Çok Düşük Doğum Ağırlıklı Bebekler Halk Sağlığı Sorunudur

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 52 - 63, 06.09.2021

Myeryekye Amantaı

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.944231

Cited By: 1

Öz

Prenatal, obstetrik ve yenidoğan bakımındaki gelişmeler preterm bebeklerin hayatta kalma oranlarını artırmıştır. Fakat, çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebekler gerek yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesi döneminde gerekse uzun süreli izlemde pahalı tedaviler ve yoğun bakımda daha uzun süre kalmayı gerektiren morbiditelerle karşılaşmaktalar ve hatta yaşamlarını kaybetmektedirler. Bir bebeğin doğum ağırlığı ne kadar düşükse, ölüm riski de o kadar yüksek olmaktadır. Bu nedenle çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebeklerde gelişen kısa ve uzun vadeli morbiditeler sadece yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatış süresini uzatmakla kalmaz aynı zamanda sağlık hizmetlerinin maliyetlerini de arttırır. Ayrıca uzun vadede, bu popülasyonda görülen, bedensel ve zihinsel gelişme gerilikleri toplum içinde ciddi ekonomik sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu çalışmada prematür doğumların önlenmesinin önemine vurgu yapılmakta olup, sağlık politikası yapıcılarının gündeminde öncelikli bir konu olması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çok düşük doğum ağırlığı, Halk sağlığı, Erken doğum

Teşekkür

Doç. Dr. Metin DİNÇER hocama sağladığı desteğinden dolayı teşekkür ediyorum.

Very Low Birth Weight Infants Public Health Issue

Öz

Improvements in prenatal, obstetric and neonatal care have increased the survival rates of preterm babies. But babies with very low birth weight experience morbidity that require expensive treatments and longer stays in intensive care, both during the neonatal intensive care unit and long-term monitoring, and even lose their lives. The lower the birth weight of a baby, the higher the risk of death. For this reason, short-and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants not only increases the duration of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit, but also increases the costs of health services. In addition, in the long term, the physical and mental development delays observed in this population have serious economic consequences in society. In this study, the importance of preventing premature births is emphasized and it is thought that it should be a priority issue on the agenda of health policy makers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Very low birth weight, Public health, Preterm birth

Kaynakça

• 1. Larroque B, Bertrais S, Czernichow P, Léger J. School difficulties in 20-year-olds who were born small for gestational age at term in a regional cohort studay. Pediatrics. 2001;108:111–5.
• 2. Tricia J. Johnson, Aloka L. Patel, Harold R. Bigger, Janet L. Engstrom and PPM. Cost Savings of Human Milk as a Strategy to Reduce the Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Physiol Behav. 2015;107(4):271–6.
• 3. Wilcox AJ. On the importance-and the unimportance-of birthweight. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30:1233–41.
• 4. Paneth NS. Low Problem of Birth Weight. Futur Child. 1995;5(1):19–34.
• 5. Bente Johanne Vederhus. Health-Related Quality of Life, emotional and behavioural difficulties and perception of pain after extreme preterm birth-a population-based longitudinal cohort study. University of Bergen; 2015.
• 6. Engle WA. Age terminology during the perinatal period. Pediatrics. 2004;114(5):1362–4.
• 7. World Health Organization; March of Dimes; The Partnership for Maternal N& CHS the C. Born Too Soon The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. 2012.
• 8. Quinn JA, Munoz FM, Gonik B, Frau L, Cutland C, Mallett-Moore T, et al. Preterm birth: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data. Vaccine. 2016;34(49):6047–56.
• 9. Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Chu Y, Perin J, Zhu J, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet [Internet]. 2016;388(10063):3027–35. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31593-8
• 10. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ, Chou D, Moller AB, Narwal R, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: A systematic analysis and implications. The LancetLancet [Internet]. 2012;379(9832):2162–72. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60820-4
• 11. Johnson TJ, Patel AL, Bigger HR, Engstrom JL, Meier PP. Economic Benefits and Costs of Human Milk Feedings: A Strategy to Reduce the Risk of Prematurity-Related Morbidities in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants. Adv Nutr. 2014;5(2):207–12.
• 12. Lim JW, Chung S-H, Kang DR, Kim C-R. Risk factors for cause-specific mortality of very-low-birth- weight infants in the Korean Neonatal Network. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30:S35–44.
• 13. Victora JD, Silveira MF, Tonial CT, Victora CG, Barros FC, Horta BL, et al. Prevalence, mortality and risk factors associated with very low birth weight preterm infants: an analysis of 33 years. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96(3):327–32.
• 14. Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Walsh MC, et al. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2010;126(3):443–56.
• 15. Lee HC, Liu J, Profit J, Hintz SR, Gould JB. Survival without major morbidity among very low birth weight infants in California. Vol. 146, Pediatrics. 2020.
• 16. Koc E, Demirel N, Bas AY, Isik DU, Hirfanoglu IM, Tunc T, et al. Early neonatal outcomes of very-low-birthweight infants in Turkey: A prospective multicenter study of the Turkish Neonatal Society. PLoS One. 2019;14(12):1–12.
• 17. Alqurashi MA. Survival rate of very low birth weight infants over a quarter century (1994-2019): A single-institution experience. J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2021;14(2):253–60.
• 18. Behrman RE, Butler AS. Preterm birth: causes, consequences, and prevention. Washington (DC): National Academies Press. 2007.
• 19. Horbar JD, Carpenter JH, Badger GJ, Kenny MJ, Soll RF, Morrow KA, et al. Mortality and neonatal morbidity among infants 501 to 1500 grams from 2000 to 2009. Pediatrics. 2012;129(6):1019–26.
• 20. Chawanpaiboon S, Vogel JP, Moller A, Lumbiganon P, Petzold M, Hogan D, et al. Articles Global , regional , and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014 : a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Heal. 2019;7(1):e37-46.
• 21. Karen J. Marcdante RMK. Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics. Vol. 99, The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 1999. 23a p.
• 22. Akkawi MT, Shehadeh MM, Shams ANA, Al-Hardan DM, Omar LJ, Almahmoud OH, et al. Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in three neonatal intensive care units in Palestine. BMC Ophthalmol. 2019;19(1):1–7.
• 23. Wu T, Zhang L, Tong Y, Qu Y, Xia B, Mu D. Retinopathy of prematurity among very low-birth-weight infants in china: Incidence and perinatal risk factors. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59(2):757–63.
• 24. Babaei H, Ansari MR, Alipour AA, Ahmadipour S, Safari-Faramani R, Vakili J. Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants in Kermanshah, Iran. World Appl Sci J. 2012;18(5):600–4.
• 25. Hwang JH, Lee EH, Kim EAR. Retinopathy of prematurity among very-low-birth-weight infants in Korea: Incidence, treatment, and risk factors. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30(10):S88–94.
• 26. Bas AY, Demirel N, Koc E, Ulubas Isik Di, Hirfanoglu IM, Tunc T. Incidence, risk factors and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Turkey (TR-ROP study): A prospective, multicentre study in 69 neonatal intensive care units. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102:1711–6.
• 27. Hassan SA. Mersin üniversitesi tıp fakültesi araştırma ve uygulama merkezi pediatrik oftalmoloji polikliniği’ne getirilen prematüre bebeklerin prematüre retinopatisi sıklığı ve etkileyen faktörler. Mersin Üniversitesi; 2019.
• 28. Northway; W.H.; Jr.; Rosan; R.C.; Porter; D.Y.and David Y.Porter. Pulmonary disease following respirator therapy of hyaline-membrane disease. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 1967;276:357–68.
• 29. Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:1723–9.
• 30. Davidson L, Berkelhamer S. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy and Long-Term Pulmonary Outcomes. J Clin Med. 2017;6(4):1–20.
• 31. Lapcharoensap W, Gage SC, Kan P, Profit J, Shaw GM, Gould JB, et al. Hospital variation and risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a population-based cohort. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(2):1–7.
• 32. Álvarez-Fuente M, Arruza L, Muro M, Zozaya C, Avila A, López-Ortego P, et al. The economic impact of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176(12):1587–93.
• 33. Cokyaman, Turgay. Kavuncuoğlu S. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Frequency and Risk Factors in Very Low Birth Weight İnfants: a 3-Year Retrospective Study. North Clin Istanbul. 2019;7(2):124–30.
• 34. Avery ME, Mead J. Surface Properties in Relation to Atelectasis and Hyaline Membrane Disease. AMA J Dis Child. 1959;97:517–23.
• 35. St Clair C. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome as a function of gestational age and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio [Internet]. Yale University; 2007. Available from: http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdlhttp://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl/378
• 36. Kale Çekinmez E. 34 haftadan küçük respiratuar distres sendromlu preterm bebeklere ince kateter veya entübasyon tüpü ile sürfaktan uygulaması. Çukurova Üniversitesi; 2013.
• 37. Eren Kale Çekilmez, Hacer Yapıcıoğlu Yıldırdaş FÖ. Respiratuar distres sendromu ve komplikasyonları. Arçiv kaynak tarama Derg. 2013;22(4):615–30.
• 38. Mahsereci F. Respiratuvar distres sendromlu premature bebeklerde trakeal aspirasyon sıvısında interlökin-8, interlökin-10 ve prokalsitonin düzeylerinin rds şiddeti ve kronik akciğer hastalığı ile ilişkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi; 2005.
• 39. Hjalmarson O. Epidemology and classification of acute, neonatal, respiratory disorders. Acta Pediatr Scand. 1981;70:773–83.
• 40. Rubaltelli FF, Bonafè L, Tangucci M, Spagnolo A, Dani C. Epidemiology of neonatal acute respiratory disorders. A multicenter study on incidence and fatality rates of neonatal acute respiratory disorders according to gestational age, maternal age, pregnancy complications and type of delivery. Biol Neonate. 1998;74:7–15.
• 41. K Nagendra, CG Wilson, B Ravichander, S Sood SS. İncidence and etiology of respiratory distress in newborn. Med J Armed Forces India. 1999;55:331–3.
• 42. Pereira SMP, Cardoso MHC de A, Figuexeds AL, Mattos H, Rozembaum R, Ferreira VI, et al. Sepsis-related mortality of very low birth weight Brazilian infants: the role of pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Pediatr. 2009;1–6.
• 43. Dong Y, Speer CP. Late-onset neonatal sepsis:Recent developments. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015;100:F257–63.
• 44. McCormick MC, Litt JS, Smith VC, Zupancic JAF. Prematurity: An overview and public health implications. Annu Rev Public Health. 2011;32:367–79.
• 45. Jack S. Remington, Jerome O. Klein, Christopher B. Wilson, Victor Nizet YAM. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. Seventh. Elsevier Saunders. Philadelphia; 2011. 25 p.
• 46. Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Sánchez PJ, Faix RG, Poindexter BB, Van Meurs KP, et al. Early onset neonatal sepsis: The burden of group B streptococcal and E. coli disease continues. Pediatrics. 2011;127(5):817–26.
• 47. Satar M, Arısoy AE, Çelik İH. Yeni̇doğan enfeksi̇yonlari tani ve tedavi̇ rehberi̇ [Internet]. Turk Pediatri Ars. Türkiye; 2018. Available from: http://www.neonatology.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/yenidogan_enfeksiyonlari_tanı_ve_tedavi_rehberi_2018.pdf
• 48. Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, Shackelford KA, Tsoi D, Kievlan DR, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet [Internet]. 2020;395(10219):200–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32989-7
• 49. Egesa WI, Odoch S, Odong RJ, Nakalema G, Asiimwe D, Ekuk E, et al. Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Tale of Preterm Infants. Int J Pediatr (United Kingdom). 2021;2021.
• 50. Dursun M, Bulbul A, Uslu HS, Guran O, Zubarioglu AU, Turkoglu Unal E, et al. Çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı prematüre bebeklerde intraventriküler kanama sıklığı ve risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Çocuk Derdisi. 2013;13(3):109–15.
• 51. Linder N, Haskin O, Orli L, Gil K, Tal P, Nora N, et al. Risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight premature infants: A retrospective case-control study. Am Acad Pediatr. 2003;111(5):e590–5.
• 52. Köksal N, Baytan B, Bayram Y, Nacarküçük E. Risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants. İndian J Pediatr. 2002;69(7):561–4.
• 53. Marba STM, Caldas JPS, Vinagre LEF, Pessoto MA. İncidence of periventriculr/intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants: a 15-year cohort study. J Pediatr. 2011;87(6):505–11.
• 54. Özdemir ÖMA, Gürses M, Küçüktaşçı K, Koçyiğit A, Ergin H. Periventriküler/intraventriküler kanamalı yenidoğanlarda risk faktörleri. İzmir Dr Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast Derg. 2015;5(3):161–6.
• 55. Vohr BR, Wright LL, Dusick AM, Mele L, Verter J, Steichen JJ, et al. Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993-1994. Pediatrics. 2000;105(6):1216–26.
• 56. Marlow N. Neurocognitive outcome after very preterm birth. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;89:F224–8.
• 57. Bracewell M, Marlow N. Patterns of motor disability in very preterm children. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2002;8(4):241–8.
• 58. C.Allen M. Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants. Curr Opin Neurol. 2008;21:123–8.
• 59. Hack M, Taylor HG, Klein N, Mercuri-minich N. 14-Year-Old Children Weighing Less Than 750 Grams at Birth. Pediatrics. 2000;106(3).
• 60. Cheah IGS. Economic assessment of neonatal intensive care. Transl Pediatr. 2019;8(3):246–56.
• 61. Rogowski J. Cost-effectiveness of care for very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 1998;102:35–43.
• 62. Hoque M, Ahmed A, Halder S, Khan M, Chowdhury M. Morbidities of preterm VLBW neonates and the bacteriological profile of sepsis cases. Pulse. 2011;4(1):5–9.
• 63. Tricia J. Johnson, Aloka L. Patel, Briana Jegier, CLC1, Janet L. Engstrom, RN, CNM, WHNP-BC, and Paula Meier, RN F. The Cost of Morbidities in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. J Pediatr. 2013;162(2):243–9.
• 64. Russell RB, Green NS, Steiner CA, Meikle S, Howse JL, Poschman K, et al. Cost of hospitalization for preterm and low birth weight infants in the United States. Pediatrics. 2007;120(1):e1-9.
• 65. McLaurin KK, Hall CB, Jackson EA, Owens O V., Mahadevia PJ. Persistence of morbidity and cost differences between late-preterm and term infants during the first year of life. Pediatrics. 2009;123(2):653–9.
• 66. Helle (Korvenranta) E, Lehtonen L, Rautava L, Häkkinen U, Andersson S, Gissler M, et al. Impact of very preterm birth on health care costs at five years of age. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5):e1-9.
• 67. Schmitt SK, Sneeda L, Phibbs CS. Costs of newborn care in California: A population-based study. Pediatrics. 2006;117(1):154–60.
• 68. Petrou S. Economic consequences of preterm birth and low birthweight. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;110:17–23.
• 69. Petrou S, Gray A. Economic evaluation alongside randomised controlled trials: Design, conduct, analysis, and reporting. Bmj. 2011;342(d1548):1–6.
• 70. Tommiska V, Tuominen R, Fellman V. Economic costs of care in extremely low birthweight infants during the first 2 years of life. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2003;4(2):157–63.
• 71. Petrou S, Yiu HH, Kwon J. Economic consequences of preterm birth: A systematic review of the recent literature (2009-2017). Arch Dis Child. 2019;104(5):456–65.
• 72. Petrou S. The economic consequences of preterm birth during the first 10 years of life. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;112:10–5.
• 73. Cömert S, Aǧzikuru T, Akin Y, Telatar B, Tan PD, Ergen SG, et al. The cost analysis of preterm infants from a NICU of a state hospital in Istanbul. Iran J Pediatr. 2012;22(2):185–90.
• 74. Newnham JP, Dickinson JE, Hart RJ, Pennell CE, Arrese CA, Keelan JA. Strategies to prevent preterm birth. Front Immunol. 2014;5:1–12.
• 75. Van Zijl MD, Koullali B, Mol BWJ, Pajkrt E, Oudijk MA. Prevention of preterm delivery: Current challenges and future prospects. Int J Womens Health. 2016;8:633–45.
• 76. Keelan JA, Newnham JP. Recent advances in the prevention of preterm birth. F1000Research. 2017;6(0):1–11.
• 77. Pinto F, Fernandes E, Virella D, Abrantes A, Tereso Neto M. Born Preterm : A Public Health Issue. Port J Public Heal. 2019;37:38–49.