Brexit Sonrası Kuzey İrlanda ve AB İlişkilerinde Güvenliğin Dönüşümü: Canlanan Tarihsel Sorunlar

Öz

Uzun bir tarihsel geçmişe sahip olan Kuzey İrlanda (Kİ) sorunu, Birleşik Krallık’ın Avrupa Birliği’nden (AB) ayrılmasıyla tekrar gündeme gelmiştir. Eski Başbakan David Cameron tarafından başlatılan Brexit (İngiliz çekilmesi), Haziran 2016 referandumuyla kesinleşmiş ve Şubat 2020’de tamamlanmıştır. AB üyeliğinin Kİ ve İrlanda Cumhuriyeti’ni entegrasyon yoluyla bütünleştiren yapısı ortadan kalkmıştır. Kuzey İrlanda’da kırk yılı aşkın mezhep çatışmalarına son veren 1998 Belfast Antlaşması ise, Brexit’le tehlikeye girmiştir. Bu çalışmada Brexit’in Kuzey İrlanda’da ortaya çıkardığı tarihsel sorunlar ve güvenlikleştirilen alanlar analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmada Brexit kararının, Kİ eyaletlerinin ve sınır bölgelerinin istikrarına ve yenilenmesine katkıda bulunan toplumsal, ekonomik ve siyasi dengelerin sürdürülebilirliğine ilişkin güvenlik problemleri yarattığı savunulmaktadır. Keza güvenlikleştirilmiş sınırın, Kİ toplumu adına olumsuz deneyimleri ve gerilimleri çağrıştırdığı belirtilmektedir. Dolayısıyla çalışmada, Kİ sorununun tarihsel arka planı ve Brexit sonrası sürecin doğurduğu yeni koşullar dikkate alınarak, iki İrlanda’nın birleşme olasılığı ile Birleşik Krallık’ın ve AB’nin geleceğine etki eden dinamikler, güvenlikleştirme bağlamında analiz edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Brexit
• Birleşik Krallık
• Kuzey İrlanda Sorunu
• AB
• Güvenlikleştirme

Transformation of Security in Northern Ireland and The EU Relations After Brexit: Revived Historical Problems

Abstract

The issue of Northern Ireland (NI), which has a long history, has come to the fore again with the departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union (EU). The Brexit (British withdrawal), initiated by former Prime Minister David Cameron, was finalized with the June 2016 referendum and completed in February 2020. The structure of EU membership that integrates NI and the Republic of Ireland through integration has disappeared. The 1998 Belfast Agreement, which ended more than forty years of sectarian conflict in NI, was endangered by Brexit. In the study, it’s argued that the Brexit decision creates security problems related to the sustainability of social, economic, and political balances that contribute to the stability and renewal of NI states and border regions. In the study, considering the historical background of the NI problem and the new conditions created by the post-Brexit process, the possibility of the two Ireland's unification and the dynamics affecting the future of the United Kingdom and the EU are analyzed in the context of securitization.

Keywords

• Brexit
• United Kingdom
• Northern Ireland Issue
• EU
• Securitization

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