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An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Environmental Taxes, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth on Environmental Quality: Evidence from Twelve Selected Countries

Year 2023, , 98 - 108, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1307369

Abstract

Environmental pollution (EP) and global warming (GW), which emerged with industrialization, have become an increasing global problem in recent years. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) resulting from EP forced countries to introduce carbon tax (CT). This study aims to examine the effect of environmental taxes (ETs), renewable energy consumption (REC), and economic growth (EG) on environmental quality (EQ) in 12 countries with the highest carbon emissions (CEs) over the period 1998-2019. The long-term AMG estimation results showed that ETs and REC reduced EP while EG deteriorates EQ in the countries included in the analysis. Nonetheless, Dumitrescu and Hurlin's (D-H) causality test results indicated that a bilateral causality existed between REC and EG and CEs, whereas a unilateral causality existed from ETs to CEs. Therefore, it is important to implement more effective policies to increase ETs and REC in terms of a sustainable environment in the relevant countries.

References

  • Abrell, J., & Rausch, S. (2017). Combining price and quantity controls under partitioned environmental regulation. Journal of Public Economics, 145, 226-242.
  • Allan, G., Lecca, P., McGregor, P., & Swales, K. (2014). The economic and environmental impact of a carbon tax for Scotland: A computable general equilibrium analysis. Ecological Economics, 100, 40-50.
  • Alper, A. E. (2017). Analysis of carbon tax on selected European countries: Does carbon tax reduce emissions? Applied Economics and Finance, 5(1), 29-36.
  • Altay Topcu, B. (2022). Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir çevre: finansal gelişme, yenilenebilir ve yenilenemeyen enerji tüketimi ve doğal kaynak gelirlerinin rolü. Journal of Academic Social Sciences,129, 43-60.
  • Altay Topcu, B. (2022). Yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve enerji ithalatının cari açık üzerindeki etkisi: enerji ithalatında lider ülkeler örneği. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 14(26), 1-15.
  • Altay Topcu, B., & Dogan, M. (2022). The effect of solar energy production on financial development and economic growth: Evidence from 11 selected countries. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 17(1), 2141377.
  • Aydın, M. (2020). Seçilmiş OECD ülkelerinde çevre vergilerinin çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkileri: Yapısal kırılmalı nedensellik testinden kanıtlar. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 28, 137-154.
  • Baek, J. (2015). Environmental kuznets curve for CO2 Emissions: The case of arctic countries. Energy Economics. 50, 13-17.
  • Bayar, Y., & Şaşmaz, M. Ü. (2016). Karbon vergisi, ekonomik büyüme ve CO2 emisyonu arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: Danimarka, Finlandiya, Hollanda, İsveç ve Norveç örneği. International Journal of Applied Economic and Finance Studies, 1(1), 32-41.
  • Blomquist, J., & Westerlund, J. (2013). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels with serial correlation. Economics Letters, 121(3), 374-378.
  • Bond, S., & Eberhardt, M. (2013). Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity in panel time series models. Nuff. Coll. Univ., Oxford, mimeo.
  • Breusch, T.S., & Pagan, A.R. (1980). The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Cetin, M., Aslan, A., & Sarıgul, S.S. (2022). Analysis of the dynamics of environmental degradation for 18 upper middleincome countries: The role of financial development. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 1-18.
  • Cetin, M., Ecevit, E., & Yucel, A. G. (2018). Structural breaks, urbanization and CO2 emissions: evidence from Turkey. Journal of Applied Economics & Business Research, 8(2), 122-139.
  • Cetin, M., Saygın, S., & Demir, H. (2020). Tarım sektörünün çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkisi: türkiye ekonomisi için bir eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik analizi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi , 17(3) , 329-345.
  • Costello, K. W. (2019). Essay on climate apocalypse and a carbon tax. The Electricity Journal, 32(10).
  • Damirova, S., & Yayla, N. (2021). Çevre kirliliği ile makroekonomik belirleyicileri arasındaki ilişki: seçilmiş ülkeler için bir panel veri analizi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 30, 107-126.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Eberhardt, M., & Bond, S. (2009). Cross-section dependence in non-stationary panel models: A novel estimator. MPRA Paper, 17692, 1-26.
  • Ertugrul, H. M., Cetin, M., Seker, F., & Dogan, E. (2016). The impact of trade openness on global carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from the top ten emitters among developing countries. Ecological Indicators, 67, 543-555.
  • Hajek, M., Zimmermannova, J., Helman, K., & Rozenski, L. (2019). Analysis of carbon tax efficiency in energy industries of selected EU countries. Energy Policy, 134, 1-11.
  • He, P., Ning, J., Yu, Z., Xiong, H., Shen, H., & Jin, H. (2019). Can environmental tax policy really help to reduce pollutant emissions? An empirical study of a panel ARDL model based on OECD countries and China. Sustainability, 11(16), 4384.
  • Hotunluoğlu, H., & Tekeli, R. (2007). Karbon vergisinin ekonomik analizi ve etkileri: karbon vergisinin emisyon azaltıcı etkisi var mı?. Sosyoekonomi, 6(6),107-126.
  • Kesbic, C., & Simsek, D. (2020). Çevresel riskleri azaltmada çevre vergilerinin etkisi: Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye örneği. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21(46), 20-39.
  • Kevser, M., Tekbas, M., Dogan, M., & Koyluoglu, S. (2022). Nexus among biomass energy consumption, economic growth, and financial development: Evidence from selected 15 countries. Energy Reports, 8, 8372-8380.
  • Lee, J. W., & Brahmasrene, T. (2013). Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from panel analysis of the European Union. Tourism Management, 38, 69-76.
  • Liang, Q.-M., Fan, Y., & Wei, Y.-M. (2007). Carbon taxation policy in China: How to protect energy trade intensive sectors?, Journal of Policy Modeling, 29(2), 311-333.
  • Lin, B., & Li, X. (2011). The effect of carbon tax on per capita CO2 emissions. Energy Policy, 39(9), 5137-5146.
  • Liu, X., Leung, Y., Xu, Y., & Yung, L. (2017). The effect of carbon tax on carbon emission abatement and GDP: A case study. Journal of Geographical Systems, 19, 399-414.
  • Meireles, M., Robaina, M., & Magueta, D. (2021). The effectiveness of environmental taxes in reducing CO2 emissions in passenger vehicles: The case of Mediterranean countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5442.
  • Miller, S., & Vela, M. (2013). Are Environmentally Related Taxes Effective?. IDB Working Paper, No. 467.
  • Morley, B. (2012). Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of environmental taxes. Applied Economics Letters, 19(18), 1817-1820.
  • Muhammad, S., & Long, X. (2021). Rule of law and CO2 emissions: A comparative analysis across 65 belt and road initiative (BRI) countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123539.
  • Nordhaus, W. D. (2006). After Kyoto: Alternative mechanisms to control global warming. American Economic Review, 96(2), 31-34.
  • O´Ryan, R., Nasirov, S., & Osorio, H. (2023). Assessment of the potential impacts of a carbon tax in Chile using dynamic CGE model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 403, 136694.
  • Organ, İ., & Çiftçi, T.E. (2013). Karbon vergisi, Niğde Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(1), 81-95.
  • Ozbek, S. (2023). Sürdürülebilir çevre: çevre teknolojileri ve vergileri kapsamında ekonometrik bir inceleme. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Prof. Dr. Muammer ERDOĞAN Anısına Kongre Özel Sayısı , 63-91.
  • Ozkaya, M. H. (2022). Ekonomik büyüme ve çevre vergi gelirlerinin karbon dioksit emisyonu üzerindeki etkisi: AB ülkeleri örneği. International Journal of Applied Economic and Finance Studies, 7(1), 128-139.
  • Ozturk, S., Cetin, M., & Demir, H. (2022). Income inequality and CO2 emissions: Nonlinear evidence from Turkey. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(10), 11911–11928.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pizer, W. (2002). Combining price and quantity controls to mitigate global climate change. Journal of Public Economics, 85(3), 409-434.
  • Purcel, A. A. (2019). Does political stability hinder pollution? Evidence from developing states. Economic Research Guardian, 9(2), 75-98.
  • Rafique, M. Z., Fareed, Z., Ferraz, D., Ikram, M., & Huang, S. (2022). Exploring the heterogenous impacts of environmental taxes on environmental footprints: an empirical assessment from developed economies. Energy, 238, 121753.
  • Saqib, N., Radulescu, M., Usman, M., Balsalobre-Lorente, D., & Cilan, T. (2023). Environmental technology, economic complexity, renewable electricity, environmental taxes and CO2 emissions: Implications for low-carbon future in G-10 bloc. Heliyon, 9(6), e16457.
  • Seker, F., & Cetin, M. (2015). Düşük karbonlu yeşil büyüme ve karbondioksit salınımının temel belirleyicileri: Türkiye uygulaması. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(8), 22-41.
  • Shahbaz, M., Dogan, M., Akkus, H. T., & Gursoy, S. (2023). The effect of financial development and economic growth on ecological footprint: evidence from top 10 emitter countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-16.
  • Sumerli Sarıgül, S., & Altay Topcu, B. (2021). The impact of environmental taxes on carbon dioxide emissions in Turkey. International Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 3 (1), 43-54.
  • Tasdemir, Y., & Türgay, T. (2021). Gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğinin azaltılmasında çevre vergilerinin rolü: OECD ülkeleri çerçevesinde ampirik bir çalışma. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(2), 1-28.
  • Tatoglu Yardelen, F. (2018). Panel zaman serileri analizi stata uygulamalı, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Tekbas, M. (2022). ASEAN-5 ülkelerinde ekonomik büyüme, finansal gelişme ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 717-741.
  • Tekin, A., & Şaşmaz, M. Ü. (2016). Küreselleşme sürecinde ekolojik riskleri azaltmada çevresel vergilerin etkisi: Avrupa Birliği örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 23(1), 1-17.
  • Topcu, M., & Özdemir, S. (2019). Türkiye ve Avro bölgesi arasındaki ikili ticaretin analizi: marshall-lerner koşulu geçerli mi?. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 34 (4), 481-489.
  • Usman, M., Khalid, K., & Mehdi, M.A. (2021). What determines environmental deficit in Asia? Embossing the role of renewable and non-renewable energy utilization. Renewable Energy, 168, 1165-1176.
  • Westerlund, J. (2007). Testing for error correction in panel data. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 69(6), 709-748.
  • Wolde-Rufael, Y., & Mulat-Weldemeskel, E. (2021). Do environmental taxes and environmental stringency policies reduce co2 emissions? Evidence from 7 emerging economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 22392-22408.
  • Wolde-Rufael, Y., & Mulat-Weldemeskel, E. (2021). The moderating role of environmental tax and renewable energy in CO2 emissions in Latin America and Caribbean countries: evidence from Method of Moments Quantile Regression. Environmental Challenges, 6, 100412.
  • World Population Review, https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/co2-emissions-by-country, Date of Access: 04.05.2023.
  • Zafar, M.W., Shahbaz, M., Hou, F., & Sinha, A. (2019). From nonrenewable to renewable energy and its impact on economic growth: The role of research & development expenditures in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 212, 1166-1178.

Çevre Vergileri, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Çevre Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Ampirik Bir Analizi: Seçilmiş Oniki Ülkeden Kanıtlar

Year 2023, , 98 - 108, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1307369

Abstract

Sanayileşme ile birlikte ortaya çıkan çevre kirliliği ve küresel ısınma son yıllarda giderek artan küresel bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Çevre kirliliği sonucu ortaya çıkan sera gazları, ülkeleri piyasa temelli bir mali araç olan karbon vergisini uygulamaya geçirmeye zorlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1998-2019 döneminde en fazla karbon emisyonuna neden olan 12 ülkede çevre vergileri, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyümenin çevre kalitesi üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Uzun dönem AMG tahmin sonuçları analize dahil edilen ülkelerde çevre vergilerinin ve yenilebilir enerji tüketiminin çevre kirliliğini azalttığını, ekonomik büyümenin ise çevre kalitesini bozduğunu göstermiştir. Diğer yandan Dumitrescu ve Hurlin nedensellik test sonuçlarına göre yenilenebilir tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme ile karbon emisyonu arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu, çevre vergilerinden karbon emisyonuna doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Dolayısıyla ilgili ülkelerde sürdürülebilir çevre açısından çevre vergilerinin ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin artırılmasına yönelik daha etkin politika uygulamaları önem arz etmektedir.

References

  • Abrell, J., & Rausch, S. (2017). Combining price and quantity controls under partitioned environmental regulation. Journal of Public Economics, 145, 226-242.
  • Allan, G., Lecca, P., McGregor, P., & Swales, K. (2014). The economic and environmental impact of a carbon tax for Scotland: A computable general equilibrium analysis. Ecological Economics, 100, 40-50.
  • Alper, A. E. (2017). Analysis of carbon tax on selected European countries: Does carbon tax reduce emissions? Applied Economics and Finance, 5(1), 29-36.
  • Altay Topcu, B. (2022). Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir çevre: finansal gelişme, yenilenebilir ve yenilenemeyen enerji tüketimi ve doğal kaynak gelirlerinin rolü. Journal of Academic Social Sciences,129, 43-60.
  • Altay Topcu, B. (2022). Yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve enerji ithalatının cari açık üzerindeki etkisi: enerji ithalatında lider ülkeler örneği. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 14(26), 1-15.
  • Altay Topcu, B., & Dogan, M. (2022). The effect of solar energy production on financial development and economic growth: Evidence from 11 selected countries. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 17(1), 2141377.
  • Aydın, M. (2020). Seçilmiş OECD ülkelerinde çevre vergilerinin çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkileri: Yapısal kırılmalı nedensellik testinden kanıtlar. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 28, 137-154.
  • Baek, J. (2015). Environmental kuznets curve for CO2 Emissions: The case of arctic countries. Energy Economics. 50, 13-17.
  • Bayar, Y., & Şaşmaz, M. Ü. (2016). Karbon vergisi, ekonomik büyüme ve CO2 emisyonu arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: Danimarka, Finlandiya, Hollanda, İsveç ve Norveç örneği. International Journal of Applied Economic and Finance Studies, 1(1), 32-41.
  • Blomquist, J., & Westerlund, J. (2013). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels with serial correlation. Economics Letters, 121(3), 374-378.
  • Bond, S., & Eberhardt, M. (2013). Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity in panel time series models. Nuff. Coll. Univ., Oxford, mimeo.
  • Breusch, T.S., & Pagan, A.R. (1980). The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Cetin, M., Aslan, A., & Sarıgul, S.S. (2022). Analysis of the dynamics of environmental degradation for 18 upper middleincome countries: The role of financial development. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 1-18.
  • Cetin, M., Ecevit, E., & Yucel, A. G. (2018). Structural breaks, urbanization and CO2 emissions: evidence from Turkey. Journal of Applied Economics & Business Research, 8(2), 122-139.
  • Cetin, M., Saygın, S., & Demir, H. (2020). Tarım sektörünün çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkisi: türkiye ekonomisi için bir eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik analizi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi , 17(3) , 329-345.
  • Costello, K. W. (2019). Essay on climate apocalypse and a carbon tax. The Electricity Journal, 32(10).
  • Damirova, S., & Yayla, N. (2021). Çevre kirliliği ile makroekonomik belirleyicileri arasındaki ilişki: seçilmiş ülkeler için bir panel veri analizi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 30, 107-126.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Eberhardt, M., & Bond, S. (2009). Cross-section dependence in non-stationary panel models: A novel estimator. MPRA Paper, 17692, 1-26.
  • Ertugrul, H. M., Cetin, M., Seker, F., & Dogan, E. (2016). The impact of trade openness on global carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from the top ten emitters among developing countries. Ecological Indicators, 67, 543-555.
  • Hajek, M., Zimmermannova, J., Helman, K., & Rozenski, L. (2019). Analysis of carbon tax efficiency in energy industries of selected EU countries. Energy Policy, 134, 1-11.
  • He, P., Ning, J., Yu, Z., Xiong, H., Shen, H., & Jin, H. (2019). Can environmental tax policy really help to reduce pollutant emissions? An empirical study of a panel ARDL model based on OECD countries and China. Sustainability, 11(16), 4384.
  • Hotunluoğlu, H., & Tekeli, R. (2007). Karbon vergisinin ekonomik analizi ve etkileri: karbon vergisinin emisyon azaltıcı etkisi var mı?. Sosyoekonomi, 6(6),107-126.
  • Kesbic, C., & Simsek, D. (2020). Çevresel riskleri azaltmada çevre vergilerinin etkisi: Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye örneği. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21(46), 20-39.
  • Kevser, M., Tekbas, M., Dogan, M., & Koyluoglu, S. (2022). Nexus among biomass energy consumption, economic growth, and financial development: Evidence from selected 15 countries. Energy Reports, 8, 8372-8380.
  • Lee, J. W., & Brahmasrene, T. (2013). Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from panel analysis of the European Union. Tourism Management, 38, 69-76.
  • Liang, Q.-M., Fan, Y., & Wei, Y.-M. (2007). Carbon taxation policy in China: How to protect energy trade intensive sectors?, Journal of Policy Modeling, 29(2), 311-333.
  • Lin, B., & Li, X. (2011). The effect of carbon tax on per capita CO2 emissions. Energy Policy, 39(9), 5137-5146.
  • Liu, X., Leung, Y., Xu, Y., & Yung, L. (2017). The effect of carbon tax on carbon emission abatement and GDP: A case study. Journal of Geographical Systems, 19, 399-414.
  • Meireles, M., Robaina, M., & Magueta, D. (2021). The effectiveness of environmental taxes in reducing CO2 emissions in passenger vehicles: The case of Mediterranean countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5442.
  • Miller, S., & Vela, M. (2013). Are Environmentally Related Taxes Effective?. IDB Working Paper, No. 467.
  • Morley, B. (2012). Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of environmental taxes. Applied Economics Letters, 19(18), 1817-1820.
  • Muhammad, S., & Long, X. (2021). Rule of law and CO2 emissions: A comparative analysis across 65 belt and road initiative (BRI) countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123539.
  • Nordhaus, W. D. (2006). After Kyoto: Alternative mechanisms to control global warming. American Economic Review, 96(2), 31-34.
  • O´Ryan, R., Nasirov, S., & Osorio, H. (2023). Assessment of the potential impacts of a carbon tax in Chile using dynamic CGE model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 403, 136694.
  • Organ, İ., & Çiftçi, T.E. (2013). Karbon vergisi, Niğde Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(1), 81-95.
  • Ozbek, S. (2023). Sürdürülebilir çevre: çevre teknolojileri ve vergileri kapsamında ekonometrik bir inceleme. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Prof. Dr. Muammer ERDOĞAN Anısına Kongre Özel Sayısı , 63-91.
  • Ozkaya, M. H. (2022). Ekonomik büyüme ve çevre vergi gelirlerinin karbon dioksit emisyonu üzerindeki etkisi: AB ülkeleri örneği. International Journal of Applied Economic and Finance Studies, 7(1), 128-139.
  • Ozturk, S., Cetin, M., & Demir, H. (2022). Income inequality and CO2 emissions: Nonlinear evidence from Turkey. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(10), 11911–11928.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pizer, W. (2002). Combining price and quantity controls to mitigate global climate change. Journal of Public Economics, 85(3), 409-434.
  • Purcel, A. A. (2019). Does political stability hinder pollution? Evidence from developing states. Economic Research Guardian, 9(2), 75-98.
  • Rafique, M. Z., Fareed, Z., Ferraz, D., Ikram, M., & Huang, S. (2022). Exploring the heterogenous impacts of environmental taxes on environmental footprints: an empirical assessment from developed economies. Energy, 238, 121753.
  • Saqib, N., Radulescu, M., Usman, M., Balsalobre-Lorente, D., & Cilan, T. (2023). Environmental technology, economic complexity, renewable electricity, environmental taxes and CO2 emissions: Implications for low-carbon future in G-10 bloc. Heliyon, 9(6), e16457.
  • Seker, F., & Cetin, M. (2015). Düşük karbonlu yeşil büyüme ve karbondioksit salınımının temel belirleyicileri: Türkiye uygulaması. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(8), 22-41.
  • Shahbaz, M., Dogan, M., Akkus, H. T., & Gursoy, S. (2023). The effect of financial development and economic growth on ecological footprint: evidence from top 10 emitter countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-16.
  • Sumerli Sarıgül, S., & Altay Topcu, B. (2021). The impact of environmental taxes on carbon dioxide emissions in Turkey. International Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 3 (1), 43-54.
  • Tasdemir, Y., & Türgay, T. (2021). Gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğinin azaltılmasında çevre vergilerinin rolü: OECD ülkeleri çerçevesinde ampirik bir çalışma. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(2), 1-28.
  • Tatoglu Yardelen, F. (2018). Panel zaman serileri analizi stata uygulamalı, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Tekbas, M. (2022). ASEAN-5 ülkelerinde ekonomik büyüme, finansal gelişme ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 717-741.
  • Tekin, A., & Şaşmaz, M. Ü. (2016). Küreselleşme sürecinde ekolojik riskleri azaltmada çevresel vergilerin etkisi: Avrupa Birliği örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 23(1), 1-17.
  • Topcu, M., & Özdemir, S. (2019). Türkiye ve Avro bölgesi arasındaki ikili ticaretin analizi: marshall-lerner koşulu geçerli mi?. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 34 (4), 481-489.
  • Usman, M., Khalid, K., & Mehdi, M.A. (2021). What determines environmental deficit in Asia? Embossing the role of renewable and non-renewable energy utilization. Renewable Energy, 168, 1165-1176.
  • Westerlund, J. (2007). Testing for error correction in panel data. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 69(6), 709-748.
  • Wolde-Rufael, Y., & Mulat-Weldemeskel, E. (2021). Do environmental taxes and environmental stringency policies reduce co2 emissions? Evidence from 7 emerging economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 22392-22408.
  • Wolde-Rufael, Y., & Mulat-Weldemeskel, E. (2021). The moderating role of environmental tax and renewable energy in CO2 emissions in Latin America and Caribbean countries: evidence from Method of Moments Quantile Regression. Environmental Challenges, 6, 100412.
  • World Population Review, https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/co2-emissions-by-country, Date of Access: 04.05.2023.
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There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics, Environmental Economy, International Economics (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Betül Altay Topcu 0000-0003-2044-4568

Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Altay Topcu, B. (2023). An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Environmental Taxes, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth on Environmental Quality: Evidence from Twelve Selected Countries. International Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 5(2), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1307369

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