Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetlerinde Enerji Yoksulluğu

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 50 - 70, 21.12.2023

Derya Demir Dilşad Taşkın Kuveloğlu

Abstract

Dünyadaki enerji kaynakları tüm diğer kaynaklar sınırlı olduğu gibi sınırlıdır. Ancak enerji talebi ve enerji tüketimi özellikle 2. Dünya Savaşından sonra sanayileşmede yaşanan hızlı ve devrim niteliğindeki gelişmelerle birlikte hızla artmaya başlamıştır. Teknolojinin, uluslararası ticaretin ve ulaşımın gelişmesine ek olarak küreselleşmeyle birlikte ülkeler arasındaki etkileşim de artmıştır. Tüm bu birbirini etkileyen süreçler sonucunda enerji arzı ile enerji talebi arasındaki dengeyi sağlamakta güçlük yaşanmaktadır. Bu dengenin sağlanamaması, enerji fiyatlarının yüksekliği, konutların enerji verimsiz olması ve düşük gelir düzeyi gibi sebeplerle bireyler enerjiye hem erişimleri hem de enerjiyi satın alabilmeleri anlamında enerji yoksulluğu ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Çalışmaya konu olan Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetlerinde; Kazakistan, Türkmenistan ve Özbekistan sahip oldukları petrol ve gaz kaynakları ile küresel enerji güvenliğinde önemli rol oynayan ülkelerdendir. Kırgızistan ve Tacikistan ise enerji sektöründe farklı zorluklar yaşamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri’ nde enerji yoksulluğunun mevcut durumunun Uluslararası Enerji Ajansı, Dünya Bankası ve Asya Kalkınma Bankası veri ve raporlarından yararlanılarak betimsel analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kazakistan, Türkmenistan ve Özbekistan petrol ve gaz kaynakları bakımından zengin ülkeler olup ekonomilerini geliştirse de hem bu ülkelerde, hem de Kırgızistan ve Tacikistan’da enerji yoksulluğu ciddi boyutlardadır.

Keywords

Enerji, Enerji Yoksulluğu, Enerjiye Erişim, Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri

Energy Poverty In Central Asian Turkish Republics

Abstract

As all other resources are limited energy resources in the world are limited. However, energy demand and energy consumption started to increase rapidly, especially with the rapid and revolutionary developments in industrialization after the II. World War. In addition to the development of technology, international trade and transportation, interaction between countries has also increased with globalization. As a result of all these processes affecting each other, there is difficulty in maintaining the balance between energy supply and energy demand. The individuals are faced with energy poverty in terms of both accessing and purchasing energy due to reasons such as failure to achieve this balance, high energy prices, inefficient residences and low income levels. In the Central Asian Turkish Republics that are the subject of the study; Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are among the countries that play an important role in global energy security with their oil and gas resources. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan are experiencing different difficulties in the energy sector. In this study, it is aimed to examine the current situation of energy poverty in Central Asian Turkic Republics by descriptive analysis method, using data and reports from International Energy Agency, World Bank and Asian Development Bank. Although Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are rich in oil and gas resources and develop their economies, energy poverty is serious both in these countries, as well as in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

Keywords

Energy, Energy Poverty, Access to Energy, Central Asian Turkish Republics

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