DIŞ TİCARETE AÇILMAK SAĞLIK DÜZEYİNİN YÜKSELTİLMESİNDE ETKİLİ MİDİR? ÜST-ORTA GELİRLİ ÜLKELER İÇİN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Öz

Sınır ötesi ticaret yoluyla sermaye ve mal, teknoloji ve bilginin diğer ülkelere aktarılması, ülkeler arasında ekonomik bütünleşmeye yol açmıştır. Bu durum birçok alanda bireylerin yaşam standardında ve dolayısıyla refahında değişikliğe neden olmuştur. Bu değişim, ülkelerin sağlık düzeylerini de etkileyebilmektedir. Özellikle dış ticaret yoluyla yeni teknoloji ve bilgilerin ülkelere aktarılacak, yeni tedavi ve hastalıklarla ilgili yöntem ve uygulamalar ülkelerin sağlık düzeylerinin etkilenmesinde rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ticaret açıklığının ülkelerdeki sağlık düzeyine olan etkisi literatürde tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Dış ticaretin sağlık düzeyi üzerindeki etkisi yeni tartışma alanı olarak, özellikle az gelişmekte ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için dikkat çekmektir. Bu çalışmada, 1990-2017 yılları arasında panel veri yöntemi kullanılarak, Dünya Bankası sınıflandırmasında üst-orta gelir düzeyinde bulunan 13 Orta Doğu ve Asya ülkelerinin dış açıklığının sağlık çıktılarına etkisi incelenmektedir. Bulgular, ticaret açıklığının her iki sağlık çıktısı (bebek ölüm ve yaşam beklentisi) için de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, kişi başına düşen GSYH’nin ve Ar-Ge harcamalarının gelir içindeki payının sağlık düzeyine pozitif ve anlamlı etkisi, bu ülkelerin dış ticarete odaklanarak, yeni teknolojilerin ve bilginin yayılmasını artırarak sağlık sonuçlarında iyileştirme etkisi olduğunu da oraya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ticaret açıklığı,Sağlık düzeyi,Yaşam beklentisi,Bebek ölümleri,Panel veri

IS TRADE OPENNESS IMPACT ON HEALTH LEVEL RISING? EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA ACROSS UPPER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES

Öz

The transfer of capital and goods, technology and information to other countries through cross-border trade has led to economic integration among countries. This situation has caused the change in the life structure of the individuals in many areas and thus the welfare as well. This change may also affect the health levels of countries. Particularly, with the new technology and knowledge, the methods and practices related to new treatment and diseases to be transferred to countries via foreign trade have played a role in influencing the health levels of countries. In this respect, the importance of trade openness on impact of the level of health in countries also has begun to be discussed. The new discussion area in foreign trade for healthcare is that the trade openness level whether impact on health outcomes for especially in the less development and developing countries. This study examines the effect of trade openness on the health outcomes of 13 countries in upper-middle income- World Bank classification- Middle East and Asia countries by using a panel data method over 1990-2017. Our finding shows that the trade openness has a statistically significant and positive effect for both health outcomes. In addition, the positive and significant effect of GDP per capita and R&D expenditures share in GDP on health level are also among the other notable results of the study that it has impact on improving the health outcomes through the spillover of new technologies and information with more focus on foreign trade in these countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Trade openness,Health level,Life expectancy,Infant mortality,Panel data

Kaynakça

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