A New Species from Türkiye, Centaurea ankarica (Cardueae, Asteraceae)

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 81 - 93, 31.12.2022

Tuna Uysal , Meryem Bozkurt , Ergin Hamzaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.53803/turvehab.1167966

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Interesting Centaurea specimens collected from the vicinity of Ankara in 2021 and 2022 were examined using the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands and neighbouring countries. As a result of the examinations, a new “knapweed” species, Centaurea ankarica (sect. Centaurea), was identified from Central Anatolia in light of morphological and molecular studies. Although the new species is morphologically similar to Centaurea olympica and C. polyclada, it is easily differentiated from these species due to characters such as stem length, habit and branching, leaf type, involucrum length, cilia color, achene hairiness and length. Centaurea ankarica grows in steppes between 1300–1880 meters in the province of Ankara. Whereas, Centaurea olympica and C. polyclada grow in forest and maquis clearings between 0–1200 meters in Bursa, Kütahya, Çanakkale, Balıkesir and İzmir provinces. Detailed description of the new species is given with its holotype and flower pictures, chorology and some ecological features.

Keywords

endemic, phylogeny, Ankara, Cardueae, Centaurea, Türkiye

Project Number

117Z222

Türkiye’den Yeni Bir Tür, Centaurea ankarica (Cardueae, Asteraceae)

Abstract

Ankara çevresinden 2021 ve 2022 yıllarında toplanan ilginç Centaurea örnekleri Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands ve komşu ülke floralarından yararlanılarak incelendi. İnceleme sonucunda, morfolojik ve moleküler çalışmalar ışığında Orta Anadolu’dan (Türkiye) yeni bir “peygamberçiçeği” türü, Centaurea ankarica (sek. Centaurea), tanımlandı. Yeni tür morfolojik olarak Centaurea olympica ve C. polyclada ile benzer olmasına rağmen, gövde boyu, görünümü ve dallanması, yaprak tipi, involukrum boyu, sil rengi, aken tüylülüğü ve boyu gibi karakterler nedeniyle bu türlerden kolayca ayrılır. Centaurea ankarica, Ankara ilinde yaklaşık 1300–1880 metreler arası yükseklikteki bozkırlarda yetişir. Oysaki Centaurea olympica ve C. polyclada Bursa, Kütahya, Çanakkale, Balıkesir ve İzmir illerinde 0–1200 metre arası yükseklikteki orman ve maki açıklıklarında yetişir. Bu çalışmada yeni türün detaylı betimlemesi, habit ve çiçek resimleri, korolojisi ve bazı ekolojik özellikleri verilmiştir

Keywords

Ankara, Cardueae, Centaurea, endemik, filogeni, Türkiye, endemic, phylogeny

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

117Z222

Thanks

Finansal desteği için TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür ederiz (Proje numarası: TBAG-117Z222).

References

• Armağan M. & Uysal T. (2018). Centaurea kirmacii (Asteraceae), a new species from southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 362: 233–238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.2.10.
• Bancheva, S., Kaya, Z. & Binzet, R. (2014). Centaurea aytugiana (Asteraceae), a new species from north Anatolia, Turkey. Novon 23(2): 133–138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3417/2011026.
• Bancheva, S. & Kaya, Z. (2015). Centaurea raimondoi, a new species from Asteraceae. Flora Mediterranea 25: 305–310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit25.305.
• Behçet, L., İlçim, A. & Yapar, Y. (2017). Centaurea bingoelensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Turk J Bot 41: 180–188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1512-14.
• Bona, M. (2015). Centaurea goksivriensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 203: 63–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.6.
• Bona, M. (2016). Centaurea amanosensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Plant Biosystems 150: 1083–1086. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.1001465.
• Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae cladistics and classification. 1st Edn. Timber Press, Portland, p. 752.
• Cullings, K.W. (1992). Design and testing of a plant-specific PCR primer for ecological and evolutionary studies. Molecular Ecology 1: 233–240.
• Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11–15.
• Duman, H., Uzunhisarcıklı, M.E. & Noyan Bahadır, Y. (2021). A new species of Centaurea (Asteraceae) from northern Turkey. Nord J Bot 39(10): 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ njb.03244.
• Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791.
• Garcia-Jacas, N., Susanna, A., Garnatje, T. & Vilatersana, R. (2001). Generic delimitation and phylogeny of the subtribe Centaureinae (Asteraceae): a combined nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis. Ann Bot 87: 503–515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2000.1364.
• Garcia-Jacas, N., Uysal, T., Romaschenko, K., Suárez-Santiago, V.N., Ertuğrul, K. & Susanna, A. (2006). Centaurea revisited: A molecular survey of the Jacea group. Ann Bot 98: 741–753. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl157.
• Garcia-Jacas, N., Soltis, P.S., Font, M., Soltis D.E., Vilatersana R. & Susanna, A. (2009). The polyploid series of Centaurea toletana: Glacial migrations and introgression revealed by nrDNA and cpDNA sequence analyzes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 52: 377–394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.010.
• Greuter, W. (2003). The Euro+Med treatment of Cardueae (Compositae)–Generic concepts and required new names. Wildenowia 33: 49–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.33.33104.
• Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (2009). Med-Checklist Notulae, 28. Willdenowia 39(2): 335–345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.39.39211.
• Hall, T.A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis. Program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl Acid S 41: 95–98.
• Hamzaoğlu, E. & Koç, M. (2020). A new record for the flora of Turkey, Centaurea gulissashwilii (sect. Centaurea, Asteraceae). Türler ve Habitatlar 1(2): 106–113.
• Hellwig, F.H. (2004). Centaureinae (Asteraceae) in the Mediterranean history of ecogeographical radiation. Plant Syst Evol 246: 137–162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-004-0150-2.
• Hilpold, A., Vilatersana, R., Susanna, A., Meseguer Andrea, S., Boršić, I., Constantinidis, T., Filigheddu, R., Romaschenko, K., Suárez-Santiago, V.N., Tugay, O., Uysal, T., Pfeil Bernard, E. & Garcia-Jacas, N. (2014). Phylogeny of the Centaurea group (Centaurea, Compositae): geography is a better predictor than morphology. Mol Phylogenet Evol 77: 195–215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.022.
• Kashi, A.M., Tahermanesh, K., Chaichian, S., Joghataei, M.T., Moradi, F., Tavangar, S.M., Najafabadi, A.S.M., Lotfibakhshaiesh, N., Beyranvand, S.P., Anvari-Yazdi, A.F. & Abed, S.M. (2014). How to Prepare Biological Samples and Live Tissues for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Galen Medical Journal 3(2): 63–80.
• Köse, Y.B. & Alan, S. (2013). Centaurea baseri (Compositae), a new species from Turkey. Phytataxa 117: 23–29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.117.1.3.
• Koul, K.K., Nagpal, R. & Raina S.N. (2000). Seed coat microsculpturing in Brassica and allied genera (subtribes Brassicinae, Raphaninae, Moricandiinae). Ann Bot 86: 385–397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/ANBO.2000.1197.
• Kültür, Ş., Bona, M. & Nath, E.Ö. (2016). A new species of Centaurea (Asteraceae) from East Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa. 247: 117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.247.1.6.
• Negaresh, K., Kaya, Z. & Rahiminejad, M.R. (2015). Centaurea sennikoviana (Asteraceae, Cardueae) a new species from central Anatolia, Turkey. Ann Bot Fenn 52(5/6): 321–327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/085.052.0507.
• Negaresh, K. & Rahiminejad, M.R. (2018). A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae). Phytotaxa 363: 1–131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/ phytotaxa.363.1.1.
• Özbek, U.M. (2021). Centaurea kirikkalensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Nord J Bot 39(7): 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03235.
• Pınar, S.M. (2016). Centaurea sintenisiana Gand. A new record for the family Asteraceae (Compositae) from Turkey. Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of the Institute of Natural & Applied Sciences 21(2): 75–82.
• Romaschenko, K., Ertugrul, K. & Susanna, A. (2004). New chromosome counts in the Centaurea jacea group (Asteraceae, Cardueae) and some related taxa. Bot J Linn Soc 145: 345–352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00292.x.
• Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model selection across a large model space. Syst Biol 61: 539-542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029.
• Şirin, E., Çeçen, Ö., Bozkurt, M. & Ertuğrul, K. (2019). Centaurea uysalii (Cyanus/Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Turk J Bot 43: 809–816. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1901-12.
• Şirin, E., Uysal, T., Bozkurt, M. & Ertuğrul, K. (2020). Centaurea akcadaghensis and C. ermenekensis (Asteraceae), two new species from Turkey. Mediterr Bot 41: 173–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/mbot.68628.
• Şirin, E., Uysal, T., Bozkurt, M. & Ertuğrul, K. (2022). Karyomorphological, molecular and morphological evidence for a new species, Centaurea mengenensis (Asteraceae), from Turkey. Nord J Bot 2022(4): 113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03389.
• Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S., Collier, T.G. & Edgerton, M.L. (1991). Chloroplast DNA Variation Within and Among Genera of the Heuchera group (Saxifragaceae): evidence for chloroplast transfer and paraphyly. Am J Bot 78(8): 1091–1112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1991.tb14517.x.
• Susanna, A. & Garcia-Jacas, N. (2009). Cardueae (Carduoideae) In: Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. Bayer, R. (Eds.). Systematics, evolution and biogeography of Compositae. International Association for Plant Taxonomy, Vienna, pp. 293–313.
• Swofford, D.L. (2002). PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and Other Methods), Version 4.0 Beta 10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
• Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Vol. 4, Cambridfge University Press, Cambridge, p. 254301.
• Tzvelev, N.N. (2001). [Centaurea L.] In: Bobrov, E.G. & Czerepanov, S.K. (Eds.). Flora of USSR. Vol. 28 (Translated from Russian: Smithsonian Institution Libraries). Amerind Publishing, Washington, D.C., pp. 529–530.
• Uysal, T., Ertugrul, K., Susanna, A. & Garcia-Jacas, N. (2009). New chromosome counts in the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae) from Turkey. Bot J Linn Soc 159: 280–286. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00939.x.
• Uysal, T., Arslan, E., Tugay, O. & Ertugrul, K. (2010). Determination of the relationship between some Centaurea species based on SDS-PAGE. Turk J Biol 34: 125–131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-0809-15.
• Uysal, T. (2012). [Centaurea L.]. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (edlr.). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, pp. 127–140.
• Uysal, T., Bozkurt, M., Şimşek Sezer, E.N., Ertuğrul, K. & Tugay, O. (2015). Karyological studies of four endemic Centaurea L. species. Caryologia 68: 339–346. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2015.1109922.
• Uysal T., Hamzaoğlu, E., Ertuğrul, K. & Bozkurt M. (2016). A new species of Centaurea (Asteraceae) from Turkey. Phytotaxa 275: 149–158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/ phytotaxa.275.2.6.
• Uysal, T. & Hamzaoğlu, E. (2017). A new Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) species from Turkey. Plant Biosystems 151: 813–821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2016.1211196.
• Uysal, T., Dural, H. & Tugay, O. (2017). Centaurea sakariyaensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Plant Biosystems 151: 126–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015. 1108940.
• Vural, M., Duman, H., Aytaç, Z. & Adıgüzel, N. (2006). Saponaria karapinarensis, Senecio salsuginea and Centaurea tuzgoluensis, three new species from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Belg J Bot 139: 252260.
• Wagenitz, G. (1975). [Centaurea L.] In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 5. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 465–585.
• Wagenitz, G. (1980). [Centaurea L.] In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.). Flora Iranica. Vol. 139b. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 356–362.
• Wagenitz, G. & Hellwig F.H. (1996). Evolution of characters and phylogeny of the Centaureinae. In: Hind, D.J.N. & Beentje, H. (Eds.). Compositae. Systematics. Proceedings of the international Compositae conference Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 491–510.
• Wagenitz, G. & Hellwig, F.H. (2000). The genus Psephellus Cass. (Compositae, Cardueae) revisited with a broadened concept. Willdenowia 30: 2944.
• WFO (2022). World Flora Online (WFO). Centaurea. http://www.worldfloraonline.org/. [19.08.2022].
• White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and Direct Sequencing of Fungal Ribosomal RNA Genes for Phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.). PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315322. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
• Yıldırımlı, Ş. (2012). The heaven of gypsophilous phytodiversity of Turkey: Kepen, Sivrihisar, Eskişehir, Turkey, 13 taxa as new. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 19: 1–51.
• Yıldırımlı, Ş. (2018). Five new species, a new subspecies and a new combination and status from gypsaceum areas of Ankara province, Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 25: 1– 22.
• Yüzbaşıoğlu, İ.S., Bona, M. & Genç, M. (2015). A new species of Centaurea sect. Pseudoseridia (Asteraceae) from north-eastern Turkey. PhytoKeys 53: 27–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/ phytokeys.53.5250.