Research Article
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Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in Zonguldak Province by Remote Sensing

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 57 - 67, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1484324

Abstract

While air pollution poses a major threat to environmental health, monitoring and understanding this problem is extremely important. Especially in industrial areas, it is a vital requirement to monitor the levels of pollutants such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3), Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) in the atmosphere. This situation becomes even more critical in areas such as Zonguldak where industrial activities are intense. In this study, the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite and Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform were used to determine the air quality values in Zonguldak province. The study extracted data using coding method to determine the values of pollutants such as NO2, SO2, O3, HCHO and CO in the atmosphere between 2020 and-2022. Coding was performed using satellite data on the GEE platform and thematic maps and graphs were created with the data obtained. According to the results obtained, it was observed that air pollution is intense especially in Ereğli district and Filyos town. Such analyses are extremely important in terms of understanding the pollution levels in certain regions and evaluating their possible environmental impacts. These findings can provide important clues for taking protective measures for environmental health and reducing the effects of industrial activities on the environment.

References

  • Amani, M., Ghorbanian, A., Ahmadi S. A., Moghimi, A., Mirmazloumi, S. M., Hamed, S., Moghaddam, A., Mahdavi, S., Ghahremanloo, M., Parsian, S., Wu, Q. & Brisco, B. (2020). Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform for remote sensing big data applications: a comprehensive review. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 13, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2020.3021052
  • Andre, L., Boissière J., Reboul, C., Perrier, R., Zalvidea, S., Meyer, G., Thireau, J., Tanguy, S., Bideaux P. & Hayot M. (2010). Carbon monoxide pollution promotes cardiac remodeling and ventricular arrhythmia in healthy rats. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 181(6), 587-595. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200905-0794OC
  • Badarinath, K., Kharol, S. K., Prasad, V. K., Sharma, A. R., Reddi, E., Kambezidis, H. & Kaskaoutis, D. (2008). Influence of natural and anthropogenic activities on UV Index variations–a study over tropical urban region using ground-based observations and satellite data. J Atmos Chem., 59(3), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-008-9103-4
  • Bechle, M. J., Millet, D. B. & Marshall, J. D. (2013). Remote sensing of NO2 exposure: Satellite and ground-based measurement in a large urban area. Atmospheric Environment, 69, 345-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.046
  • Blair, A., Saracci, R., Stewart P. A., Hayes, R. & Shy, C. (1990). Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between formaldehyde exposure and cancer. Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health, 16, 381–393.
  • Chen, T. M., Kuschner, W. G., Gokhale, J., & Shofer, S. (2007). Outdoor air pollution: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide health effects. The American journal of the medical sciences, 333(4), 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31803b900f
  • Gautam, S. & Hens, L. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in India: What can we expect? Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22(5), 3867-3869.
  • Ghorani-Azam, A., Riahi-Zanjani, B. & Balali-Mood, M. (2016). Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran. Journal of research in medical sciences, 21(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-1995.189646
  • Hashim, B. M., Al-Naseri, S. K., Al-Maliki, A. & Al-Ansari, N. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on NO2, O3, PM2. 5 and PM10 concentrations and assessing air quality changes in Baghdad, Iraq. Science of the Total Environment, 754, 141978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141978
  • Jain, P. C. (1993). Greenhouse effect and climate change: scientific basis and overview. Renew Energy, 3, 403- 420.
  • Jin, X., Fiore, A., Boersma, K. F., Smedt, I. D. & Valin, L. (2020). Inferring changes in summertime surface Ozone–NO x–VOC chemistry over US urban areas from two decades of satellite and ground-based observations. Environmental science & technology, 54(11), 6518-6529. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07785
  • Kaplan, G., Avdan, Z. Y., & Avdan, U. (2019). Spaceborne nitrogen dioxide observations from the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI over Turkey. In International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing, 18(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECRS-3-06181
  • Li, G., Zavala, M., Lei W., Tsimpidi, A., Karydis, V., Pandis, S. N., Canagaratna, M. & Molina, L. (2011). Simulations of organic aerosol concentrations in Mexico City using the WRF-CHEM model during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO campaign. Atmos Chem Phys., 11(8), 3789–3809. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3789-2011
  • Muhammad, S., Long, X., & Salman, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and environmental pollution: A blessing in disguise? Science of the total environment, 728, 138820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138820
  • Scheffe R. D., Strum M., Phillips S. B., Thurman J., Eyth A., Fudge S., Morris M. & Palma T. (2016). Cook, R. Hybrid Modeling Approach to Estimate Exposures of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) for the National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA). Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 12356–12364. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04752
  • Tesfaye, S., Hamba, N., Gerbi, A. & Neger, Z. (2020). Oxidative Stress and Carcinogenic Effect of Formaldehyde Exposure: Systematic Review & Analysis. Endocrinol. Metab. Syndr. 9(6), 319-330.
  • Theys, N., Hedelt, P., Smedt, I., Lerot, C., Yu, H., Vlietinck, J., Pedergnana, M., Arellano, S., Galle, B., Fernandez, D., Carlito, C. J. M., Barrington, C., Taisne, B., Delgado-Granados, H., Loyola, D., Roozendael, V. M. (2019). Global monitoring of the volcanic SO2 degassing process with unprecedented resolution from TROPOMI on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor ship Science. Representative, 9, 2643.
  • Varma, D. R., Mulay, S. & Chemtob, S. (2009). Carbon monoxide: from public health risk to painless killer. In Handbook of toxicology of chemical warfare agents. Academic Press, 271-292.
  • Vîrghileanu, M., Săvulescu, I., Mihai, B. A., Nistor, C., & Dobre, R. (2020). Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Pollution monitoring with Sentinel-5P satellite imagery over Europe during the coronavirus pandemic outbreak. Remote Sensing, 12(21), 3575. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213575
  • Vreman, H. J., Wong, R. J. & Stevenson, D. K. (2000). Carbon monoxide in breath, blood, and other tissues. Carbon monoxide toxicity, 1, 19-60.
  • Ward, P. L. (2009). Sulfur dioxide initiates global climate change in four ways. Thin solid films, 517(11), 3188-3203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.01.005
  • Zheng, Z., Yang, Z., Wu, Z., & Marinello, F. (2019). Spatial variation of NO2 and its impact factors in China: An application of sentinel-5P products. Remote Sensing, 11(16), 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11161939

Uzaktan Algılama ile Zonguldak İlinde Hava Kalitesinin İzlenmesi ve Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 57 - 67, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1484324

Abstract

Hava kirliliği, çevre sağlığı için büyük bir tehdit oluştururken, bu sorunun izlenmesi ve anlaşılması son derece önemlidir. Özellikle endüstriyel bölgelerde, Azot Dioksit (NO2), Kükürt Dioksit (SO2), Ozon (O3), Formaldehit (HCHO) ve Karbon Monoksit (CO) gibi kirleticilerin atmosferdeki seviyelerini izlemek hayati bir gerekliliktir. Bu durum Zonguldak gibi endüstriyel faaliyetlerin yoğun olduğu bölgelerde daha da kritik bir hal alır. Bu çalışmada, Zonguldak ilindeki hava kalitesi değerlerini belirlemek amacıyla Sentinel-5P TROPOMI uydusu ve Google Earth Engine (GEE) platformunu kullanmıştır. Çalışma, 2020-2022 yılları arasında NO2, SO2, O3, HCHO ve CO gibi kirleticilerin atmosferdeki değerlerini belirlemek üzere kodlama yöntemiyle veri çıkartmıştır. GEE platformunda uydu verileri kullanılarak kodlama yapılmış ve elde edilen verilerle tematik haritalar ve grafikler oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlarına göre özellikle Ereğli ilçesi ve Filyos beldesinde hava kirliliğinin yoğun olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu tür analizler, belirli bölgelerdeki kirlilik seviyelerini anlamak ve olası çevresel etkilerini değerlendirmek açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu tespitler, çevre sağlığı için koruyucu tedbirler alınması ve endüstriyel faaliyetlerin çevreye olan etkilerinin azaltılması açısından önemli ipuçları sunabilir.

References

  • Amani, M., Ghorbanian, A., Ahmadi S. A., Moghimi, A., Mirmazloumi, S. M., Hamed, S., Moghaddam, A., Mahdavi, S., Ghahremanloo, M., Parsian, S., Wu, Q. & Brisco, B. (2020). Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform for remote sensing big data applications: a comprehensive review. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 13, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2020.3021052
  • Andre, L., Boissière J., Reboul, C., Perrier, R., Zalvidea, S., Meyer, G., Thireau, J., Tanguy, S., Bideaux P. & Hayot M. (2010). Carbon monoxide pollution promotes cardiac remodeling and ventricular arrhythmia in healthy rats. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 181(6), 587-595. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200905-0794OC
  • Badarinath, K., Kharol, S. K., Prasad, V. K., Sharma, A. R., Reddi, E., Kambezidis, H. & Kaskaoutis, D. (2008). Influence of natural and anthropogenic activities on UV Index variations–a study over tropical urban region using ground-based observations and satellite data. J Atmos Chem., 59(3), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-008-9103-4
  • Bechle, M. J., Millet, D. B. & Marshall, J. D. (2013). Remote sensing of NO2 exposure: Satellite and ground-based measurement in a large urban area. Atmospheric Environment, 69, 345-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.046
  • Blair, A., Saracci, R., Stewart P. A., Hayes, R. & Shy, C. (1990). Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between formaldehyde exposure and cancer. Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health, 16, 381–393.
  • Chen, T. M., Kuschner, W. G., Gokhale, J., & Shofer, S. (2007). Outdoor air pollution: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide health effects. The American journal of the medical sciences, 333(4), 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31803b900f
  • Gautam, S. & Hens, L. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in India: What can we expect? Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22(5), 3867-3869.
  • Ghorani-Azam, A., Riahi-Zanjani, B. & Balali-Mood, M. (2016). Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran. Journal of research in medical sciences, 21(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-1995.189646
  • Hashim, B. M., Al-Naseri, S. K., Al-Maliki, A. & Al-Ansari, N. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on NO2, O3, PM2. 5 and PM10 concentrations and assessing air quality changes in Baghdad, Iraq. Science of the Total Environment, 754, 141978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141978
  • Jain, P. C. (1993). Greenhouse effect and climate change: scientific basis and overview. Renew Energy, 3, 403- 420.
  • Jin, X., Fiore, A., Boersma, K. F., Smedt, I. D. & Valin, L. (2020). Inferring changes in summertime surface Ozone–NO x–VOC chemistry over US urban areas from two decades of satellite and ground-based observations. Environmental science & technology, 54(11), 6518-6529. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07785
  • Kaplan, G., Avdan, Z. Y., & Avdan, U. (2019). Spaceborne nitrogen dioxide observations from the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI over Turkey. In International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing, 18(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECRS-3-06181
  • Li, G., Zavala, M., Lei W., Tsimpidi, A., Karydis, V., Pandis, S. N., Canagaratna, M. & Molina, L. (2011). Simulations of organic aerosol concentrations in Mexico City using the WRF-CHEM model during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO campaign. Atmos Chem Phys., 11(8), 3789–3809. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3789-2011
  • Muhammad, S., Long, X., & Salman, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and environmental pollution: A blessing in disguise? Science of the total environment, 728, 138820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138820
  • Scheffe R. D., Strum M., Phillips S. B., Thurman J., Eyth A., Fudge S., Morris M. & Palma T. (2016). Cook, R. Hybrid Modeling Approach to Estimate Exposures of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) for the National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA). Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 12356–12364. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04752
  • Tesfaye, S., Hamba, N., Gerbi, A. & Neger, Z. (2020). Oxidative Stress and Carcinogenic Effect of Formaldehyde Exposure: Systematic Review & Analysis. Endocrinol. Metab. Syndr. 9(6), 319-330.
  • Theys, N., Hedelt, P., Smedt, I., Lerot, C., Yu, H., Vlietinck, J., Pedergnana, M., Arellano, S., Galle, B., Fernandez, D., Carlito, C. J. M., Barrington, C., Taisne, B., Delgado-Granados, H., Loyola, D., Roozendael, V. M. (2019). Global monitoring of the volcanic SO2 degassing process with unprecedented resolution from TROPOMI on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor ship Science. Representative, 9, 2643.
  • Varma, D. R., Mulay, S. & Chemtob, S. (2009). Carbon monoxide: from public health risk to painless killer. In Handbook of toxicology of chemical warfare agents. Academic Press, 271-292.
  • Vîrghileanu, M., Săvulescu, I., Mihai, B. A., Nistor, C., & Dobre, R. (2020). Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Pollution monitoring with Sentinel-5P satellite imagery over Europe during the coronavirus pandemic outbreak. Remote Sensing, 12(21), 3575. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213575
  • Vreman, H. J., Wong, R. J. & Stevenson, D. K. (2000). Carbon monoxide in breath, blood, and other tissues. Carbon monoxide toxicity, 1, 19-60.
  • Ward, P. L. (2009). Sulfur dioxide initiates global climate change in four ways. Thin solid films, 517(11), 3188-3203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.01.005
  • Zheng, Z., Yang, Z., Wu, Z., & Marinello, F. (2019). Spatial variation of NO2 and its impact factors in China: An application of sentinel-5P products. Remote Sensing, 11(16), 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11161939
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nehir Uyar 0000-0003-3358-3145

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date May 15, 2024
Acceptance Date June 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Uyar, N. (2024). Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in Zonguldak Province by Remote Sensing. Türkiye Uzaktan Algılama Dergisi, 6(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1484324
AMA Uyar N. Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in Zonguldak Province by Remote Sensing. TUZAL. June 2024;6(1):57-67. doi:10.51489/tuzal.1484324
Chicago Uyar, Nehir. “Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in Zonguldak Province by Remote Sensing”. Türkiye Uzaktan Algılama Dergisi 6, no. 1 (June 2024): 57-67. https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1484324.
EndNote Uyar N (June 1, 2024) Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in Zonguldak Province by Remote Sensing. Türkiye Uzaktan Algılama Dergisi 6 1 57–67.
IEEE N. Uyar, “Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in Zonguldak Province by Remote Sensing”, TUZAL, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 57–67, 2024, doi: 10.51489/tuzal.1484324.
ISNAD Uyar, Nehir. “Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in Zonguldak Province by Remote Sensing”. Türkiye Uzaktan Algılama Dergisi 6/1 (June 2024), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1484324.
JAMA Uyar N. Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in Zonguldak Province by Remote Sensing. TUZAL. 2024;6:57–67.
MLA Uyar, Nehir. “Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in Zonguldak Province by Remote Sensing”. Türkiye Uzaktan Algılama Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2024, pp. 57-67, doi:10.51489/tuzal.1484324.
Vancouver Uyar N. Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in Zonguldak Province by Remote Sensing. TUZAL. 2024;6(1):57-6.