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Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Teorisi Kapsamında Göç Olgusunun Orta Asya Güvenliğindeki Rolü

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 99 - 116, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.54970/turkuaz.1535722

Abstract

Göç olgusu, küreselleşmenin etkisiyle geçmişe kıyasla artış göstermektedir. Bu artış, Orta Asya'nın temel dinamiklerinden biri haline gelmiştir ve bölge ülkeleri için çeşitli anlamlar taşımaktadır. Orta Asya'daki devletlerin politik ve ekonomik kırılganlıkları ile coğrafi yapının geçirgenliği, göç olgusunu bölgenin güvenliğini olumsuz etkileyen faktörler arasına dahil etmektedir. Yasadışı göç, uluslararası düzeyde de etkili olup insan, uyuşturucu ve silah kaçakçılığı gibi sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Özellikle sınır güvenliğinin yetersizliği ve ülkeler arası iş birliğinin zayıflığı, Orta Asya'daki göç trafiğini artıran faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu durum, sadece bölgedeki aktörlerin değil, aynı zamanda uluslararası kuruluşlar ve sivil toplum örgütlerinin de önemli roller üstlenmelerini gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada Orta Asya'nın göç sorunu, Kopenhag Okulu temsilcilerinden Barry Buzan ve Ole Waever’in geliştirmiş oldukları Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Teorisi (BGKT) çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu teori çerçevesinde, aynı bölgede bulunan, coğrafi yakınlık içinde olan ülkelerin güvenlik sorunları bakımından birbirleriyle ilişki içinde oldukları savunulmaktadır. Çalışma, Türkçe, Rusça ve İngilizce literatürlerden derlenen verilerin analiziyle şekillenmiş ve medya haberleri ile uluslararası örgüt raporları da dâhil edilerek zenginleştirilmiştir. Bu araştırma, göç olgusunun Orta Asya'daki güvenlik dinamiklerini anlamak, BGKT’nin Orta Asya bölgesinde göç olgusu temelinde güvenlik kompleksi oluşturmak için elverişli olup olmadığını test etmek ve daha etkili güvenlik politikalarının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Göç olgusunun bölgenin güvenliği üzerindeki etkilerini daha derinlemesine anlamak, bölge ülkelerinin bu alandaki politika ve stratejilerini daha etkili bir şekilde yönlendirmelerine yardımcı olabilir.

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The Role of Migration in Central Asian Security within the Scope of Regional Security Complex Theory

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 99 - 116, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.54970/turkuaz.1535722

Abstract

Migration is on the rise compared to the past due to the impact of globalization. This increase has become one of the main dynamics of Central Asia and has various implications for the countries of the region. The political and economic fragility of the states in Central Asia and the porosity of the geographical structure contribute to migration being one of the factors that negatively affect the security of the region. Illegal migration is also effective at the international level and leads to problems such as human, drug and arms trafficking. In particular, inadequate border security and weak cooperation between countries are among the factors that increase migration flows in Central Asia. This situation requires not only regional actors but also international organizations and non-governmental organizations to play important roles. In this study, Central Asia's migration problem is analyzed within the framework of the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) developed by Barry Buzan and Ole Waever, representatives of the Copenhagen School. Within this theoretical framework, it is argued that countries located within the same region and in geographical proximity are interconnected in terms of security issues. The study is based on the analysis of data compiled from Turkish, Russian and English literature and enriched by the inclusion of media reports and international organization reports. This research was conducted to understand the security dynamics of the migration phenomenon in Central Asia, assess whether the RSCT is applicable for formulating a security complex in the Central Asian region based on the phenomenon of migration and to contribute to the development of more effective security policies. A deeper understanding of the impact of the migration phenomenon on the security of the region can help the countries in the region to implement more effectively their policies and strategies in this area.

References

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  • Abazov, R. (1999). Economic migration in post-Soviet Central Asia: The case of Kyrgyzstan. Post-Communist Economies, 11(2), 237-252.
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  • Akkaya, C. (2020). Orta Asya bir “Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi” olarak tanımlanabilir mi? Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 173-188.
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  • Bölükbaşı, Y. Z. (2023). Milliyetçilik-göç ilişkisi üzerine teorik bir perspektif. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 18(1), 44-65. doi:10.17153/oguiibf.1189787
  • Buzan, B. & Waever, O. (2003). Regions and powers: The stucture of international security. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Buzan, B. (1983). People states and fear the national security problem in international relations. Sussex: The Harwester Press Group.
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  • EU Reporter Correspondent (2024). The impact of mass Russian migration on ethnic tensions in Kyrgyzstan. Eureporter. Retrieved from https://www.eureporter.co/world/kyrgyzstan/2024/05/05/the-impact-of-mass-russian-migration-on-ethnic-tensions-in-kyrgyzstan/
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  • Garibov, A. (2018). Contemporary Chinese Labor Migration and Its Public Perception in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. In M. Laruelle (Ed.) China’s belt and road initiative and its impact in Central Asia, (143-152). Retrieved from https://centralasiaprogram.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/OBOR_CAP_2018.pdf
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  • Ilimbetova, A. A. (2021). Adaptatsiya i integratsiya migrantov: Usloviya, tseli, podkhody. Vestnik Instituta Ekonomiki Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk, 2, 144-155.
  • IOM. (2022). World migration report 2022. Retrieved from https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2022
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  • IOM. (2024d). Tajikistan: Migration Situation Report (January-June 2024). Retrieved from https://dtm.iom.int/reports/tajikistan-migration-situation-report-2-january-june-2024
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  • Kamalova, Z. (2022). Özbekistan'ın gelişim tarihi: Yeni Özbekistan ulus ve devlet milli kimlik. Yeni Türkiye (125), 23-32.
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Migration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Burcu Temür 0000-0002-9149-2236

Cihan Bilgili 0009-0006-6517-3895

Early Pub Date December 30, 2024
Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date August 19, 2024
Acceptance Date November 10, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Temür, B., & Bilgili, C. (2024). Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Teorisi Kapsamında Göç Olgusunun Orta Asya Güvenliğindeki Rolü. Turkuaz Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(2), 99-116. https://doi.org/10.54970/turkuaz.1535722

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