CHAOS AND COMPLEXITY IN A FOUR-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEM WITH HYPERBOLIC TANGENT NONLINEARITY AND NO EQUILIBRIUM

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 11, 2584 - 2598, 03.11.2025

Michael Kopp

Abstract

This paper introduces a new four-dimensional (4-D) dynamical system composed of only seven terms: four linear terms, one nonlinear term involving the hyperbolic tangent function, one absolute value function term, and a constant. The new 4-D system does not have any equilibrium points and is capable of producing hidden attractors. The paper includes a detailed dynamical analysis, which encompasses bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan-Yorke dimensions, and bias amplification. Additionally, the theoretical model is verified through an electronic simulation of the system using Multisim© 14.2. The paper also demonstrates the synchronization of two identical 4-D hyperchaotic systems using the active control method. The proposed simple dynamic system exhibits a rather complex chaotic behavior and may find applications in various practical domains.

Keywords

hyperchaotic behavior , offset boosting control , circuit implementation , active control synchronization

Thanks

I thank anonymous reviewer for valuable suggestions and comments.

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