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Küresel Alanda Biyolojik Silahsızlanmanın Sağlanması Çabalarında NATO

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 804 - 836, 27.12.2021

Abstract

2000’li yıllarla birlikte askeri savunma amaçlı bir uluslararası örgütün ötesinde, adeta küresel bir güvenlik örgütü gibi bir tutum içerisinde küresel güvenlik sorunlarının çözümünde yoğun çaba gösterdiği gözlenen NATO’nun, bu kapsamda çözüm arayışları içerisine girdiği küresel ölçekteki güvenlik sorunlarından biri de, “Biyolojik Silahlar/Biyolojik Silahlanma” sorunudur.
Bu bağlamda çalışmada, küresel ölçekte bir güvenlik sorunu olan, “Biyolojik Silahlar/Biyolojik Silahlanma” sorunu karşısında, sorunun çözümüne yönelik çalışmalarda önemli katkıya sahip olduğu gözlenen NATO’nun, biyolojik silahların küresel ölçekte oluşturduğu tehditler karşısında, küresel düzeydeki çözüm arayışlarından biri olarak, biyolojik silahsızlanmanın sağlanması konusuna yaklaşımı ele alınacaktır.

References

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  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “NATO’s Comprehensive, Strategic-Level Policy for Preventing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and Defending against Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Threats”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_57218.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Prague Summit Declaration”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_19552.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Riga Summit Declaration”, https://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2006/p06-150e.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Rome Declaration on Peace and Cooperation”, https://www.nato.int/docu/comm/49-95/c911108a.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Strategic Concepts”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_56626.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2021).
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Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 804 - 836, 27.12.2021

Abstract

References

  • AKÇALI, Alper, “Biyolojik Silah Olarak Viruslar”, Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, 39(3), Temmuz 2005, s. 383-397.
  • “A Primer of Biological Weapons”, ABC News, 6 January 2006, https://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=117205&page=1, (Erişim Tarihi: 10. 07.2021).
  • ATLAS, Ronald M., “The Medical Threat of Biological Weapons”, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 24(3), September 1998, s. 157-168.
  • BARRAS, V.-G. Greub, “History of Biological Warfare and Bioterörism”, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20(6), June 2014, s. 497-502.
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Biological Agents”, https://www.epa.gov/emergency-response/biological-agents, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2021).
  • “Biological Agents”, United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, https://www.osha.gov/biological-agents, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2021).
  • “Biological Weapons Convention”, https://www.un.org/disarmament/biological-weapons, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2021).
  • CHITTARANJAN, Kalpana, “Biological Weapons: An Insidious WMD”, Strategic Analysis, 22(9), July 1998, s. 1427-1443.
  • “Definitions”, National Archives, Code of Federal Regulations, https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/chapter-I/subchapter-F/part-73/section-73.1, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.10.2021).
  • FALK, Thomas, “Stoltenberg: NATO to Step up its Defense Against Biological Weapons”, European[views], 30.12.2020, https://www.european-views.com/2020/12/stoltenberg-nato-to-step-up-its-defense-against-biological-weapons/, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2021).
  • Federation of American Scientists (FAS), “Introduction to Biological Weapons”, https://programs.fas.org/bio/bwintro.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 29.06.2021).
  • GREENFIELD, Ronald A.-Douglas A. Drevets-Linda J. Machado-Gene W. Voskuhl-Paul Correa-Michael S. Bronze, “Bacterial Pathogens as Biological Weapons and Agents of Bioterrorism”, The American Journal of The Medical Sciences, 323(6), June 2002, s. 299-315.
  • HAWLEY, Robert J.-Edward M. Eitzen, Jr, “Biological Weapons- A Primer for Microbiologists”, Annual Review of Microbiology, 55(1), October 2001, s. 235-253.
  • KOBLENTZ, Gregory, “Pathogens as Weapons: The International Security Implications of Biological Warfare”, International Security, 28(3), Winter 2003/2004, s. 84-112.
  • “National Biodefense Strategy 2018”, https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/National-Biodefense-Strategy.pdf, ss.1-30, (Erişim Tarihi: 08.06.2021).
  • NATO, “Arms Control, disarmament and non-proliferation in NATO”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_48895.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2021).
  • NATO, NATO-Russia Council Rome Summit 2002, Rome 2002, s. 1-40, https://www.nato.int/docu/comm/2002/0205-rome/rome-eng.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi:02.09.2021).
  • NATO, Active Engagement Modern Defence, Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Lisbon,19-20 November 2010, s. 1-40, https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_publications/20120214_strategic-concept-2010-eng.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.09.2021).
  • NATO, “The Future Tasks of the Alliance, Report of the Council-‘The Harmel Report’ ”,13 Dec.1967-14 Dec. 1967, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_26700.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2021).
  • Public Health Emergency, “Frequently Asked Questions: National Biodefense Strategy”, https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/biodefense-strategy/Pages/faqs.aspx, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.06.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Active Engagement, Modern Defence”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_68580.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation in NATO”, https://www.nato.int/summit2009/topics_en/17-arms_control.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Brussels Summit Communiqué”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_185000.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 08.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Brussels Summit Declaration”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_156624.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Bucharest Summit Declaration”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_8443.htm?mode=pressrelease, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Istanbul Summit Communiqué”, https://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2004/p04-096e.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 06.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Ministerial Communiqués”, https://www.nato.int/docu/comm/comm91.htm#summit91, (Erişim Tarihi: 08.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “NATO and Partners to discuss Weapons of Mass Destruction Non-proliferation and Arms Control in Helsinki”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_143786.htm?selectedLocale=en, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “NATO Looks at Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Aspects in Combating Terrorism”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_66854.htm?selectedLocale=en, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “NATO Publishes New Policy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_57234.htm?selectedLocale=en, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “NATO’s Comprehensive, Strategic-Level Policy for Preventing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and Defending against Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Threats”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_57218.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Prague Summit Declaration”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_19552.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Riga Summit Declaration”, https://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2006/p06-150e.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Rome Declaration on Peace and Cooperation”, https://www.nato.int/docu/comm/49-95/c911108a.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Strategic Concepts”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_56626.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “The Alliance's Strategic Concept”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_27433.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Wales Summit Declaration”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_112964.htm?mode=pressrelease, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Washington Summit Communique”, https://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-064e.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2021).
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Weapons of Mass Destruction”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_50325.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2021).
  • United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, “What are Biological Weapons?”, https://www.un.org/disarmament/biological-weapons/about/what-are-biological-weapons/, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2021).
  • United Nations, “Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Terrorism”, https://www.un.org/counterterrorism/cct/chemical-biological-radiological-and-nuclear-terrorism, (Erişim Tarihi: 06.10.2021).
  • United Nations Office for Disarmament, “Biological Weapons Convention”, https://www.un.org/disarmament/biological-weapons/, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.05.2021).
  • United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament (UNRCPD), “Weapons of Mass Destruction”, https://unrcpd.org/wmd/, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2021).
  • WHEELİS, Mark, “Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa”, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8(9), 2002, s .971-975.
  • World Health Organization (WHO), “Biological Weapons”, https://www.who.int/health-topics/biologicalweapons#tab=tab_1, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2021).
  • World Health Organization (WHO), “Mental Health of Populations Exposed to Biological and Chemical Weapons”, Geneva, 2005, s.1-8, https://www.who.int/mental_health/media/bcw_and_mental_heath_who_2005.pdf?ua=1, (Erişim Tarihi: 06.10.2021).
  • “4. Public Health Preparedness and Response”, https://www.who.int/csr/delibepidemics/chapter4.pdf, s.53-108, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.09.2021).
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sibel Kavuncu

Cengiz Özbek 0000-0002-9158-3381

Publication Date December 27, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kavuncu, S., & Özbek, C. (2021). Küresel Alanda Biyolojik Silahsızlanmanın Sağlanması Çabalarında NATO. Uluslararası Kriz Ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 804-836.