Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Research Article

1. TÜRKİYE’DE TEFSİR ALANINDAKİ LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLER (2010–2025): BİBLİYOMETRİK PROFİL, YÖNTEMSEL SORUNLAR VE ULUSLARARASILAŞMA STRATEJİLERİ

Harun Abacı

Page: 1-22

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Research Article

2. FİRUZ BEY CAMİİ VE İLYAS BEY CAMİİ MUKARNASLARI

Yaser Dellal

Page: 23-53

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Research Article

3. 1946-1971 YILLARI ARASINDA SURİYE’DE DİNİ GRUPLARIN DURUMU (ŞAM ve LAZKİYE)

Ahmet Hakan Yılmaz , İsmet Eşmeli

Page: 54-71

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Aim & Scope

UNIVERSAL JOURNAL OF THEOLOGY (UJTE)

Focus and Scope

Universal Journal of Theology (UJTE) is a double blind peer-reviewed and quarter international journal that aims at reporting high-quality empirical and original research contributions in the field of theology, religious ethics, religious education and philosophy, as well as articles that approach the role of religion in culture and society from a historical, sociological, psychological, linguistic, political, philosophical or artistic standpoint are welcomed.

The scope of UJTE includes theory and practice in critical, hermeneutical, historical, and constructive inquiry into religion. UJTE also publishes book reviews of potential interest to readers. Translated versions of previously published articles are also welcomed for UJTE. Publication languages of the journal are Turkish, English and Arabic. UJTE provides translation and proofreading service for the authors.

Manuscripts not submitted elsewhere for publication will be considered. Papers presented at scientific events are also accepted for publication with the same strict peer-review process.

Section Policies

Editor-in-Chief:

Dr. İsmail Şimşek – Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University

Editorial Advisory Board Members

Dr. Abdelrehim Sad Aldin – Al-Azhar University / Egypt

Dr. Abdullah Harouna – Al Baha University / KSA

Dr. Abdullah M. Nuri Al Dersawi – King Faisal University / KSA

Dr. Abdülcebbar Kavak – Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University / Turkey

Dr. Abdülkerim Seber – Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University / Turkey

Dr. Azad Said Sumo – Duhok University / Iraq

Dr. Abdülhadi Sağlam – Erzincan University / Turkey

Dr. Ahmet Koç- Marmara University / Turkey

Dr. Fazlı Polat-Atatürk University / Turkey

Dr. Hakkı Aydın- Cumhuriyet University / Turkey

Dr. Hanifi Palabıyık- Atatürk University / Turkey

Dr. Hayati Tetik – Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University / Turkey

Dr. Hasan Akkanat- Çukurova University/Turkey

Dr. İbrahim Taha – Al Baha University / KSA

Dr. İsmail Yılmaz – Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University / Turkey

Dr. Kamil Kömürcü- Cumhuriyet University / Turkey

Dr. Kemal Polat – Amasya University / Turkey

Dr. Mahmut Çınar- Gaziantep University / Turkey

Dr. Maksut Çetin- İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University / Turkey

Dr. M. Salih Geçit – Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University / Turkey

Dr. Muhammed Şakir Muhammet Salih – Selahattin University / Iraq

Dr. Mustafa Alıcı – Erzincan University / Turkey

Dr. Mustafa Safa – Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University / Turkey

Dr. Raşit Batur- İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University / Turkey

Dr. Ruhattin Yazoğlu- Atatürk University- Turkey

Dr. Sabri Erturhan- Cumhuriyet University / Turkey

Dr. Said Al Qurani – Al-Azhar University / Egypt

Dr. Şadi Eren- Iğdır University / Turkey

Dr. Tuncay İmamoğlu- Atatürk University- Turkey

Dr. Vahit Celal – Bartın University / Turkey

Dr. Vahdettin Başçı- Atatürk University- Turkey

Dr. Yakup Civelek- Bartın University / Turkey

Dr. Yusuf Sancak- Atatürk University- Turkey

Editorial & Technical Office

Halis Çavuşoğlu – Dicle University / Turkey

Mehdi Karakoç – Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University / Turkey

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Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

Indexing

This journal is indexed in:

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Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

Journal Sponsorship

Universal Journal of Theology (UJTE) is sponsored by KeD Publishing Co.

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement

[1] Ethical guidelines for journal publication

These guidelines are based on existing Elsevier policies.

The publication of an article in the peer-reviewed journal “Universal Journal of Theology” (UJTE) contributes to growth of knowledge. We encourage the best standards of publication ethics and take all possible measures against publication malpractices. It is important to agree upon standards of proper ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing: authors, editors, peer reviewers and the publisher. KeD Publishing, as the publisher of the journal UJTE, take its duties of guardianship over all stages of publishing extremely seriously and we recognize our ethical and other responsibilities.

[2] Duties of authors

(These guidelines are based on existing Elsevier policies and COPE‟s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.)

Reporting standards

Authors of papers should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review and professional publication articles should also be accurate and objective, and editorial „opinion‟ works should be clearly identified as such.

Data access and retention

Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data (consistent with the ALPSP-STM Statement on Data and Databases), if practicable, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

Originality and plagiarism

The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others, that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.
Plagiarism takes many forms, from „passing off‟ another‟s paper as the author‟s own paper, to copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of another‟s paper (without attribution), to claiming results from research conducted by others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication

An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. In general, an author should not submit for consideration in another journal a previously published paper. Publication of some kinds of articles (e.g. clinical guidelines, translations) in more than one journal is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met. The authors and editors of the journals concerned must agree to the secondary publication, which must reflect the same data and interpretation of the primary document. The primary reference must be cited in the secondary publication.

Acknowledgement of sources

Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Information obtained privately, as in conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties, must not be used or reported without explicit, written permission from the source. Information obtained in the course of confidential services, such as refereeing manuscripts or grant applications, must not be used without the explicit written permission of the author of the work involved in these services.

Authorship of the paper

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Hazards and human or animal subjects

If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript. If the work involves the use of animal or human subjects, the author should ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that the appropriate institutional committee(s) has approved them. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest

All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. Examples of potential conflicts of interest which should be disclosed include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest stage possible.

Fundamental errors in published Works

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author‟s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper. If the editor or the publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error, it is the obligation of the author to promptly retract or correct the paper or provide evidence to the editor of the correctness of the original paper.

[3] Duties of editors

(These guidelines are based on existing Elsevier policies and COPE‟s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.)

Publication decisions

The editor of a peer-reviewed journal UJTE is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published, often working in conjunction with the relevant society (for society-owned or sponsored journals). The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors or reviewers (or society officers) in making this decision.

Fair play

An editor should evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.

Confidentiality
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Editors should recuse themselves (i.e. should ask a co-editor, associate editor or other member of the editorial board instead to review and consider) from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or (possibly) institutions connected to the papers. Editors should require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication. If needed, other appropriate action should be taken, such as the publication of a retraction or expression of concern.

Involvement and cooperation in investigations

An editor should take reasonably responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper, in conjunction with the publisher (or society). Such measures will generally include contacting the author of the manuscript or paper and giving due consideration of the respective complaint or claims made, but may also include further communications to the relevant institutions and research bodies, and if the complaint is upheld, the publication of a correction, retraction, expression of concern, or other note, as may be relevant. Every reported act of unethical publishing behavior must be looked into, even if it is discovered years after publication.

[4] Duties of reviewers

(These guidelines are based on existing Elsevier policies and COPE‟s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.)

Contribution to editorial decisions

Peer review assists the editor of UJTE in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper. Peer review is an essential component of formal scholarly communication, and lies at the heart of the scientific method. UJTE shares the view of many that all scholars who wish to contribute to publications have an obligation to do a fair share of reviewing.
Promptness
Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.

Confidentiality
Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.

Standards of objectivity

Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.

Acknowledgement of sources

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.

Disclosure and conflict of interest

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in a reviewer‟s own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

Peer Review Process
Submission types:
1- Research / Review article (Max. 9000 words)

2- Translation (Max. 9000 words

3- Short report (Max. 2000 words)

4- Book review (Max 1000 words)

The general steps followed by the UJTE during the review process are as follow:

1- After receiving the manuscript the corresponding author receives a confirmation email of submission.

2- Submitted manuscripts will be firstly screened by the editor-in-chief and co-editors for the appropriateness of the manuscript to the journal. After this pre-decision,

3- Each submitted manuscript will be firstly subjected to the similarity report and plagiarism check. In this process, iThenticate, a plagiarism screening service that verifies the originality of content submitted, will be used. The iThenticate software checks submissions against millions of published research papers, documents on the web, and other relevant sources. Authors can also use the iThenticate system to screen their work before submission by visiting and learning much about the system from http://www.ithenticate.com/

4- After the decision of the originality report, the manuscript will be sent to two international referees for blind review (the referees are selected according to their expertise in the field and authors can also suggest referees).

5- All manuscripts are evaluated according to the reviewers’ guidelines. On the basis of their evaluation, the referees recommend the paper either for publication or for rejection or they can suggest some necessary changes if it is needed.

6- A third review in the case of disaccord between the reviewers will get involved in the process.

7- Based on the two positive comments of international reviewers, the manuscript will be published.

8- When the manuscript is accepted for publication, the corresponding author is issued an acceptance letter.

9- The review process of the UJTE is completed within four weeks.

This journal uses Open Journal Systems, which is open source journal management and publishing software developed, supported, and freely distributed by the Public Knowledge Project under the GNU General Public License.

The schematic representation of the publication process is shown below:

Open Access Policy
The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.

Archiving
This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration.

Author Guidelines

Articles submitted to the journal must not have been previously published or accepted for publication elsewhere. Articles must be formatted according to the ISNAD Citation Style (2nd Edition) using the footnote system. Click here to download the article template.

It is mandatory for authors to scan their submitted articles using plagiarism detection software. Articles in which plagiarism is detected or the similarity rate exceeds 25% will not be published.

Publication and Writing Rules
1. Submission Scope Articles submitted to the Universal Journal Theology in the form of original research, translations, book reviews, or conference papers that are considered to contribute to the field will be taken into evaluation.

2. Originality Articles submitted to the Universal Journal Theology must not have been previously published in another publication organ or be currently under evaluation for publication elsewhere.

3. Conference Papers If the articles have been previously presented as papers at a congress, symposium, or meeting, they may be published provided that the date and place are specified and deemed appropriate by the editorial board. All responsibility regarding this matter belongs to the authors.

4. Submission Method Article submissions to our journal can only be made via DergiPark.

5. Preliminary Review Articles submitted for publication are first examined by the editorial office in the context of the Journal Writing and Publication Principles. If there are sections that need to be corrected by the author, the article is returned to the author for revision.

6. Non-Compliance (Note: The source text skips item 6 and proceeds to 7) Articles that do not comply with the Journal Writing and Publication Principles are not sent to referees and are not published.

7. Peer Review Process After the articles are approved by the editorial office, they are sent to at least two referees via the same system. In cases deemed necessary, the study may be reviewed by more than two referees. The final decision regarding the work to be published is made by taking into account the majority opinion of the referees. The suggestions of the referees are rigorously followed by the editor.

The journal reserves the right to make corrections to, publish, or not publish the submitted articles.

The names of the authors and referees are kept mutually confidential (double-blind review) in the works sent for evaluation.

8. Objections Authors may object to the negative opinions of the referees, provided they present evidence. This objection is examined, and if deemed necessary, a different referee's opinion is sought.

9. Review of Revisions Referees may request to see the final version of the article they wanted corrected before it is published. In this case, the article saved to the system automatically falls onto the referee's page and is examined by the referee.

10. Review Timeline The editorial office monitors whether referees submit their reports within the determined time. If reports are not received within the specified time, a new referee is assigned to the article by the editorial office.

11. Communication Referees, editors, and authors can correspond via the "Messages" section in the Article Tracking System. Proposals and additional warnings can be made through this channel.

12. Publication Notification The author is informed via message regarding which issue the accepted article will be published in.

13. Digital Process All processes take place in an electronic environment.

14. Structure The article must begin with an "Introduction" section, which discusses the aim, scope, approaches in the literature regarding the research, and the method of the study. At the end of the article, there must be a "Conclusion" section where the obtained findings are evaluated.

15. Citation Style The journal uses the ISNAD Citation Style (2nd Edition) with the footnote system.

Ethical Principles and Publication Policy

IMPORTANT! If the Ethics Committee Acceptance Report is not required in the articles uploaded to our journal (i.e. if it is not a survey, face-to-face interview, etc.), then you must upload the ‘No Ethics Committee Report Required’ text in the Ethics Committee Report field by writing and signing it yourself.

In the ethical duties and responsibilities adopted by our journal, the ‘Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions’ and the principles published by the ‘Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)’ are taken into consideration.

All Research Articles submitted to our journal must obtain an Ethics Committee Approval Certificate from the Ethics Committee.

The publication of an article in a peer-reviewed journal is a necessary building block in the development of a harmonious and respected knowledge network. It is a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the authors and their supporting institutes. Peer-reviewed articles support and shape the scientific method. It is therefore important for all parties involved in publishing, authors, journal editors, reviewers and publishing organisations, to agree on standards of expected ethical behaviour:

By submitting an article to our journal, the author(s) agree to the following terms and conditions by signing the copyright agreement below:

The manuscript submitted is his/her/their own original work and has not been plagiarized from any prior work,
2. all authors participated in the work in a substantive way and are prepared to take public responsibility for the work,
3. all authors have seen and approved the manuscript as submitted,
4. the manuscript has not been published and is not being submitted or considered for publication elsewhere,
5. the text, illustrations, and any other materials included in the manuscript do not infringe upon any existing copyright or other rights of anyone.
6. they cannot arbitrarily withdraw the article based on disruption of the process while the refereeing process, which begins after the editorial review, is ongoing.
7. to transfer their financial rights on the submitted article, especially the rights of processing, reproduction, representation, printing, publication, distribution and all
kinds of public communication, including transmission via the Internet, to the Universal Journal of Theology.
8. The Contributor(s) or, if applicable the Contributor’s Employer, retain(s) all proprietary rights in addition to copyright, patent rights.
9. I/We indemnify the Publisher and the Editors of the Journals, and hold them harmless from any loss, expense or damage occasioned by a claim or suit by a third
party for copyright infringement, or any suit arising out of any breach of the foregoing warranties as a result of publication of my/our article. I/We also warrant
that the article contains no libelous or unlawful statements and does not contain material or instructions that might cause harm or injury.

1. Authorship

- The bibliography list must be complete.

- Before uploading the article, the author should obtain a report from the ethics committee of the university where he / she works and upload it to the journal with the article. In addition, plagiarism and fake data should not be included.

- The same research should not be attempted to be published in more than one journal and should comply with the ethics of scientific research and publication.

Actions contrary to scientific research and publication ethics are as follows:

a) Plagiarism: Presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, forms or works of others as one's own work, in whole or in part, without citing their owners in accordance with scientific rules,

b) Forgery: Producing data that are not based on research, editing or modifying the submitted or published work based on unreal data, reporting or publishing them, presenting a research that has not been conducted as if it has been conducted,

c) Distortion: Falsifying research records and the data obtained, showing methods, devices and materials that were not used in the research as if they were used, not evaluating data that are not in accordance with the research hypothesis, manipulating data and/or results to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, falsifying or shaping the results of the research in line with the interests of the persons and organisations receiving support,

ç) Re-publication: Presenting more than one work containing the same results of a research as separate works in associate professorship exam evaluations and academic promotions,

d) Slicing: Presenting the results of a research as separate works in associate professorship exam evaluations and academic promotions by inappropriately dividing the results of a research into parts in a way that disrupts the integrity of the research and by making many publications without citing each other,

e) Unfair authorship: Including among the authors people who have not made active contributions, and including among the authors people who have made active contributions.

f) Other types of ethical violations: Failure to clearly indicate the persons, institutions or organisations that provide support and their contributions to the research in the publications of the research conducted with support, failure to comply with ethical rules in research on humans and animals, failure to respect patient rights in publications, sharing the information contained in a work that he / she has been assigned to review as a referee with others before publication, misuse of resources, venues, facilities and devices provided or allocated for scientific research, making completely groundless, unwarranted and deliberate accusations of ethical violations (YÖK Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive, Article 8).

2. Author Responsibilities

- All authors must contribute significantly to the research.

- A declaration that all data in the manuscript are true and authentic is required.

- All authors must ensure retraction and correction of errors.

- Articles written in Arabic should include a bibliography in Latin.

3. Responsibilities of the Referees

1. Referees will be paid an article evaluation fee if the required points in the referee evaluation form sent by the editorial office are fulfilled.

2. There are two basic principles that the referees should follow in the evaluation form.

a. If the referee responds positively or negatively to the requested items in the referee report, he/she must present both in a reasoned manner.

b. In case of a negative or correction request, the referee is obliged to provide ‘alternative suggestions’.

3. When the referee receives the file, he/she should immediately inform the editor that the file has been received in good condition.

- Only articles that will contribute to the field should be accepted.

- Support the publication or withdrawal of corrections when errors are found.

- Keep the names of the referees confidential and prevent plagiarism/fake data.

The editor of the journal does not send reviews to referees in the following situations as much as possible:

. Referees with whom the author/authors have previously published a joint study,

- Assisted the referees in the preliminary reading of the author's/authors' work,

- To referees with whom the author/authors are known to have had problems before,

- Reviewers who will benefit financially from the publication of the study,

- Reviewers working in the same institution (same department) as the author.

The peer review process is central to the success of scientific publishing. Protecting and improving the arbitration process is part of our commitment.

5. Uncovering Plagiarism

Articles submitted for publication in the Journal of Pamukkale University Faculty of Theology are subjected to double blind peer review by at least two referees. In addition, it is confirmed that the articles have not been published before and do not contain plagiarism through a special programme used in plagiarism detection.

4. The referee should inform the editor within a maximum of one week whether he / she can evaluate the study, taking into account the evaluation period foreseen for the study and the suitability of the subject of the study.

5. Reviewers are given 30 days to evaluate a manuscript. The referee cannot request additional time for evaluation in order to prevent the author from losing his/her rights. The referee who does not send the evaluation report within this period will not be paid.

6. If the referee thinks that he/she cannot act fairly due to various reasons (author, institution, financier, etc.), he/she should inform the editor within a maximum of one week that he/she cannot evaluate the study.

7. Referee evaluations are expected to be critical and unbiased.

8. Referees are expected to make only a text-centred evaluation, avoid statements about the inadequacies of the author(s), and stay away from statements that may damage their personalities.

9. The referee is expected not only to answer yes or no to the evaluation criteria, but also to elaborate his/her negative opinions and state his/her reasons.

10. Some points of two referee reports may contradict each other. In this case, the editor finds a solution by contacting the referees.

4. Editorial Responsibilities

- Editors have full responsibility and authority to accept or reject an article.

- Editors may accept or reject