“Open Access” is a catch-all term covering both Gratis and Libre Open Access. More than 20 years ago, Open Access was understood to mean content that was available for free without a price attached. This kind of Open Access is now referred to as Gratis Open Access. Over time, as the concept of open access became more widely accepted, there was a need to be clearer about what users were allowed to do with the content. This meant that the users’ rights needed to be clearly stated. This kind of Open Access has no price barriers and removes at least some of the permission barriers. It is referred to as Libre Open Access. Different levels of permissions for reuse exist, like commercial use, creating translations, etc (as indicated by the six different Creative Commons licenses, for example).

The Publisher believes that for Open Access to work effectively, user rights, through licensing, and copyright owners need to be clear.

Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications (UJMA) has been publishing all articles under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license since it started publishing (2018). This license means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.  They can also rearrange them, provided that the original work is properly cited.

This policy is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access. UJMA has also signed the BOAI.

LOCKSS system has permission to collect, preserve, and serve this open access Archival Unit.

Privacy Statement

The names and email addresses entered in the Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that the article has been seen and approved by all the other authors.