Review Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Paralimpik Sporcuların Spor Yaparken Karşılaştıkları Sorunlara İlişkin Görüşleri

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 189 - 202, 30.08.2021

Abstract

Bu çalışma paralimpik sporcuların spor yaparken karşılaştıkları sorunların belirlenmesi ve bu sorunların
çözümüne yönelik sporcuların görüşlerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma
yöntemlerinden yarı–yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grubu, Kartopu Örnekleme
yöntemi kullanılarak farklı branşlardan 12 paralimpik sporcudan oluşmuştur. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde
içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan paralimpik sporcular spor yaparken kişisel ve çevresel
sorunlarla karşı karşıya kaldıkları belirlenmiştir. Kişisel sorunlar; isteksizlik ve maddi yetersizlikler olarak
belirlenirken, çevresel sorunlar; ulaşım, spor tesisi, bilgilendirme eksikliği, spor ekipmanı ve işyerinden izin
alamama olarak belirlenmiştir. Katılımcılar spor yaparken karşılaştıkları bu engellerin çözümünü; kamu
kurumlarının maddi destek sağlaması, spor tesislerinin artırılması, yeni spor ekipman desteğinin verilmesi ve
spor ekipmanlarının bakımlarının yapılması, engelli bireyler hakkında toplumun bilgilendirilmesi ve sporcuların
işyerlerinden resmi izin alınması için yasal altyapının sağlanması olarak belirtilmiştir. Kamu ve özel kurumların
paralimpik sporcuları desteklemesi için politika yapıcılar tarafından gerekli yasal düzenlemelerin yapılmasının
faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Anatca Yılmaz, V. (2019). Paralimpik Alan’ın Sosyolojik Açıdan İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Isparta.
  • Argan, M., Gürbüz, B., Koçak, F. ve Atıcı, M. (2021). Engelli sporcuların objektifinden spor deneyimini görmek: engelleyici faktörlerin sosyo-ekolojik model perspektifinden analizi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 32(2), 75-97.
  • Ayan, S. ve Ergin, M. (2017). Özel gereksinimli bireylerin fiziksel aktivite programlarına katılımlarını engelleyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Turkish Studies, 12(25). 150-167.
  • Batu, S. (2000). Kaynaştırma, destek hizmetler ve kaynaştırmaya hazırlık etkinlikleri. Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 2(24), 35-45.
  • Berg, B. L. (1998). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Bragaru, M., Dekker, R., Geertzen, J. H. and Dijkstra, P. U. (2011). Amputees and sports. Sports Medicine, 41, 721-740.
  • Brittain, I. (2016). The paralympic games explained. Second Edition. Londra: Routledge. Buckworth, J. and Dishman, R. (2007). Exercise adherence. In G. Tenenbaum. and R. C. Eklund (Eds.) Handbook of Sport Psychology (pp. 509-536). Hoboken. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Çınarlı, S. ve Ersöz, G. (2010). Engellilere yönelik spor hizmetlerinin gelişimi açısından sponsorluk ve vergisel düzenlemelere ilişkin öneriler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(12), 141-156.
  • Crawford, J. L. and Stodolska, M. (2008). Constraints experienced by elite athletes with disabilities in Kenya, with implications for the development of a new hierarchical model of constraints at the societal level. Journal of Leisure Research, 40(1), 128-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2008.11950136
  • Dwyer J, Needham L, Simpson J. R. and Heeney E. S. (2008). Parents report intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental barriers to supporting healthy eating and physical activity among their preschoolers. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 33(2), 338-346. doi: 10.1139/H07-195
  • French, D. and Hainsworth, J. (2001). „There aren‟t any buses and the swimming pool is always cold!‟: Obstacles and opportunities in the provision of sport for disabled people. Managing Leisure, 6, 35–49. doi:10.1080/13606710010026359
  • Gold, J. R. and Gold, M. M. (2005). Cities of culture: Staging international festivals and the urban agenda, 1851–2000. United Kingdom: Aldershot, Ashgate Press.
  • Gold, J. R. and Gold, M. M. (2007). Access for all: the rise of the Paralympic Games. Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 127(3), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466424007077348
  • Gürbüz, B. and Henderson, K. A. (2014). Leisure activity preferences and constraints: Perspectives from Turkey. World Leisure Journal, 56(4), 300-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2014.958195
  • Gürkan, R. K. and Koçak, F. (2020). Perceived constraints and facilitators of participation in physical activity by individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Physical Activity Review, 8(1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2020.08.07
  • Heo, J., Lee, Y., Lundberg, N., McCormick, B. and Chun, S. (2008). Adapted sport as serious leisure: Do self-determination, skill level, and leisure constraints matter? Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 16, 31–38.
  • Jaarsma, E. A., Dekker, R., Koopmans, S. A., Dijkstra, P. U. and Geertzen, J. H. (2014a). Barriers to and facilitators of sports participation in people with visual 201impairments. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 31(3), 240-264.
  • Jaarsma, E. A., Dijkstra, P. U., Geertzen, J. H. B. and Dekker, R. (2014b). Barriers to and facilitators of sports participation for people with physical disabilities: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(6), 871–881. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12218.
  • Jaarsma, E. A., Geertzen, J. H., de Jong, R., Dijkstra, P. U. and Dekker, R. (2014). Barriers and facilitators of sports in Dutch Paralympic athletes: An explorative study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &Science in Sports, 24(5), 830-836.
  • Kalyon, T. A. (1997). Özürlülerde spor.Ankara: Bağırgan Yayımevi.
  • Kehn, M. and Kroll, T. (2009). Staying physically active after spinal cord injury: A qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to exercise participation. BMC Public Health, 9, 168. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-168
  • Konar, N. ve Pepe, K. (2003). Rehabilitasyon–Engelliler sporu ve paralimpikler. İ.Ü. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3)162-166.
  • Lauff, J. (2007). Developing Country Participation in International Disability Sport Competition: A Historical Perspective, Master thesis, Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo.
  • Madhushani, A. A. L. and Burnett, C. (2020). Let me win… but if I cannot win, let me be courageous in the attempt‟: challenges of Paralympic athletes in Sri Lanka. Olimpianos-Journal of Olympic Studies, 4, 113-121.
  • Mattinson, S., Falkmer, M., Black, M. H. and Girdler, S. (2018). Participation profiles and the barriers and facilitators that impact on participation of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders living in regional and remote Western Australia. Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 6, 170-182.
  • McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A. and Glanz K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15, 351-377. doi: 10.1177/109019818801500401
  • McLoughlin, G., Fecske, C. W., Castaneda, Y., Gwin, C. and Graber, K. (2017). Sport participation for elite athletes with physical disabilities: Motivations, barriers, and facilitators. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 34(4), 421-441.
  • Mojtahedi, M. C. and Katsui, H. (2018). Making the right real! A case study on the implementation of the right to sport for persons with disabilities in Ethiopia. Sport in Society, 21(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2016.1225898 Murphy, N. A. and Carbone, P. S. (2008). Promoting the participation of children with disabilities in sports, recreation, and physical activities. Pediatrics, 121(5), 1057-1061. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0566
  • Özdemir, M. ve İlkim, M. (2019). Engellilik ve paralimpik oyunları. M. İlkim ve Ö. Karataş (Eds.) Sporda Yeni Akademik Çalışmalar, Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi A.Ş.
  • Özkanan, A. ve Erdem, R. (2015). Yönetimde kayırmacı uygulamalar üzerine nitel bir çalışma. MAKÜ İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(4), 7-28.
  • Rimmer, J. H., Rubin, S. S. and Braddock, D. (2000). Barriers to exercise in African American women with physical disabilities. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 182-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90138-2
  • Shields, N., Synnot, A. J. and Barr, M. (2012). Perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity for children with disability: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 989-997. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090236
  • Smith, B. and Sparkes, A. C. (2012). Disability, sport and physical activity. A critical review. In N. Watson, A. Roulstone, and C. Thomas (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Disability Studies, London: Routledge
  • Stroud, N., Minahan, C. and Sabapathy, S. (2009). The perceived benefits and barriers to exercise participation in persons with multiple sclerosis. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31(26), 2216-2222. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638280902980928
  • Taliaferro, A. R. ve Hammond, L. (2016). “I don‟t have time”: Barriers and facilitators to physical activity for adults with intellectual disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 33, 113-133. https://doi.org/10.1123/APAQ.2015-0050
  • Tasiemski, T., Kennedy, P., Gardner, B. P. and Blaikley, R. A. (2004). Athletic identity and sports participation in people with spinal cord injury. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 21(4), 364-378. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.21.4.364
  • Wilson, N. C. and Khoo, S. (2013). Benefits and barriers to sports participation for athletes with disabilities: The case of Malaysia. Disability & Society, 28(8), 1132-1145. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2012.758034
  • World Health Organization (2013). World Health Assembly 66, Disability: report by the Secretariat. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/105691 67.
  • Wu, S. K. and Williams, T. (2001). Factors influencing sport participation among athletes with spinal cord injury. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33, 177–182. PubMed doi:10.1097/00005768-200102000-0D
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2003). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 189 - 202, 30.08.2021

Abstract

References

  • Anatca Yılmaz, V. (2019). Paralimpik Alan’ın Sosyolojik Açıdan İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Isparta.
  • Argan, M., Gürbüz, B., Koçak, F. ve Atıcı, M. (2021). Engelli sporcuların objektifinden spor deneyimini görmek: engelleyici faktörlerin sosyo-ekolojik model perspektifinden analizi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 32(2), 75-97.
  • Ayan, S. ve Ergin, M. (2017). Özel gereksinimli bireylerin fiziksel aktivite programlarına katılımlarını engelleyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Turkish Studies, 12(25). 150-167.
  • Batu, S. (2000). Kaynaştırma, destek hizmetler ve kaynaştırmaya hazırlık etkinlikleri. Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 2(24), 35-45.
  • Berg, B. L. (1998). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Bragaru, M., Dekker, R., Geertzen, J. H. and Dijkstra, P. U. (2011). Amputees and sports. Sports Medicine, 41, 721-740.
  • Brittain, I. (2016). The paralympic games explained. Second Edition. Londra: Routledge. Buckworth, J. and Dishman, R. (2007). Exercise adherence. In G. Tenenbaum. and R. C. Eklund (Eds.) Handbook of Sport Psychology (pp. 509-536). Hoboken. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Çınarlı, S. ve Ersöz, G. (2010). Engellilere yönelik spor hizmetlerinin gelişimi açısından sponsorluk ve vergisel düzenlemelere ilişkin öneriler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(12), 141-156.
  • Crawford, J. L. and Stodolska, M. (2008). Constraints experienced by elite athletes with disabilities in Kenya, with implications for the development of a new hierarchical model of constraints at the societal level. Journal of Leisure Research, 40(1), 128-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2008.11950136
  • Dwyer J, Needham L, Simpson J. R. and Heeney E. S. (2008). Parents report intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental barriers to supporting healthy eating and physical activity among their preschoolers. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 33(2), 338-346. doi: 10.1139/H07-195
  • French, D. and Hainsworth, J. (2001). „There aren‟t any buses and the swimming pool is always cold!‟: Obstacles and opportunities in the provision of sport for disabled people. Managing Leisure, 6, 35–49. doi:10.1080/13606710010026359
  • Gold, J. R. and Gold, M. M. (2005). Cities of culture: Staging international festivals and the urban agenda, 1851–2000. United Kingdom: Aldershot, Ashgate Press.
  • Gold, J. R. and Gold, M. M. (2007). Access for all: the rise of the Paralympic Games. Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 127(3), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466424007077348
  • Gürbüz, B. and Henderson, K. A. (2014). Leisure activity preferences and constraints: Perspectives from Turkey. World Leisure Journal, 56(4), 300-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2014.958195
  • Gürkan, R. K. and Koçak, F. (2020). Perceived constraints and facilitators of participation in physical activity by individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Physical Activity Review, 8(1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2020.08.07
  • Heo, J., Lee, Y., Lundberg, N., McCormick, B. and Chun, S. (2008). Adapted sport as serious leisure: Do self-determination, skill level, and leisure constraints matter? Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 16, 31–38.
  • Jaarsma, E. A., Dekker, R., Koopmans, S. A., Dijkstra, P. U. and Geertzen, J. H. (2014a). Barriers to and facilitators of sports participation in people with visual 201impairments. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 31(3), 240-264.
  • Jaarsma, E. A., Dijkstra, P. U., Geertzen, J. H. B. and Dekker, R. (2014b). Barriers to and facilitators of sports participation for people with physical disabilities: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(6), 871–881. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12218.
  • Jaarsma, E. A., Geertzen, J. H., de Jong, R., Dijkstra, P. U. and Dekker, R. (2014). Barriers and facilitators of sports in Dutch Paralympic athletes: An explorative study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &Science in Sports, 24(5), 830-836.
  • Kalyon, T. A. (1997). Özürlülerde spor.Ankara: Bağırgan Yayımevi.
  • Kehn, M. and Kroll, T. (2009). Staying physically active after spinal cord injury: A qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to exercise participation. BMC Public Health, 9, 168. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-168
  • Konar, N. ve Pepe, K. (2003). Rehabilitasyon–Engelliler sporu ve paralimpikler. İ.Ü. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3)162-166.
  • Lauff, J. (2007). Developing Country Participation in International Disability Sport Competition: A Historical Perspective, Master thesis, Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo.
  • Madhushani, A. A. L. and Burnett, C. (2020). Let me win… but if I cannot win, let me be courageous in the attempt‟: challenges of Paralympic athletes in Sri Lanka. Olimpianos-Journal of Olympic Studies, 4, 113-121.
  • Mattinson, S., Falkmer, M., Black, M. H. and Girdler, S. (2018). Participation profiles and the barriers and facilitators that impact on participation of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders living in regional and remote Western Australia. Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 6, 170-182.
  • McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A. and Glanz K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15, 351-377. doi: 10.1177/109019818801500401
  • McLoughlin, G., Fecske, C. W., Castaneda, Y., Gwin, C. and Graber, K. (2017). Sport participation for elite athletes with physical disabilities: Motivations, barriers, and facilitators. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 34(4), 421-441.
  • Mojtahedi, M. C. and Katsui, H. (2018). Making the right real! A case study on the implementation of the right to sport for persons with disabilities in Ethiopia. Sport in Society, 21(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2016.1225898 Murphy, N. A. and Carbone, P. S. (2008). Promoting the participation of children with disabilities in sports, recreation, and physical activities. Pediatrics, 121(5), 1057-1061. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0566
  • Özdemir, M. ve İlkim, M. (2019). Engellilik ve paralimpik oyunları. M. İlkim ve Ö. Karataş (Eds.) Sporda Yeni Akademik Çalışmalar, Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi A.Ş.
  • Özkanan, A. ve Erdem, R. (2015). Yönetimde kayırmacı uygulamalar üzerine nitel bir çalışma. MAKÜ İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(4), 7-28.
  • Rimmer, J. H., Rubin, S. S. and Braddock, D. (2000). Barriers to exercise in African American women with physical disabilities. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 182-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90138-2
  • Shields, N., Synnot, A. J. and Barr, M. (2012). Perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity for children with disability: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 989-997. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090236
  • Smith, B. and Sparkes, A. C. (2012). Disability, sport and physical activity. A critical review. In N. Watson, A. Roulstone, and C. Thomas (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Disability Studies, London: Routledge
  • Stroud, N., Minahan, C. and Sabapathy, S. (2009). The perceived benefits and barriers to exercise participation in persons with multiple sclerosis. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31(26), 2216-2222. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638280902980928
  • Taliaferro, A. R. ve Hammond, L. (2016). “I don‟t have time”: Barriers and facilitators to physical activity for adults with intellectual disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 33, 113-133. https://doi.org/10.1123/APAQ.2015-0050
  • Tasiemski, T., Kennedy, P., Gardner, B. P. and Blaikley, R. A. (2004). Athletic identity and sports participation in people with spinal cord injury. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 21(4), 364-378. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.21.4.364
  • Wilson, N. C. and Khoo, S. (2013). Benefits and barriers to sports participation for athletes with disabilities: The case of Malaysia. Disability & Society, 28(8), 1132-1145. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2012.758034
  • World Health Organization (2013). World Health Assembly 66, Disability: report by the Secretariat. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/105691 67.
  • Wu, S. K. and Williams, T. (2001). Factors influencing sport participation among athletes with spinal cord injury. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33, 177–182. PubMed doi:10.1097/00005768-200102000-0D
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2003). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Physical Training, Sports and Physical Activity For Disabled
Journal Section 2021 Cilt: 2 Sayı : 2
Authors

Murat Ergin This is me

Publication Date August 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ergin, M. (2021). Paralimpik Sporcuların Spor Yaparken Karşılaştıkları Sorunlara İlişkin Görüşleri. Uluslararası Bozok Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 189-202.