Research Article

The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey

Volume: 7 Number: 3 September 30, 2025
EN TR

The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey

Abstract

This research seeks to elucidate the impact of cost efficiency within banking institutions on their overall financial performance. The empirical data utilized in this investigation was sourced from the Bloomberg Terminal database. The research sample comprises public deposit banks operating within the Republic of Turkey. Eight banks were selected for data sampling, with the temporal scope of analysis spanning from 2009 to 2022. Initially, the study employed stochastic frontier analysis to assess cost efficiency, subsequently utilizing the technical efficiency metrics derived from this analysis to evaluate its influence on the financial performance of deposit banks via panel regression methodologies. In the stochastic frontier analysis conducted according to the model of Battese and Coelli (1995), it was concluded that the variables selected as input (Personnel Costs and Interest Costs) affected the output (Loans and Financial Assets) at a 1% significance level. Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Interest Margin (NIM), which are financial performance indicators of banks, were selected as dependent variables. Logarithm of Total Assets (LNASSETS), Total Equity/Total Assets (TETA), Total Loans/Total Deposits (TLTD) and Non-Performing Loans/Total Loans (NPL), which are important variables for banks with cost efficiency levels, were used as independent variables in this study. As a result of the panel regression, it was seen that Cost efficiency affected the dependent variables ROA, ROE and NIM at 5% significance level. This result indicates that banks need to review their credit risk management, non-interest expense control, and capital adequacy strategies with a focus on cost efficiency; for regulators, it highlights the need for close monitoring of high TLTD and rising NPL ratios and the implementation of countercyclical measures.

Keywords

References

  1. Acar, M. F., Erkoç, T. E., & Yılmaz, B. (2015). Türk bankacılık sektörü için karşılaştırmalı performans analizi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.188782
  2. Adeabah, D., & Andoh, C. (2020). Cost efficiency and welfare performance of banks: Evidence from an emerging economy. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 16(5), 549-574. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-06-2019-0212
  3. Battese, G. E., & Coelli, T. J. (1995). A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data. Empirical Economics, 20(2), 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01205442
  4. Berger, A. N., & Mester, L. J. (1997). Inside the black box: What explains differences in the efficiencies of financial institutions?. Journal of Banking & Finance, 21(7), 895-947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(97)00010-1
  5. Diko, A. (2024). A dea and tobit analysis of the determinants of cost and profit efficiency in the Turkish banking sector. International Journal of Banking and Finance, 19(1), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.32890/ijbf2024.19.1.1
  6. Greene, W. H. (2008). The econometric approach to efficiency analysis. In H. O. Fried, C. A. K. Lovell, & S. S. Schmidt (Eds.), The measurement of productive efficiency and productivity growth (pp. 92-250). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183528.003.0002
  7. Hamarat, Ç. (2024). The efficiency of participation and conventional banking in Turkiye: A stochastic frontier approach. Toplum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Dergisi, 5(1), 56-79. https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1341253
  8. Hanif Akhtar, M. (2013). After the financial crisis: A cost efficiency analysis of banks from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 6(4), 322-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-05-2013-0059

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Finance

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

August 21, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 27, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 7 Number: 3

APA
Kılıç, G. (2025). The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey. International Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 7(3), 188-196. https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1769763
AMA
1.Kılıç G. The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey. BES JOURNAL. 2025;7(3):188-196. doi:10.54821/uiecd.1769763
Chicago
Kılıç, Gökhan. 2025. “The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey”. International Journal of Business and Economic Studies 7 (3): 188-96. https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1769763.
EndNote
Kılıç G (September 1, 2025) The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey. International Journal of Business and Economic Studies 7 3 188–196.
IEEE
[1]G. Kılıç, “The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey”, BES JOURNAL, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 188–196, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.54821/uiecd.1769763.
ISNAD
Kılıç, Gökhan. “The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey”. International Journal of Business and Economic Studies 7/3 (September 1, 2025): 188-196. https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1769763.
JAMA
1.Kılıç G. The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey. BES JOURNAL. 2025;7:188–196.
MLA
Kılıç, Gökhan. “The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey”. International Journal of Business and Economic Studies, vol. 7, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 188-96, doi:10.54821/uiecd.1769763.
Vancouver
1.Gökhan Kılıç. The Effect of Cost Efficiency on The Financial Performance of Banks: A Research on Public Banks in Turkey. BES JOURNAL. 2025 Sep. 1;7(3):188-96. doi:10.54821/uiecd.1769763

Cited By


28007

BES JOURNAL-International Journal of Business and Economic Studies is licensed with Creavtive Commons (CC) Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0).