Covid-19 Pandemisinin Bizlere Anımsattıkları: Sovyet ve Rus Biyolojik Silah Programının Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 773 - 803, 27.12.2021

Şafak Oğuz , Suat Taşkesen

Abstract

Tarihte, biyolojik ajanların insanlar ve hayvanlara karşı silah olarak kullanıldığı pek çok örneğe rastlanır. Özellikle 20. yüzyılda -başta Almanya, Japonya, ABD, Birleşik Krallık ve Sovyetler Birliği olmak üzere- gerek sistematik olarak gerekse de bireysel girişimler aracılığıyla - Heinrich Himmler gibi- biyolojik silahların (BS) üretilmesine yönelik oldukça önemli çabalar görülür. Sovyetler Birliği 1972’de biyolojik silahların araştırılmasını, kullanılmasını ve üretimini yasaklayan Biyolojik Silahlar Konvansiyonu’nu imzalamasına karşın, bugün bile Soğuk Savaş sonrası Rusya’sında hala devam edip etmediği tartışma konusu olan BS programına devam etmiştir.

COVID-19 Pandemisi bizlere olası bir BS tehdidini yeniden anımsatmıştır, çünkü BS programlarının doğaları itibariyle gizli yürütülmeleri, hangi devletlerin bu tür projelere ne kadar kaynak ayırdıkları sorusunu akla getirmektedir. Bu çalışma, Batılı ve Rus kaynaklar aracılığıyla Sovyetler Birliği tarafından yürütülen BS programına odaklanmıştır. Çalışma, temel olarak, COVID-19’un da anımsattığı üzere, biyolojik silahların olası bir tehdit olmaya devam ettiği görüşüne dayanmaktadır.

Keywords

COVID-19, biyolojik silahlar, biyolojik ajanlar, Sovyetler Birliği, Biopreparat

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