Beslenme ve Epigenetik

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 104 - 120, 30.12.2023

Filiz Yeşilırmak

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1401741

Öz

Epigenetik DNA dizisindeki değişikliklerle açıklanamayan kromatin yapısındaki değişklikleri ifade eder. Besinler, DNA metilasyonu ve histon modifikasyonları gibi epigenetik olayları tersine çevirebilir veya değiştirebilir. Besinlerin ve biyoaktif gıda bileşenlerinin, global DNA metilasyonunu ve gen ifadesiyle yakından ilişkili olan gene özgü promotör DNA metilasyonunu veya histon modifikasyonlarını etkileyerek epigenetik olayları etkileyebileceği görülmektedir. Epigenetik artık cazip bir beslenme müdahalesi alanı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çeşitli yaşam evrelerindeki beslenme durumu DNA metilasyonunu etkilemektedir. Fetal gelişim sırasında annenin yetersiz beslenmesi yada aşırı beslenmesi DNA metilasyon değişiklikleriyle ilişkilidir ve epigenetik değişikliklere neden olur. DNA metilasyonunun fetal programlama ile ilişkili zararlı sağlık etkilerine, özellikle de obezite ve tip 2 diyabet riskine katkıda bulunabileceği bulunmuştur. Bu hastalıklar için bir tedavi geliştirme veya önleyici tedbirler keşfetme olasılığı heyecan verici olsa da, beslenme epigenetiği alanındaki mevcut bilgiler sınırlıdır ve mevcut kaynakları genişletmek ve sağlığımızı korumak ve değiştirilebilir epigenetik mekanizmalar yoluyla hastalıkları önlemek için besinlerin veya biyoaktif gıda bileşenlerinin kullanımını daha iyi anlamak için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme bilimi, DNA metilasyonu, Epigenetik süreçler

Nutrition and Epigenetic

Öz

Epigenetics refers to changes in chromatin structure that cannot be explained by alterations in the DNA sequence. Nutrients have the ability to reverse or modify epigenetic events such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. It has been observed that nutrients and bioactive food components can influence epigenetic events by affecting global DNA methylation and gene-specific promoter DNA methylation or histone modifications, which are closely associated with gene expression. Epigenetics is now considered an appealing area for nutritional intervention. The nutritional status at various stages of life affects DNA methylation. Maternal undernutrition or overnutrition during fetal development is associated with DNA methylation changes and leads to epigenetic alterations. It has been found that DNA methylation may contribute to adverse health effects associated with fetal programming, particularly in relation to obesity and type 2 diabetes risk. While the possibility of developing treatments or preventive measures for these diseases is exciting, the current knowledge in the field of nutritional epigenetics is limited, and further research is needed to better understand the use of nutrients or bioactive food components in preserving our health and preventing diseases through modifiable epigenetic mechanisms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DNA metylation, Epigenetic processes, Nutrition Science

Kaynakça

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