Relationship Between Nystagmus and Extraocular Eye Muscles in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 75 - 82, 28.12.2024

Muhammed Pınar , Füsun Sunar

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1595634

Öz

Extraocular eye muscles (EOM) regulate eye movements and ensure harmony between eye and head movements for balance. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) disrupts this harmony by causing nystagmus triggered by head movements. Nystagmus occurs as a result of the interaction between the slow phase originating from the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the fast phase originating from the pontine paramedian reticular formation (PPRF). In the interpretation of nystagmus observed in BPPV, instead of naming the eye muscles as a result of movements used in the isolated clinical evaluation of EOMs, the anatomical functions of the muscles should be taken into consideration and the naming should be made. Incorrect naming may make it difficult to understand the pathophysiology of BPPV. Therefore, it is important to know the characteristics of nystagmus and to apply specialized maneuvers for the affected semicircular canal in order to increase the effectiveness of BPPV diagnosis and treatment. In this context, our review study revealed the relationship between the nystagmus observed in BPPV and the anatomical movements of the extraocular eye muscles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Nystagmus, Oculomotor muscles, Vestibulo-ocular reflex

Benign Paroksismal Pozisyonel Vertigo’da Gözlenen Nistagmus ile Ekstraoküler Göz Kasları Arasındaki İlişki

Öz

Ekstraoküler göz kasları (EOK), göz hareketlerini düzenleyerek dengenin sağlanabilmesi için göz ile baş hareketleri arasında uyumu sağlamaktadır. Benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigo (BPPV), baş hareketleri ile tetiklenen nistagmus oluşumuna yol açarak bu uyumu bozmaktadır. Nistagmus, vestibülooküler refleks (VOR) kaynaklı yavaş faz ile pontin paramedian retiküler formasyon (PPRF) kaynaklı hızlı fazın etkileşimi sonucu ortaya çıkar. BPPV’de gözlenen nistagmusun yorumlanmasında, EOK’ların izole klinik değerlendirmesinde kullanılan hareketler sonucunda isimlendirilen göz kaslarının yerine kasların anatomik görevleri göz önünde bulundurularak isimlendirmenin yapılması gerekmektedir. İsimlendirmenin yanlış yapılması BPPV’nin patofizyoloji anlaşılmasını zorlaştırabilir. Bu nedenle, BPPV tanı ve tedavisinin etkinliğini artırmak için nistagmus özelliklerinin bilinmesi ve etkilenen semisirküler kanala yönelik özelleştirilmiş manevraların uygulanması önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda derleme çalışmamızda BPPV’de gözlenen nistagmus ile ekstraoküler göz kaslarının anatomik hareketleri arasındaki ilişki ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigo, Nistagmus, Okülomotor kaslar, Vestibülo-oküler refleks

Kaynakça

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