Osmanlı-Rus Harplerini (1710-1829) Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine

Abstract

Bu çalışma 1710 ile 1829 yılları arasında meydana gelen Osmanlı-Rus Harplerini etkileyen temel faktörleri ele almaktadır. Genel olarak harp tarihinde gözlemlendiği üzere coğrafya her iki ordunun da harekatlarını etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden birisidir. Harekatların birbirinden farklı özellikler arz eden üç farklı sektörde, Kafkaslar, Karadeniz’in kuzey kesimi ve Balkanlar, gerçekleştirildiği savaşlarda hasım ordular öncelikle her biri farklı özelliklere sahip coğrafi mekanlarda hayatta kalmayı başarmak durumundaydı. İntikal rotalarına karar verilmesinde ve lojistik faaliyetlerin sağlıklı bir biçimde yürütülmesinde belirleyici olan coğrafyanın yanı sıra silah teknolojisi ve subayların bilgi, askerlerin eğitim düzeyi de muharebelerin sonuçları üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerdi. Emir-komuta birliği, sevk ve idare gibi doğrudan bir muharebenin sonucuna etki eden unsurlar da yine söz konusu muharebeler hakkında yapılacak değerlendirmelerde dikkate alınması gereken faktörler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İnsan gücüne ilaveten iki devletin sahip olduğu mali kaynaklar ve bunları kullanabilme kapasitesi ise orduların cephede kalma sürelerini belirlemekteydi. Avrupa diplomasisi ve bu çerçevede iki devletin kurdukları ittifaklar da muharebeleri etkileyen faktörler arasında önemli bir yere sahipti.

Keywords

• Osmanlı-Rus Harpleri
• Askeri Coğrafya
• Rus Ordusu
• Osmanlı Ordusu
• Avrupa Diplomasisi

On The Factors That Effected the Russo-Ottoman Wars (1710-1829) Summary

Abstract

This article searches for the factors which effeted the Russo-Ottoman wars between 1710-1829. As observed in military history, geography is one of the most important factors that effected the operations of both armies. In the wars which fought in three different sectors, Caucasus, Northern Black Sea region and Balkans, the belligerents were first be able to survive in these territories each of which have particular features. Besides geography that is decisive in mapping the marching routes and carrying out the logistic activities, technology of arms and level of knowledge and traning of the officer corps and soldiers influenced the wars. The factors such as unity of commanding and command and control procedures that effected directly on the result of the wars must also be taken into consideration in the assessments on these wars. In addition to manpower, financial resources of both states and their utilization determined the duration that the armies remain in the battlefront. Furthermore, the alliances of both states forming on the basis of the European diplomacy have a distinctive place in these factors.

Keywords

• Russo-Ottoman Wars
• Military Geography
• Russian Army
• Ottoman Army
• European Diplomacy

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