Uluslararası İlişkilerde “Küçük Devletler”: Gelişimi, Tanımı, Dış Politika ve İttifak Davranışları

Year 2017, , 3 - 22, 01.03.2017

Özlem Tür , Nuri Salık

https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513054

Cited By: 9

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı, Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini içinde ele alınan küçük devlet kavramını incelemek, tanımlamadaki çelişkileri ve farklılıkları ortaya koymak ve küçük devletlerin dış politika ve ittifak davranışları üzerine oluşan literatürü tartışmaktır. Makalede, küçük devletlerin tanımı hususunda üzerinde anlaşılan tek bir yaklaşımın olmadığı, bu devletlerin dış politika davranışları ve ittifak arayışlarını ele alan çalışmalarda da yaklaşım çeşitliliği olduğu vurgulanacaktır. Makale, bu çeşitliliğin küçük devletler kategorisinin ne derece anlamlı olduğunu sorgulamamıza neden olduğunu irdelerken, diğer taraftan bu durumun disiplindeki genel gelişmeleri ve kuramsal tartışmaları yansıttığını göstermeye çalışacaktır. Gerek tanımdaki farklılıkların gerekse dış politika ve ittifak davranışlarındaki çeşitliliğin, küçük devletler kategorisinin Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininin çatışan kuramlarından yararlanan araştırmacılar tarafından farklı perspektiflerden ele alınmasına yol açtığının altı çizilecektir. 

Keywords

Küçük Devletler, Dış Politika, İttifak, Uluslararası İlişkiler

“Small States” in International Relations: Development, Definition, Foreign Policy and Alliance Behavior

Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyze the concept of small states in the discipline of International Relations to show differences and contradictions in the definition and to discuss the literature on foreign policy and alliance behavior of small states. The article emphasizes that there has not been a single approach to the definition of small states and there is diversity in the studies dealing with foreign policy and alliance behavior of these states. While the article enables us to question to what extent this diversity makes the category of small states meaningful, on the other hand, it tries to show that this situation reflects the developments and theoretical discussions in the discipline. Differences in defining small states and diversity of foreign policy and alliance behavior lead scholars, who benefit from contending theories of International Relations, to deal with the category of small states from different perspectives. 

Keywords

Small States, Foreign Policy, Alliance, International Relations

References

• Açar, Dilaver Arıkan. Small State Playing the Asymmetric Game: Continuity and Change in Albanian Foreign Policy, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2008.
• Amstrup, Niels. “The Perennial Problem of Small States: A Survey of Research Efforts”, Cooperation and Conflict, Cilt 11, No.4, 1976, s.163-182.
• Barnett, Michael N. ve Jack S. Levy. “Domestic Sources of Alliances and Alignments: The Case of Egypt, 1962-73”, International Organization, Cilt 45, No.3, 1991, s.369-395.
• Barston, Roland P. “The External Relations of Small States”, August Schou ve Arne Olav Brundtland (der.), Small States in International Relations, Stockholm, Almqvist&Wiksell, 1971, s.39-56.
• Bauwens, Werner et. al. (der.). Small States and the Security Challenge in the New Europe, Londra, Brassey’s, 1996.
• Bjøl, Erling. “The Small State in International Politics”, August Schou ve Arne Olav Brundtland (der.), Small States in International Relations, Stockholm, Almqvist&Wiksell, 1971, s.29-37.
• Browning, Christopher S. “Small, Smart and Salient? Rethinking Identity in the Small States Literature”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Cilt 19, No.4, 2006, s.669-684.
• Crowards, Tom. “Defining the Category of Small States”, Journal of International Development, Cilt 14, No.2, 2002, s.143-179.
• David, Steven R. “Explaining Third World Alignment”, World Politics, Cilt 43, No.2, 1991, s.233-256.
• Doeser, Fredrik. “Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy Change in Small States: The Fall of Danish Footnote Policy”, Cooperation and Conflict, Cilt 46, No.2, 2011, s.222-241.
• East, Maurice A. “Size and Foreign Policy Behaviour: A Test of Two Models”, World Politics, Cilt 25, No.4, 1973, s.556-576.
• Elman, Miriam Fendius. “The Foreign Policies of Small States: Challenging Neorealism in Its Own Backyard”, British Journal of Political Science, Cilt 25, No.2, 1995, s.171-217.
• Fox, Annette Baker. The Power of Small States: Diplomacy in World War II, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1959.
• Fox, Annette Baker. “The Small States in International System, 1919-1969”, International Journal, Cilt 24, No.4, 1969, s.751-764.
• Goetschel, Laurent (der.). Small States Inside and Outside the European Union: Interests and Policies, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
• Goetschel, Laurent. “The Foreign and Security Policy Interests of Small States in Today’s Europe”, Laurent Goetschel (der.), Small States Inside and Outside the European Union: Interests and Policies, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998, s.13-31.
• Goetschel, Laurent. Small States and the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the EU: A Comparative Analysis, Bern, Institut für Politikwissenschaft, 2000, NFP 42 Working Papers, Paper 14, s.1-122.
• Gvalia, Giorgi, et. al. “Thinking Outside the Bloc: Explaining the Foreign Policies of Small States”, Security Studies, Cilt 22, No.1, 2013, s.98-131.
• Handel, Michael. Weak States in the International System, Londra, Frank Cass, 1990.
• Handel, Michael. “Weak States in the International System”, Christine Ingebritsen et. al. (der.), Small States in International Relations, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 2006, s.149-192.
• Hey, Jeanne A. K. “Introducing Small State Foreign Policy”, Jeanne A. K Hey (der.), Small States in World Politics: Explaining Foreign Policy Behavior, Boulder, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003, s.1-11.
• Hey, Jeanne A. K. “Refining Our Understanding of Small State Foreign Policy”, Jeanne A. K Hey (der.), Small States in World Politics: Explaining Foreign Policy Behavior, Boulder, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003, s.185-195.
• Höll, Otmar (der.). Small States in Europe and Dependence, Viyana, Wilhelm Brumüller, 1983.
• Inbar, Efraim ve Gabriel Sheffer. The National Security of Small States in Changing World, Londra, Frank Cass, 1997.
• Ingebritsen, Christine. “Norm Entrepreneurs: Scandinavia’s Role in World Politics”, Cooperation and Conflict, Cilt 37, No.1, 2002, s.11-23.
• Katzenstein, Peter J. Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1985.
• Keohane, Robert O. “Lilliputians’ Dilemmas: Small States in International Politics”, Christine Ingebritsen et.al. (der.), Small States in International Relations, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 2006, s.55-76.
• Keohane, Robert O. “Lilliputians’ Dilemmas: Small States in International Politics”, International Organization, Cilt 23, No.2, 1969, s.291-310.
• Keohane, Robert O. “The Big Influence of Small Allies”, Foreign Policy, Cilt 1, No.2, 1971, s.161-182.
• Knudsen, Olav F. “Small States, Latent and Extant: Towards a General Perspective”, Journal of International Relations and Development, Cilt 5, No.2, 2002, s.182-198.
• Kotchikian, Asbed. The Dialectics of Small States, Foreign Policy Making in Armenia and Georgia, Saarbrücken, VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.
• Krasner, Stephen D. “Transforming International Regimes: What the Third World Wants and Why”, International Studies Quarterly, Cilt 25, No.1, 1981, s.119-148.
• Labs, Eric J. “Do Weak States Bandwagon?”, Security Studies, Cilt 1, No.3, 1992, s.383-416.
• Liska, George. Alliances and the Third World, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968.
• Mathisen, Trygve. The Functions of Small States in the Strategies of the Great Powers, Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 1971.
• McCraw, David J. “New Zealand’s Foreign Policy under National and Labour Governments: Variations on the “Small State” Theme?”, Pacific Affairs, Cilt 64, No.1, 1994, s.7-25.
• Mouritzen, Hans. “Tension between the Strong, and the Strategies of the Weak”, Journal of Peace Research, Cilt 28, No.4, 1991, s.217-230.
• Neumann, Iver B. ve Sieglinde Gstöhl. “Introduction: Lilliputians in Gulliver’s World”, Christine Ingebritsen et.al. (der.), Small States in International Relations, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 2006, s.3-36.
• Ólaffson, Björn G. Small States in the Global System: Analysis and Illustrations from the Case of Iceland, Aldershot, Ashgate, 1998.
• Ott, Dana. Small is Democratic: An Examination of State Size and Democratic Development, New York, Garland Publishing, 2000.
• Payne, Anthony. “Small States in the Global Politics of Development”, The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, Cilt 93, No.3, 2004, s.623-635.
• Reiter, Dan. “Learning, Realism, and Alliances: The Weight of the Shadow of the Past”, World Politics, Cilt 46, No.4, 1994, s.490-526.
• Reiter, Erich ve Heinz Gärtner (der.). Small States and Alliances, Heidelberg, New York, Physica-Verlag, 2001.
• Rothstein, Robert L. Alliances and Small Powers, New York, Columbia University Press, 1968.
• Rothstein, Robert L. “Alignment, Nonalignment, and Small Powers: 1945-1965”, International Organization, Cilt 20, No.3, 1966, s.397-418.
• Schweller, Randall L. “Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In”, International Security, Cilt 19, No.1, 1994, s.72-107.
• Shaffer, Brenda. “Foreign Policies of the States of the Caucasus: Evolution in the Post-Soviet Period”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 7, No.26, 2010, s.51-65.
• Singer, Marshall R. Weak States in a World of Powers: The Dynamics of International Relationships, New York, The Free Press, 1972.
• Small States. http://secretariat.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/180407/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Ağustos 2015).
• Steinmetz, Robert ve Anders Wivel. “Introduction”, Robert Steinmetz ve Anders Wivel (der.), Small States in Europe: Challenges and Opportunities, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2010, s.3-14.
• Värynen, Raimo. “On the Definition and Measurement of Small Power Status”, Cooperation and Conflict, Cilt 6, No.2, 1971, s.91-102.
• Vellut, Jean-Luc. “Smaller States and the Problem of War and Peace: Some Consequences of the Emergence of Smaller States in Africa”, Journal of Peace Research, Cilt 4, No.3, 1967, s.252-269.
• Vital, David. The Inequality of States: A Study of Small Power in International Relations, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1967.
• Vital, David. “The Inequality of States: A Study of the Small Power in International Relations”, Christine Ingebritsen et.al. (der.), Small States in International Relations, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 2006, s.77-88.
• Vital, David. The Survival of Small States: Studies in Small Power/Great Power Conflict, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1971.
• Walt, Stephen. The Origins of Alliances, Ithaca ve Londra, Cornell University Press, 1987.
• Waltz, Kenneth. Theory of International Politics, Reading, Massachusetts, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1979.
• Wivel, Anders. “The Security Challenge of Small EU Member States: Interests, Identity and the Development of the EU as a Security Actor”, Journal of Common Market Studies, Cilt 43, No.2, 2005, s.393-412.