Research Article

"American” as Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power

Volume: 2 Number: 4 July 11, 2026
EN TR

"American” as Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power

Abstract

Over the past century and a half, and with particular acceleration in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, universities outside the United States have adopted “American,” “United States,” or closely related American identity markers in their institutional names. This article examines that phenomenon not simply as branding, commerce, mimicry or soft power, but as a project in intercultural brokerage. The central argument is that the “American” university abroad occupies a mediating space between American academic culture and local or regional educational, political, economic and social needs. At its strongest, the model translates liberal education, student-centered pedagogy, English medium instruction, institutional autonomy, professional preparation and accreditation culture into local contexts without simply reproducing the United States abroad. At its weakest, it reduces “American” to a marketable sign of prestige, mobility or modernity. The article proposes a five-part typology of Americanness in global higher education: legacy/institutional Americanness, nation building Americanness, operating-system Americanness, market Americanness and nominal-symbolic American ness. It also distinguishes country-branded American universities from branch campuses, joint universities, microcampuses and licensure-pipeline institutions. The article concludes that the “American” label is best understood as a polyvalent intercultural signifier: its meaning is produced through the relationship between institutional practice, local aspiration, global mobility, quality assurance and the changing symbolic position of the United States in world affairs.

Keywords

References

  1. American University of Cyprus. (n.d.). General information. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://auc.edu.tr/en/corporate/general-information.
  2. Bennett, M. J. (1986). A developmental approach to training for intercultural sensitivity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10(2), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(86)90005-2

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Environmental Education and Extension, Media and Communication Law

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Kenneth Ayouby *
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti

Publication Date

July 11, 2026

Submission Date

March 8, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 26, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 2 Number: 4

APA
Ayouby, K. (2026). "American” as Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power. UFÜ Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 2(4), 86-106. https://doi.org/10.29329/ufusobed.2026.1465.5
AMA
1.Ayouby K. "American” as Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power. JOSSH. 2026;2(4):86-106. doi:10.29329/ufusobed.2026.1465.5
Chicago
Ayouby, Kenneth. 2026. “"American” As Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power”. UFÜ Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 2 (4): 86-106. https://doi.org/10.29329/ufusobed.2026.1465.5.
EndNote
Ayouby K (July 1, 2026) "American” as Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power. UFÜ Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 2 4 86–106.
IEEE
[1]K. Ayouby, “"American” as Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power”, JOSSH, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 86–106, July 2026, doi: 10.29329/ufusobed.2026.1465.5.
ISNAD
Ayouby, Kenneth. “"American” As Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power”. UFÜ Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 2/4 (July 1, 2026): 86-106. https://doi.org/10.29329/ufusobed.2026.1465.5.
JAMA
1.Ayouby K. "American” as Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power. JOSSH. 2026;2:86–106.
MLA
Ayouby, Kenneth. “"American” As Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power”. UFÜ Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 4, July 2026, pp. 86-106, doi:10.29329/ufusobed.2026.1465.5.
Vancouver
1.Kenneth Ayouby. "American” as Intercultural Brokerage: A Typology of Country-Branded Higher Education, Local Adaptation and Soft Power. JOSSH. 2026 Jul. 1;2(4):86-106. doi:10.29329/ufusobed.2026.1465.5