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Is the Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean: Is it About Energy or Sovereignty?

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 219 - 247, 31.05.2021

Abstract

In this article the reasons for the crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean is analyzed. The analysis shows that the crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean is not merely one of maritime jurisdiction or energy but also one of sovereignty. Additionally, the crisis, which started as a territorial dispute and/or conflicts over sharing of energy resources between Turkey and Greece, later revealed global power interests at work, including the EU’s effort to diversify its natural resources, America and China’s’s struggle for control of the waterways in the region and Russia’s drive to expand in the Eastern Mediterranean.

References

  • AKSOY Merve, Doğu Akdeniz Enerji Rekabeti, 2016, İNSAMER, https://www.academia.edu/29286231/Dogu_Akdeniz_Enerji_Rekabeti, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • ALTERMAN, John B., Heather A. Jonley, Haim Malka, Donatienne Ruy, Restoring the Eastern Mediterranean as a U.S. Strategic Anchor, https://www.csis.org/analysis/restoring-eastern-mediterranean-us-strategic-anchor, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • ANTONOPOULOS, Paul, U.S. “State Department “deplores” Turkey’s “calculated provocation” in the East Mediterranean”, Greek City Times, https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/10/14/u-s-state-department-deplores-turkeys-calculated-provocation-in-the-east-mediterranean/, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • ARIDEMİR, Hakan-Çağatay Allı, “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesindeki Münhasır Ekonomik Bölge Tartışmalarının Analizi”, İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(10), 2019, p.188-202.
  • ATLAS, İlayda Meryem, Deniz İstikbal, “Rusya ve Çin’in Doğu Akdeniz Politikaları, Kemal İnat-Burhanettin Duran-Muhittin Ataman, Doğu Akdeniz ve Türkiye’nin Hakları, SETA Kitapları 60, Ankara, 2020, p.183-208.
  • BABÜROĞLU, Naim, 2021’de Türkiye’nin dış politikadaki konumu…, Veryansın TV, 3 Ocak 2021.
  • BAŞIBÜYÜK, Osman, “Büyük Oyun II – Doğu Akdeniz”, sunsavunma.net, https://www.sunsavunma.net/buyuk-oyun-ii-dogu-akdeniz/, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • ÇUBUKÇUOĞLU S. Süha-Salih Saner, “Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources”, Turkish Journal of Energy Policy, 2018, 3 (6), p.26-39.
  • “Doğu Akdeniz Çalıştayı | Akdeniz Üniversitesi (Açılış ve 1. Oturum)”, Youtube, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, 6 Aralık 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpSsPPiTqK8&t=434s.
  • “Doğu Akdeniz Çalıştayı | Akdeniz Üniversitesi (2. Oturum)”, Youtube, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, 7 Aralık 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpKzOTsk4Wk
  • ECE, Nur Jale, “Doğu Akdeniz’de Münhasır Ekonomik Bölge: Sınırlandırma Anlaşmaları, Paydaşlar ve Stratejiler”, Journal of ETA Maritime Science, JEMS, 2017; 5(1), p.81-94.
  • ERCİYES, Çağatay, “Eastern Mediterranean Turkey’s Legal and Political Views”, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/site_media/html/Eastern-Mediterranean-Turkey-s-Legal-and-Political-Views-5-February-2020.pdf, (Date of Accession:14.02.2021)
  • EROL, Mehmet Seyfettin, Fransa ve Yunanistan: Doğu Akdeniz’deki büyük hesaplaşmanın vekil aktörleri, Aydınlık, 9 Eylül 2020.
  • European Council, 10-11 December 2020, External relations, Eastern Mediterranean, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/european-council/2020/12/10-11/#, (Date of Accession:10.02.2021)
  • European Parliament, “Energy: A Shaping Factor for Regional Stability in the Eastern Mediterranean”, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/578044/EXPO_STU(2017)578044_EN.pdf, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • European Parliamentary Research Service Blog, “Outcome Of The Special European Council Meeting, 1-2 October 2020”, https://epthinktank.eu/2020/10/06/outcome-of-the-special-european-council-meeting-1-2-october-2020/, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021).
  • Euronews, “Türkiye, Doğu Akdeniz'deki doğal gaz arama faaliyetlerini beklemeye aldı”, https://tr.euronews.com/2020/07/28/turkiye-dogu-akdeniz-deki-dogal-gaz-arama-faaliyetlerini-ask-ya-aldi
  • GÜLLER, Mehmet Ali, “Çin’in Doğu Akdeniz Politikası”, Mehmet Ali Güller.com, https://mehmetaliguller.com/2020/08/12/cinin-dogu-akdeniz-politikasi/, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • GÜNEY, Ateşoğlu Nurşin, “Western Policies in the Eastern Mediterranean”, Kemal İnat-Burhanettin Duran-Muhittin Ataman, Eastern Mediterranean and Turkey: Political, Judicial, and Economic Perspectives, SETA Publiactions 62, Ankara, 2020, p.100-133.
  • GÜRDENİZ, Cem, “Mavi Vatanın Güney Cephesi “Doğu Akdeniz”, Pankuş Yayınları, Ankara 2020.
  • GÜRDENİZ, Cem, Piracy like Actions of Germany and the EU in the Eastern Mediterranean, United World, https://uwidata.com/14469-piracy-like-actions-of-germany-and-the-eu-in-the-eastern-mediterranean/, (Date of Accession:17.02.2021)
  • International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), Limits of Oceans and Seas, Monte Carlo-Monaco, 1953.
  • İNAT, Kemal-Burhanettin Duran, “Main Parameters of Turkey’s Eastern Mediterranean Policy”, Kemal İnat-Burhanettin Duran-Muhittin Ataman, Eastern Mediterranean and Turkey: Political, Judicial, and Economic Perspectives, SETA Publications 62, Ankara, 2020, p.6-29.
  • İNAT, Kemal, “Doğu Akdeniz Sorununun Nedenleri ve Türkiye’nin Politikası”, SETA, https://www.setav.org/dogu-akdeniz-sorununun-nedenleri-ve-turkiyenin-politikasi/, (Date of Accession: 16.02.2021)
  • KANAT, Kılıç Buğra-Alexander Chreeky, Libya’da Amerikan Varlığı, Libya Krizi Bölgesel ve Küresel Aktörlerin Politikaları, SETA Kitapları 60, Ankara, 2020.
  • KEDİKLİ, Umut-Taşkın Deniz, “Enerji Kaynakları Mücadelesinde Doğu Akdeniz Havzası ve Deniz Yetki Alanları Uyuşmazlığı”, Alternatif Politika, 7(3), Ekim 2015, p.399-424.
  • Keep Talking Greece, “Exploratory talks between Greece and Turkey resumed in Istanbul,” https://www.keeptalkinggreece.com/2021/01/25/greece-turkey-exploratory-talks/, (Date of Accession:27 January 2021).
  • KILIÇ, Altemur, “1571 yılındaki Fetihten Günümüze Kıbrıs Gerçeği”, Yeniçağ, 20 Şubat 2011.
  • KÖKSAL, Başak, “EUNAVFOR MED Irini Operasyonu Çerçevesinde Roseline – A Gemisine Karşı Gerçekleştirilen Askeri Müdahalenin Hukuka Uygunluğunun Değerlendirilmesi”, İstanbul Center of International Law, https://icil.org.tr/eunavfor-med-irini-operasyonu-cercevesinde-roseline-a-gemisine-karsi-gerceklestirilen-askeri-mudahalenin-hukuka-uygunlugunun-degerlendirilmesi/#_ednref15, (Date of Accession:17.02.2021)
  • KURT, Menderes-Talha İsmail Duman, Bölge Ülkelerinin Doğu Akdeniz Politikaları, Kemal İnat-Burhanettin Duran-Muhittin Ataman, Doğu Akdeniz ve Türkiye’nin Hakları, SETA Kitapları 60, Ankara, 2020, p.159-182.
  • LEE, Stephen J., “Gladstone and Disraeli”, Routledge, London, 2005.
  • MAMEDOV, Ruslan, “Russia’s ‘Wait and See’ Policies and Libyan Settlement”, Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/russias-wait-and-see-policies-and-libyan-settlement-24692, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • NATO, “Military de-confliction mechanism between Greece and Turkey established at NATO”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_178523.htm, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • Odatv, “Biz "görüşmeden ne çıkacak" diye beklerken, Yunanistan'dan Türkiye'ye göndermeli askeri hamle”, https://odatv4.com/turkiyeye-karsi-imzalar-atildi-25012138.html, (Date of Accession: 27 January 2021).
  • PRICOPI, Marius, “The Military Operation Eunavfor Med Irini – A Downscale of the EU’s Involvement in the Migration Crisis”, Land Forces Academy Review, 4(100), 2020, p.302-306.
  • PUTTEN, Frans Paul van der, “Infrastructure and geopolitics: China’s Emerging Presence in the Eastern Mediterranean,” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 18(4), 2016, p.337-351.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Article by Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu titled “Our Preference in Eastern Mediterranean is Diplomacy without Preconditions”, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/sayin-bakanimizin-kathimerini-makalesi-15-9-2020.en.mfa, (Date of Accession: 16.02.2021)
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Eastern Mediterranean Turkey’s Legal and Political Views”, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/site_media/html/Eastern-Mediterranean-Turkey-s-Legal-and-Political-Views-5-February-2020.pdf
  • Reuters, “Egypt and Greece sign agreement on exclusive economic zone”, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-greece/egypt-and-greece-sign-agreement-on-exclusive-economic-zone-idUSKCN252216, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • RUBIN, Aviad, Ehud Eiran, Regional maritime security in the eastern Mediterranean: expectations and reality, International Affairs, 95(5), 2019, p.979-997.
  • SALİHOĞLU, Kaan Cenk, Doğu Akdeniz’de Satranç, İstanbul, Kaynak Yayınları, 2020.
  • Southfront, “France Deploys Charles De Gaulle Aircraft Carrier to Eastern Mediterranean”, https://southfront.org/france-deploys-charles-de-gaulle-aircraft-carrier-to-eastern-mediterranean/, (Date of Accession:13.02.2021)
  • Sözcü, “Savaşın Eşiğine Geldik”, 23 Temmuz 2020.
  • Sözcü, “AB liderleri Türkiye’ye yaptırım kararı almadı”, 11 Aralık 2020.
  • Sözcü, “Oruç Reis gemisi için Navtex ilan edildi”, 10 Ağustos 2020.
  • Sözcü, “Ve Oruç Reis için yeni Navtex geldi”, 27 Ağustos, 2020.
  • ŞAHİN İsmail, “İngiltere’nin Akdeniz Siyasetinde Kıbrıs (1580-1878)”, Asia Minor Studies-International Journal of Sciences, 4(7), Ocak 2016, p.149-176.
  • TAMAN, Muhittin-Mehmet Çağatay Güler, “The Cyprus Dispute: The Prerequisite for the Solution of the Eastern Mediterranean Problem," Kemal İnat-Burhanettin Duran-Muhittin Ataman, Eastern Mediterranean and Turkey: Political, Judicial, and Economic Perspectives, SETA Publiactions 60, Ankara, 2020, p.32-60.
  • TASAM Yayınları Uluslararası İlişkiler Serisi, Yeni Deniz Güvenliği Ekosistemi ve Doğu Akdeniz e-kitap, 2020.
  • The Ministry of Defence, International Security and Defence White Paper, Italy, Article 44.
  • The Defense Post, “Greece to lease French FREMM frigates amid Turkey tensions in Aegean,” https://www.thedefensepost.com/2018/04/21/greece-lease-french-fremm-frigates-turkey-aegean/, (Date of Accession: 27 January 2021)
  • UN Certificate of Registration No:69975 dated: 30 September 2020.
  • WINTOUR, Patrick, “Libyan government activates cooperation accord with Turkey”, The Guardian, 20 December 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/20/libyan-government-activates-cooperation-accord-with-turkey, (Date of Accession: 16.02.2021)
  • YAYCI, Cihat, Doğu Akdeniz’in Paylaşım Mücadelesi ve Türkiye, Kırmızı Kedi Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2020.
  • YAYCI, Cihat, “Doğu Akdeniz’de Deniz Yetki Alanlarının Paylaşılması Sorunu ve Türkiye”, Bilge Strateji, 4(6), Bahar 2012, p.1-70.
  • YILMAZ, Kardelen, Doğu Akdeniz Çalıştayı başladı, Denizcilik Dergisi, http://www.denizcilikdergisi.com/denizcilik-gundem-haberleri/dogu-akdeniz-calistayi-basladi/, (Date of Accession: 16.02.2021)
  • YILDIZ, Dursun, Tarihi Geçmişi, Stratejik Önemi ve Su Sorunu Açısından Akdeniz'in Doğusu, Bizim Kitaplar, İstanbul 2007.
Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 219 - 247, 31.05.2021

Abstract

References

  • AKSOY Merve, Doğu Akdeniz Enerji Rekabeti, 2016, İNSAMER, https://www.academia.edu/29286231/Dogu_Akdeniz_Enerji_Rekabeti, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • ALTERMAN, John B., Heather A. Jonley, Haim Malka, Donatienne Ruy, Restoring the Eastern Mediterranean as a U.S. Strategic Anchor, https://www.csis.org/analysis/restoring-eastern-mediterranean-us-strategic-anchor, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • ANTONOPOULOS, Paul, U.S. “State Department “deplores” Turkey’s “calculated provocation” in the East Mediterranean”, Greek City Times, https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/10/14/u-s-state-department-deplores-turkeys-calculated-provocation-in-the-east-mediterranean/, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • ARIDEMİR, Hakan-Çağatay Allı, “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesindeki Münhasır Ekonomik Bölge Tartışmalarının Analizi”, İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(10), 2019, p.188-202.
  • ATLAS, İlayda Meryem, Deniz İstikbal, “Rusya ve Çin’in Doğu Akdeniz Politikaları, Kemal İnat-Burhanettin Duran-Muhittin Ataman, Doğu Akdeniz ve Türkiye’nin Hakları, SETA Kitapları 60, Ankara, 2020, p.183-208.
  • BABÜROĞLU, Naim, 2021’de Türkiye’nin dış politikadaki konumu…, Veryansın TV, 3 Ocak 2021.
  • BAŞIBÜYÜK, Osman, “Büyük Oyun II – Doğu Akdeniz”, sunsavunma.net, https://www.sunsavunma.net/buyuk-oyun-ii-dogu-akdeniz/, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • ÇUBUKÇUOĞLU S. Süha-Salih Saner, “Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources”, Turkish Journal of Energy Policy, 2018, 3 (6), p.26-39.
  • “Doğu Akdeniz Çalıştayı | Akdeniz Üniversitesi (Açılış ve 1. Oturum)”, Youtube, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, 6 Aralık 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpSsPPiTqK8&t=434s.
  • “Doğu Akdeniz Çalıştayı | Akdeniz Üniversitesi (2. Oturum)”, Youtube, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, 7 Aralık 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpKzOTsk4Wk
  • ECE, Nur Jale, “Doğu Akdeniz’de Münhasır Ekonomik Bölge: Sınırlandırma Anlaşmaları, Paydaşlar ve Stratejiler”, Journal of ETA Maritime Science, JEMS, 2017; 5(1), p.81-94.
  • ERCİYES, Çağatay, “Eastern Mediterranean Turkey’s Legal and Political Views”, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/site_media/html/Eastern-Mediterranean-Turkey-s-Legal-and-Political-Views-5-February-2020.pdf, (Date of Accession:14.02.2021)
  • EROL, Mehmet Seyfettin, Fransa ve Yunanistan: Doğu Akdeniz’deki büyük hesaplaşmanın vekil aktörleri, Aydınlık, 9 Eylül 2020.
  • European Council, 10-11 December 2020, External relations, Eastern Mediterranean, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/european-council/2020/12/10-11/#, (Date of Accession:10.02.2021)
  • European Parliament, “Energy: A Shaping Factor for Regional Stability in the Eastern Mediterranean”, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/578044/EXPO_STU(2017)578044_EN.pdf, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • European Parliamentary Research Service Blog, “Outcome Of The Special European Council Meeting, 1-2 October 2020”, https://epthinktank.eu/2020/10/06/outcome-of-the-special-european-council-meeting-1-2-october-2020/, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021).
  • Euronews, “Türkiye, Doğu Akdeniz'deki doğal gaz arama faaliyetlerini beklemeye aldı”, https://tr.euronews.com/2020/07/28/turkiye-dogu-akdeniz-deki-dogal-gaz-arama-faaliyetlerini-ask-ya-aldi
  • GÜLLER, Mehmet Ali, “Çin’in Doğu Akdeniz Politikası”, Mehmet Ali Güller.com, https://mehmetaliguller.com/2020/08/12/cinin-dogu-akdeniz-politikasi/, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • GÜNEY, Ateşoğlu Nurşin, “Western Policies in the Eastern Mediterranean”, Kemal İnat-Burhanettin Duran-Muhittin Ataman, Eastern Mediterranean and Turkey: Political, Judicial, and Economic Perspectives, SETA Publiactions 62, Ankara, 2020, p.100-133.
  • GÜRDENİZ, Cem, “Mavi Vatanın Güney Cephesi “Doğu Akdeniz”, Pankuş Yayınları, Ankara 2020.
  • GÜRDENİZ, Cem, Piracy like Actions of Germany and the EU in the Eastern Mediterranean, United World, https://uwidata.com/14469-piracy-like-actions-of-germany-and-the-eu-in-the-eastern-mediterranean/, (Date of Accession:17.02.2021)
  • International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), Limits of Oceans and Seas, Monte Carlo-Monaco, 1953.
  • İNAT, Kemal-Burhanettin Duran, “Main Parameters of Turkey’s Eastern Mediterranean Policy”, Kemal İnat-Burhanettin Duran-Muhittin Ataman, Eastern Mediterranean and Turkey: Political, Judicial, and Economic Perspectives, SETA Publications 62, Ankara, 2020, p.6-29.
  • İNAT, Kemal, “Doğu Akdeniz Sorununun Nedenleri ve Türkiye’nin Politikası”, SETA, https://www.setav.org/dogu-akdeniz-sorununun-nedenleri-ve-turkiyenin-politikasi/, (Date of Accession: 16.02.2021)
  • KANAT, Kılıç Buğra-Alexander Chreeky, Libya’da Amerikan Varlığı, Libya Krizi Bölgesel ve Küresel Aktörlerin Politikaları, SETA Kitapları 60, Ankara, 2020.
  • KEDİKLİ, Umut-Taşkın Deniz, “Enerji Kaynakları Mücadelesinde Doğu Akdeniz Havzası ve Deniz Yetki Alanları Uyuşmazlığı”, Alternatif Politika, 7(3), Ekim 2015, p.399-424.
  • Keep Talking Greece, “Exploratory talks between Greece and Turkey resumed in Istanbul,” https://www.keeptalkinggreece.com/2021/01/25/greece-turkey-exploratory-talks/, (Date of Accession:27 January 2021).
  • KILIÇ, Altemur, “1571 yılındaki Fetihten Günümüze Kıbrıs Gerçeği”, Yeniçağ, 20 Şubat 2011.
  • KÖKSAL, Başak, “EUNAVFOR MED Irini Operasyonu Çerçevesinde Roseline – A Gemisine Karşı Gerçekleştirilen Askeri Müdahalenin Hukuka Uygunluğunun Değerlendirilmesi”, İstanbul Center of International Law, https://icil.org.tr/eunavfor-med-irini-operasyonu-cercevesinde-roseline-a-gemisine-karsi-gerceklestirilen-askeri-mudahalenin-hukuka-uygunlugunun-degerlendirilmesi/#_ednref15, (Date of Accession:17.02.2021)
  • KURT, Menderes-Talha İsmail Duman, Bölge Ülkelerinin Doğu Akdeniz Politikaları, Kemal İnat-Burhanettin Duran-Muhittin Ataman, Doğu Akdeniz ve Türkiye’nin Hakları, SETA Kitapları 60, Ankara, 2020, p.159-182.
  • LEE, Stephen J., “Gladstone and Disraeli”, Routledge, London, 2005.
  • MAMEDOV, Ruslan, “Russia’s ‘Wait and See’ Policies and Libyan Settlement”, Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/russias-wait-and-see-policies-and-libyan-settlement-24692, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • NATO, “Military de-confliction mechanism between Greece and Turkey established at NATO”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_178523.htm, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • Odatv, “Biz "görüşmeden ne çıkacak" diye beklerken, Yunanistan'dan Türkiye'ye göndermeli askeri hamle”, https://odatv4.com/turkiyeye-karsi-imzalar-atildi-25012138.html, (Date of Accession: 27 January 2021).
  • PRICOPI, Marius, “The Military Operation Eunavfor Med Irini – A Downscale of the EU’s Involvement in the Migration Crisis”, Land Forces Academy Review, 4(100), 2020, p.302-306.
  • PUTTEN, Frans Paul van der, “Infrastructure and geopolitics: China’s Emerging Presence in the Eastern Mediterranean,” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 18(4), 2016, p.337-351.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Article by Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu titled “Our Preference in Eastern Mediterranean is Diplomacy without Preconditions”, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/sayin-bakanimizin-kathimerini-makalesi-15-9-2020.en.mfa, (Date of Accession: 16.02.2021)
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Eastern Mediterranean Turkey’s Legal and Political Views”, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/site_media/html/Eastern-Mediterranean-Turkey-s-Legal-and-Political-Views-5-February-2020.pdf
  • Reuters, “Egypt and Greece sign agreement on exclusive economic zone”, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-greece/egypt-and-greece-sign-agreement-on-exclusive-economic-zone-idUSKCN252216, (Date of Accession:16.02.2021)
  • RUBIN, Aviad, Ehud Eiran, Regional maritime security in the eastern Mediterranean: expectations and reality, International Affairs, 95(5), 2019, p.979-997.
  • SALİHOĞLU, Kaan Cenk, Doğu Akdeniz’de Satranç, İstanbul, Kaynak Yayınları, 2020.
  • Southfront, “France Deploys Charles De Gaulle Aircraft Carrier to Eastern Mediterranean”, https://southfront.org/france-deploys-charles-de-gaulle-aircraft-carrier-to-eastern-mediterranean/, (Date of Accession:13.02.2021)
  • Sözcü, “Savaşın Eşiğine Geldik”, 23 Temmuz 2020.
  • Sözcü, “AB liderleri Türkiye’ye yaptırım kararı almadı”, 11 Aralık 2020.
  • Sözcü, “Oruç Reis gemisi için Navtex ilan edildi”, 10 Ağustos 2020.
  • Sözcü, “Ve Oruç Reis için yeni Navtex geldi”, 27 Ağustos, 2020.
  • ŞAHİN İsmail, “İngiltere’nin Akdeniz Siyasetinde Kıbrıs (1580-1878)”, Asia Minor Studies-International Journal of Sciences, 4(7), Ocak 2016, p.149-176.
  • TAMAN, Muhittin-Mehmet Çağatay Güler, “The Cyprus Dispute: The Prerequisite for the Solution of the Eastern Mediterranean Problem," Kemal İnat-Burhanettin Duran-Muhittin Ataman, Eastern Mediterranean and Turkey: Political, Judicial, and Economic Perspectives, SETA Publiactions 60, Ankara, 2020, p.32-60.
  • TASAM Yayınları Uluslararası İlişkiler Serisi, Yeni Deniz Güvenliği Ekosistemi ve Doğu Akdeniz e-kitap, 2020.
  • The Ministry of Defence, International Security and Defence White Paper, Italy, Article 44.
  • The Defense Post, “Greece to lease French FREMM frigates amid Turkey tensions in Aegean,” https://www.thedefensepost.com/2018/04/21/greece-lease-french-fremm-frigates-turkey-aegean/, (Date of Accession: 27 January 2021)
  • UN Certificate of Registration No:69975 dated: 30 September 2020.
  • WINTOUR, Patrick, “Libyan government activates cooperation accord with Turkey”, The Guardian, 20 December 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/20/libyan-government-activates-cooperation-accord-with-turkey, (Date of Accession: 16.02.2021)
  • YAYCI, Cihat, Doğu Akdeniz’in Paylaşım Mücadelesi ve Türkiye, Kırmızı Kedi Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2020.
  • YAYCI, Cihat, “Doğu Akdeniz’de Deniz Yetki Alanlarının Paylaşılması Sorunu ve Türkiye”, Bilge Strateji, 4(6), Bahar 2012, p.1-70.
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ferhan Oral

Publication Date May 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Oral, F. (2021). Is the Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean: Is it About Energy or Sovereignty?. Uluslararası Kriz Ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 219-247.