suazo, N., & Debeliso, M. (2021). The relationship between powerlifting performance and hand grip strength among female athletes. Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, 7(4), 112-122. https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1027695

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